Update maths/cube_number.py

[taseikyo]

Skip the invalid loops

In [1]: def is_cube_number(number: int) -> bool:
   ...:     number = abs(number)
   ...:     for i in range(0, number + 1):
   ...:         if i ** 3 == number:
   ...:             return True
   ...:     return False
   ...:

In [2]: def is_cube_number_fast(number: int) -> bool:
   ...:     number = abs(number)
   ...:     for i in range(0, number + 1):
   ...:         if i ** 3 == number:
   ...:             return True
   ...:         if i ** 3 > number:
   ...:             return False
   ...:     return False
   ...:

In [3]: %timeit -n10 is_cube_number_fast(2**20)
35.7 µs ± 494 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)

In [4]: %timeit -n10 is_cube_number(2**20)
214 ms ± 1.83 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)

[realDuYuanChao]

Thanks for your contribution