[pull] master from TheAlgorithms:master

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -10,21 +10,18 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+        with:
+          enable-cache: true
+          cache-dependency-glob: uv.lock
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: 3.13
           allow-prereleases: true
-      - uses: actions/cache@v4
-        with:
-          path: ~/.cache/pip
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-pip-${{ hashFiles('requirements.txt') }}
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
-          python -m pip install pytest-cov -r requirements.txt
+      - run: uv sync --group=test
       - name: Run tests
         # TODO: #8818 Re-enable quantum tests
-        run: pytest
+        run: uv run pytest
           --ignore=computer_vision/cnn_classification.py
           --ignore=docs/conf.py
           --ignore=dynamic_programming/k_means_clustering_tensorflow.py
@@ -33,6 +30,7 @@ jobs:
           --ignore=project_euler/
           --ignore=quantum/q_fourier_transform.py
           --ignore=scripts/validate_solutions.py
+          --ignore=web_programming/fetch_anime_and_play.py
           --cov-report=term-missing:skip-covered
           --cov=. .
       - if: ${{ success() }}

.github/workflows/directory_writer.yml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 name: directory_writer
 on: [push]
 jobs:
-  build:
+  directory_writer:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4

.github/workflows/project_euler.yml

@@ -15,25 +15,21 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: 3.x
-      - name: Install pytest and pytest-cov
-        run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-          python -m pip install --upgrade numpy pytest pytest-cov
-      - run: pytest --doctest-modules --cov-report=term-missing:skip-covered --cov=project_euler/ project_euler/
+      - run: uv sync --group=euler-validate --group=test
+      - run: uv run pytest --doctest-modules --cov-report=term-missing:skip-covered --cov=project_euler/ project_euler/
   validate-solutions:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: 3.x
-      - name: Install pytest and requests
-        run: |
-          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-          python -m pip install --upgrade numpy pytest requests
-      - run: pytest scripts/validate_solutions.py
+      - run: uv sync --group=euler-validate --group=test
+      - run: uv run pytest scripts/validate_solutions.py
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/ruff.yml

@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - run: pip install --user ruff
-      - run: ruff check --output-format=github .
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
+      - run: uvx ruff check --output-format=github .

.github/workflows/sphinx.yml

@@ -23,17 +23,17 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   build_docs:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
           python-version: 3.13
           allow-prereleases: true
-      - run: pip install --upgrade pip
-      - run: pip install myst-parser sphinx-autoapi sphinx-pyproject
+      - run: uv sync --group=docs
       - uses: actions/configure-pages@v5
-      - run: sphinx-build -c docs . docs/_build/html
+      - run: uv run sphinx-build -c docs . docs/_build/html
       - uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3
         with:
           path: docs/_build/html

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -16,20 +16,20 @@ repos:
       - id: auto-walrus
 
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.7.3
+    rev: v0.11.11
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
       - id: ruff-format
 
   - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-    rev: v2.3.0
+    rev: v2.4.1
     hooks:
       - id: codespell
         additional_dependencies:
           - tomli
 
   - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt
-    rev: "v2.5.0"
+    rev: "v2.6.0"
     hooks:
       - id: pyproject-fmt
 
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ repos:
         pass_filenames: false
 
   - repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
-    rev: v0.23
+    rev: v0.24.1
     hooks:
       - id: validate-pyproject
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-    rev: v1.13.0
+    rev: v1.15.0
     hooks:
       - id: mypy
         args:

DIRECTORY.md

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
   * [Count Number Of One Bits](bit_manipulation/count_number_of_one_bits.py)
   * [Excess 3 Code](bit_manipulation/excess_3_code.py)
   * [Find Previous Power Of Two](bit_manipulation/find_previous_power_of_two.py)
+  * [Find Unique Number](bit_manipulation/find_unique_number.py)
   * [Gray Code Sequence](bit_manipulation/gray_code_sequence.py)
   * [Highest Set Bit](bit_manipulation/highest_set_bit.py)
   * [Index Of Rightmost Set Bit](bit_manipulation/index_of_rightmost_set_bit.py)
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@
   * [Baconian Cipher](ciphers/baconian_cipher.py)
   * [Base16](ciphers/base16.py)
   * [Base32](ciphers/base32.py)
-  * [Base64](ciphers/base64.py)
+  * [Base64 Cipher](ciphers/base64_cipher.py)
   * [Base85](ciphers/base85.py)
   * [Beaufort Cipher](ciphers/beaufort_cipher.py)
   * [Bifid](ciphers/bifid.py)
@@ -127,21 +128,13 @@
   * [Vigenere Cipher](ciphers/vigenere_cipher.py)
   * [Xor Cipher](ciphers/xor_cipher.py)
 
-## Compression
-  * [Burrows Wheeler](compression/burrows_wheeler.py)
-  * [Huffman](compression/huffman.py)
-  * [Lempel Ziv](compression/lempel_ziv.py)
-  * [Lempel Ziv Decompress](compression/lempel_ziv_decompress.py)
-  * [Lz77](compression/lz77.py)
-  * [Peak Signal To Noise Ratio](compression/peak_signal_to_noise_ratio.py)
-  * [Run Length Encoding](compression/run_length_encoding.py)
-
 ## Computer Vision
   * [Cnn Classification](computer_vision/cnn_classification.py)
   * [Flip Augmentation](computer_vision/flip_augmentation.py)
   * [Haralick Descriptors](computer_vision/haralick_descriptors.py)
   * [Harris Corner](computer_vision/harris_corner.py)
   * [Horn Schunck](computer_vision/horn_schunck.py)
+  * [Intensity Based Segmentation](computer_vision/intensity_based_segmentation.py)
   * [Mean Threshold](computer_vision/mean_threshold.py)
   * [Mosaic Augmentation](computer_vision/mosaic_augmentation.py)
   * [Pooling Functions](computer_vision/pooling_functions.py)
@@ -169,6 +162,7 @@
   * [Prefix Conversions](conversions/prefix_conversions.py)
   * [Prefix Conversions String](conversions/prefix_conversions_string.py)
   * [Pressure Conversions](conversions/pressure_conversions.py)
+  * [Rectangular To Polar](conversions/rectangular_to_polar.py)
   * [Rgb Cmyk Conversion](conversions/rgb_cmyk_conversion.py)
   * [Rgb Hsv Conversion](conversions/rgb_hsv_conversion.py)
   * [Roman Numerals](conversions/roman_numerals.py)
@@ -178,6 +172,15 @@
   * [Volume Conversions](conversions/volume_conversions.py)
   * [Weight Conversion](conversions/weight_conversion.py)
 
+## Data Compression
+  * [Burrows Wheeler](data_compression/burrows_wheeler.py)
+  * [Huffman](data_compression/huffman.py)
+  * [Lempel Ziv](data_compression/lempel_ziv.py)
+  * [Lempel Ziv Decompress](data_compression/lempel_ziv_decompress.py)
+  * [Lz77](data_compression/lz77.py)
+  * [Peak Signal To Noise Ratio](data_compression/peak_signal_to_noise_ratio.py)
+  * [Run Length Encoding](data_compression/run_length_encoding.py)
+
 ## Data Structures
   * Arrays
     * [Equilibrium Index In Array](data_structures/arrays/equilibrium_index_in_array.py)
@@ -273,20 +276,21 @@
     * [Singly Linked List](data_structures/linked_list/singly_linked_list.py)
     * [Skip List](data_structures/linked_list/skip_list.py)
     * [Swap Nodes](data_structures/linked_list/swap_nodes.py)
-  * Queue
-    * [Circular Queue](data_structures/queue/circular_queue.py)
-    * [Circular Queue Linked List](data_structures/queue/circular_queue_linked_list.py)
-    * [Double Ended Queue](data_structures/queue/double_ended_queue.py)
-    * [Linked Queue](data_structures/queue/linked_queue.py)
-    * [Priority Queue Using List](data_structures/queue/priority_queue_using_list.py)
-    * [Queue By List](data_structures/queue/queue_by_list.py)
-    * [Queue By Two Stacks](data_structures/queue/queue_by_two_stacks.py)
-    * [Queue On Pseudo Stack](data_structures/queue/queue_on_pseudo_stack.py)
+  * Queues
+    * [Circular Queue](data_structures/queues/circular_queue.py)
+    * [Circular Queue Linked List](data_structures/queues/circular_queue_linked_list.py)
+    * [Double Ended Queue](data_structures/queues/double_ended_queue.py)
+    * [Linked Queue](data_structures/queues/linked_queue.py)
+    * [Priority Queue Using List](data_structures/queues/priority_queue_using_list.py)
+    * [Queue By List](data_structures/queues/queue_by_list.py)
+    * [Queue By Two Stacks](data_structures/queues/queue_by_two_stacks.py)
+    * [Queue On Pseudo Stack](data_structures/queues/queue_on_pseudo_stack.py)
   * Stacks
     * [Balanced Parentheses](data_structures/stacks/balanced_parentheses.py)
     * [Dijkstras Two Stack Algorithm](data_structures/stacks/dijkstras_two_stack_algorithm.py)
     * [Infix To Postfix Conversion](data_structures/stacks/infix_to_postfix_conversion.py)
     * [Infix To Prefix Conversion](data_structures/stacks/infix_to_prefix_conversion.py)
+    * [Largest Rectangle Histogram](data_structures/stacks/largest_rectangle_histogram.py)
     * [Lexicographical Numbers](data_structures/stacks/lexicographical_numbers.py)
     * [Next Greater Element](data_structures/stacks/next_greater_element.py)
     * [Postfix Evaluation](data_structures/stacks/postfix_evaluation.py)
@@ -375,6 +379,7 @@
   * [Longest Common Subsequence](dynamic_programming/longest_common_subsequence.py)
   * [Longest Common Substring](dynamic_programming/longest_common_substring.py)
   * [Longest Increasing Subsequence](dynamic_programming/longest_increasing_subsequence.py)
+  * [Longest Increasing Subsequence Iterative](dynamic_programming/longest_increasing_subsequence_iterative.py)
   * [Longest Increasing Subsequence O Nlogn](dynamic_programming/longest_increasing_subsequence_o_nlogn.py)
   * [Longest Palindromic Subsequence](dynamic_programming/longest_palindromic_subsequence.py)
   * [Matrix Chain Multiplication](dynamic_programming/matrix_chain_multiplication.py)
@@ -392,6 +397,7 @@
   * [Minimum Tickets Cost](dynamic_programming/minimum_tickets_cost.py)
   * [Optimal Binary Search Tree](dynamic_programming/optimal_binary_search_tree.py)
   * [Palindrome Partitioning](dynamic_programming/palindrome_partitioning.py)
+  * [Range Sum Query](dynamic_programming/range_sum_query.py)
   * [Regex Match](dynamic_programming/regex_match.py)
   * [Rod Cutting](dynamic_programming/rod_cutting.py)
   * [Smith Waterman](dynamic_programming/smith_waterman.py)
@@ -437,6 +443,7 @@
   * [Present Value](financial/present_value.py)
   * [Price Plus Tax](financial/price_plus_tax.py)
   * [Simple Moving Average](financial/simple_moving_average.py)
+  * [Time And Half Pay](financial/time_and_half_pay.py)
 
 ## Fractals
   * [Julia Sets](fractals/julia_sets.py)
@@ -460,6 +467,8 @@
 
 ## Graphics
   * [Bezier Curve](graphics/bezier_curve.py)
+  * [Butterfly Pattern](graphics/butterfly_pattern.py)
+  * [Digital Differential Analyzer Line](graphics/digital_differential_analyzer_line.py)
   * [Vector3 For 2D Rendering](graphics/vector3_for_2d_rendering.py)
 
 ## Graphs
@@ -471,6 +480,7 @@
   * [Bi Directional Dijkstra](graphs/bi_directional_dijkstra.py)
   * [Bidirectional A Star](graphs/bidirectional_a_star.py)
   * [Bidirectional Breadth First Search](graphs/bidirectional_breadth_first_search.py)
+  * [Bidirectional Search](graphs/bidirectional_search.py)
   * [Boruvka](graphs/boruvka.py)
   * [Breadth First Search](graphs/breadth_first_search.py)
   * [Breadth First Search 2](graphs/breadth_first_search_2.py)
@@ -506,6 +516,7 @@
   * [Kahns Algorithm Long](graphs/kahns_algorithm_long.py)
   * [Kahns Algorithm Topo](graphs/kahns_algorithm_topo.py)
   * [Karger](graphs/karger.py)
+  * [Lanczos Eigenvectors](graphs/lanczos_eigenvectors.py)
   * [Markov Chain](graphs/markov_chain.py)
   * [Matching Min Vertex Cover](graphs/matching_min_vertex_cover.py)
   * [Minimum Path Sum](graphs/minimum_path_sum.py)
@@ -562,6 +573,7 @@
   * [Gaussian Elimination](linear_algebra/gaussian_elimination.py)
   * [Jacobi Iteration Method](linear_algebra/jacobi_iteration_method.py)
   * [Lu Decomposition](linear_algebra/lu_decomposition.py)
+  * [Matrix Inversion](linear_algebra/matrix_inversion.py)
   * Src
     * [Conjugate Gradient](linear_algebra/src/conjugate_gradient.py)
     * [Gaussian Elimination Pivoting](linear_algebra/src/gaussian_elimination_pivoting.py)
@@ -602,6 +614,7 @@
   * [Mfcc](machine_learning/mfcc.py)
   * [Multilayer Perceptron Classifier](machine_learning/multilayer_perceptron_classifier.py)
   * [Polynomial Regression](machine_learning/polynomial_regression.py)
+  * [Principle Component Analysis](machine_learning/principle_component_analysis.py)
   * [Scoring Functions](machine_learning/scoring_functions.py)
   * [Self Organizing Map](machine_learning/self_organizing_map.py)
   * [Sequential Minimum Optimization](machine_learning/sequential_minimum_optimization.py)
@@ -660,6 +673,7 @@
   * [Gamma](maths/gamma.py)
   * [Gaussian](maths/gaussian.py)
   * [Gcd Of N Numbers](maths/gcd_of_n_numbers.py)
+  * [Geometric Mean](maths/geometric_mean.py)
   * [Germain Primes](maths/germain_primes.py)
   * [Greatest Common Divisor](maths/greatest_common_divisor.py)
   * [Hardy Ramanujanalgo](maths/hardy_ramanujanalgo.py)
@@ -794,6 +808,7 @@
   * [Cramers Rule 2X2](matrix/cramers_rule_2x2.py)
   * [Inverse Of Matrix](matrix/inverse_of_matrix.py)
   * [Largest Square Area In Matrix](matrix/largest_square_area_in_matrix.py)
+  * [Matrix Based Game](matrix/matrix_based_game.py)
   * [Matrix Class](matrix/matrix_class.py)
   * [Matrix Equalization](matrix/matrix_equalization.py)
   * [Matrix Multiplication Recursion](matrix/matrix_multiplication_recursion.py)
@@ -870,6 +885,7 @@
   * [Centripetal Force](physics/centripetal_force.py)
   * [Coulombs Law](physics/coulombs_law.py)
   * [Doppler Frequency](physics/doppler_frequency.py)
+  * [Escape Velocity](physics/escape_velocity.py)
   * [Grahams Law](physics/grahams_law.py)
   * [Horizontal Projectile Motion](physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py)
   * [Hubble Parameter](physics/hubble_parameter.py)
@@ -884,6 +900,8 @@
   * [N Body Simulation](physics/n_body_simulation.py)
   * [Newtons Law Of Gravitation](physics/newtons_law_of_gravitation.py)
   * [Newtons Second Law Of Motion](physics/newtons_second_law_of_motion.py)
+  * [Orbital Transfer Work](physics/orbital_transfer_work.py)
+  * [Period Of Pendulum](physics/period_of_pendulum.py)
   * [Photoelectric Effect](physics/photoelectric_effect.py)
   * [Potential Energy](physics/potential_energy.py)
   * [Rainfall Intensity](physics/rainfall_intensity.py)
@@ -1107,6 +1125,8 @@
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_092/sol1.py)
   * Problem 094
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_094/sol1.py)
+  * Problem 095
+    * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_095/sol1.py)
   * Problem 097
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_097/sol1.py)
   * Problem 099
@@ -1141,6 +1161,8 @@
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_120/sol1.py)
   * Problem 121
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_121/sol1.py)
+  * Problem 122
+    * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_122/sol1.py)
   * Problem 123
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_123/sol1.py)
   * Problem 125
@@ -1151,10 +1173,14 @@
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_131/sol1.py)
   * Problem 135
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_135/sol1.py)
+  * Problem 136
+    * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_136/sol1.py)
   * Problem 144
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_144/sol1.py)
   * Problem 145
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_145/sol1.py)
+  * Problem 164
+    * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_164/sol1.py)
   * Problem 173
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_173/sol1.py)
   * Problem 174
@@ -1165,6 +1191,8 @@
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_187/sol1.py)
   * Problem 188
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_188/sol1.py)
+  * Problem 190
+    * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_190/sol1.py)
   * Problem 191
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_191/sol1.py)
   * Problem 203
@@ -1179,6 +1207,8 @@
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_234/sol1.py)
   * Problem 301
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_301/sol1.py)
+  * Problem 345
+    * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_345/sol1.py)
   * Problem 493
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_493/sol1.py)
   * Problem 551
@@ -1324,7 +1354,7 @@
   * [Title](strings/title.py)
   * [Top K Frequent Words](strings/top_k_frequent_words.py)
   * [Upper](strings/upper.py)
-  * [Wave](strings/wave.py)
+  * [Wave String](strings/wave_string.py)
   * [Wildcard Pattern Matching](strings/wildcard_pattern_matching.py)
   * [Word Occurrence](strings/word_occurrence.py)
   * [Word Patterns](strings/word_patterns.py)