Problem
It seems that implementation of input size attribute differs across browsers: inputs are narrower in Chrome than in Firefox and Safari:

↑ Input with size of 16, Chrome.

↑ The same field in Firefox.
This is probably caused by vague specification of HTML.
Suggested Solution
There is probably no pure HTML + CSS solution, CSS cannot apply the value of size attribute anywhere else than in content.
However, we can take the value of inputSize and pass it to CSS through a custom property. Setting a width should then be as easy as this:
width: calc(1ch * var(--rui-local-input-size));
Or probably more purely:
width: var(--rui-local-input-size);