[pull] master from TheAlgorithms:master

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* @Panquesito7 @realstealthninja

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 Thank you for your Pull Request. Please provide a description above and review
 the requirements below.
 
-Contributors guide: https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/CONTRIBUTING.md
+Contributors guide: https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
 -->
 
 #### Checklist
@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ Contributors guide: https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/CONTRIBUTING.md
 - [ ] Search previous suggestions before making a new one, as yours may be a duplicate.
 - [ ] I acknowledge that all my contributions will be made under the project's license.
 
-Notes: <!-- Please add a one-line description for developers or pull request viewers -->
+Notes: <!-- Please add a one-line description for developers or pull request viewers -->

.github/workflows/awesome_workflow.yml

@@ -27,11 +27,6 @@ jobs:
           wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheAlgorithms/scripts/main/filename_formatter.sh
           chmod +x filename_formatter.sh
           ./filename_formatter.sh . .cpp,.hpp
-      - name: Update DIRECTORY.md
-        run: |
-          wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TheAlgorithms/scripts/main/build_directory_md.py
-          python3 build_directory_md.py C-Plus-Plus . .cpp,.hpp,.h > DIRECTORY.md
-          git commit -m "updating DIRECTORY.md" DIRECTORY.md ||  true
       - name: Get file changes
         run: |
           git branch
@@ -43,47 +38,8 @@ jobs:
         # be able to catch any errors for other platforms.
         run: cmake -B build -S . -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON
       - name: Lint modified files
-        shell: python
-        run: |
-          import os
-          import subprocess
-          import sys
-
-          print("Python {}.{}.{}".format(*sys.version_info))  # Python 3.8
-          with open("git_diff.txt") as in_file:
-            modified_files = sorted(in_file.read().splitlines())
-          print("{} files were modified.".format(len(modified_files)))
-
-          cpp_exts = tuple(".c .c++ .cc .cpp .cu .cuh .cxx .h .h++ .hh .hpp .hxx".split())
-          cpp_files = [file for file in modified_files if file.lower().endswith(cpp_exts)]
-          print(f"{len(cpp_files)} C++ files were modified.")
-          if not cpp_files:
-            sys.exit(0)
-
-          subprocess.run(["clang-tidy", "--fix", "-p=build", "--extra-arg=-std=c++11", *cpp_files, "--"], 
-              check=True, text=True, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
-
-          subprocess.run(["clang-format", "-i", "-style=file", *cpp_files], 
-              check=True, text=True, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
-
-          upper_files = [file for file in cpp_files if file != file.lower()]
-          if upper_files:
-            print(f"{len(upper_files)} files contain uppercase characters:")
-            print("\n".join(upper_files) + "\n")
-
-          space_files = [file for file in cpp_files if " " in file or "-" in file]
-          if space_files:
-            print(f"{len(space_files)} files contain space or dash characters:")
-            print("\n".join(space_files) + "\n")
-
-          nodir_files = [file for file in cpp_files if file.count(os.sep) != 1]
-          if nodir_files:
-            print(f"{len(nodir_files)} files are not in one and only one directory:")
-            print("\n".join(nodir_files) + "\n")
-
-          bad_files = len(upper_files + space_files + nodir_files)
-          if bad_files:
-            sys.exit(bad_files)
+        shell: bash
+        run: python3 scripts/file_linter.py
       - name: Commit and push changes
         run: |
           git diff DIRECTORY.md

.github/workflows/directory_writer.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+name: Directory writer
+on:
+  schedule:
+  #        ┌───────────── minute (0 - 59)
+  #        │  ┌───────────── hour (0 - 23)
+  #        │  │ ┌───────────── day of the month (1 - 31)
+  #        │  │ │ ┌───────────── month (1 - 12 or JAN-DEC)
+  #        │  │ │ │ ┌───────────── day of the week (0 - 6 or SUN-SAT)
+  #        │  │ │ │ │
+  #        │  │ │ │ │
+  #        │  │ │ │ │
+  #        *  * * * *
+  - cron: '0 0 * * *'
+jobs:
+  build:
+    if: github.repository == 'TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus' # We only need this to run in our repository.
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Build directory
+        uses: TheAlgorithms/scripts/directory_md@main
+        with:
+          language: C-Plus-Plus
+          working-directory: .
+          filetypes: .cpp,.hpp,.h
+          ignored-directories: doc/

.gitignore

@@ -35,3 +35,4 @@ a.out
 *.app
 
 build/
+git_diff.txt

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -59,6 +59,33 @@
     "stdexcept": "cpp",
     "streambuf": "cpp",
     "typeinfo": "cpp",
-    "valarray": "cpp"
+    "valarray": "cpp",
+    "bit": "cpp",
+    "charconv": "cpp",
+    "compare": "cpp",
+    "concepts": "cpp",
+    "format": "cpp",
+    "forward_list": "cpp",
+    "ios": "cpp",
+    "locale": "cpp",
+    "queue": "cpp",
+    "stack": "cpp",
+    "xfacet": "cpp",
+    "xhash": "cpp",
+    "xiosbase": "cpp",
+    "xlocale": "cpp",
+    "xlocbuf": "cpp",
+    "xlocinfo": "cpp",
+    "xlocmes": "cpp",
+    "xlocmon": "cpp",
+    "xlocnum": "cpp",
+    "xloctime": "cpp",
+    "xmemory": "cpp",
+    "xstddef": "cpp",
+    "xstring": "cpp",
+    "xtr1common": "cpp",
+    "xtree": "cpp",
+    "xutility": "cpp",
+    "climits": "cpp"
   }
 }

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.9)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)
 project(Algorithms_in_C++
     LANGUAGES CXX
     VERSION 1.0.0
@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ add_subdirectory(machine_learning)
 add_subdirectory(numerical_methods)
 add_subdirectory(graph)
 add_subdirectory(divide_and_conquer)
+add_subdirectory(games)
+add_subdirectory(cpu_scheduling_algorithms)
+add_subdirectory(physics)
 
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0054 NEW)
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0057 NEW)

DIRECTORY.md

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
   * [Count Of Trailing Ciphers In Factorial N](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/bit_manipulation/count_of_trailing_ciphers_in_factorial_n.cpp)
   * [Find Non Repeating Number](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/bit_manipulation/find_non_repeating_number.cpp)
   * [Hamming Distance](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/bit_manipulation/hamming_distance.cpp)
+  * [next higher number with same number of set bits](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/bit_manipulation/next_higher_number_with_same_number_of_set_bits.cpp)
   * [Power Of 2](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/bit_manipulation/power_of_2.cpp)
   * [Set Kth Bit](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/bit_manipulation/set_kth_bit.cpp)
   * [Travelling Salesman Using Bit Manipulation](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/bit_manipulation/travelling_salesman_using_bit_manipulation.cpp)
@@ -120,6 +121,9 @@
   * [Tree Height](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/dynamic_programming/tree_height.cpp)
   * [Word Break](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/dynamic_programming/word_break.cpp)
 
+## Games
+  * [Memory Game](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/games/memory_game.cpp)
+
 ## Geometry
   * [Graham Scan Algorithm](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/geometry/graham_scan_algorithm.cpp)
   * [Graham Scan Functions](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/geometry/graham_scan_functions.hpp)
@@ -168,6 +172,7 @@
   * [Md5](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/hashing/md5.cpp)
   * [Quadratic Probing Hash Table](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/hashing/quadratic_probing_hash_table.cpp)
   * [Sha1](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/hashing/sha1.cpp)
+  * [Sha256](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/hashing/sha256.cpp)
 
 ## Machine Learning
   * [A Star Search](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/machine_learning/a_star_search.cpp)
@@ -289,6 +294,7 @@
   * [Happy Number](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/others/happy_number.cpp)
   * [Iterative Tree Traversals](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/others/iterative_tree_traversals.cpp)
   * [Kadanes3](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/others/kadanes3.cpp)
+  * [Kelvin To Celsius](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/others/kelvin_to_celsius.cpp)
   * [Lru Cache](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/others/lru_cache.cpp)
   * [Matrix Exponentiation](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/others/matrix_exponentiation.cpp)
   * [Palindrome Of Number](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/blob/HEAD/others/palindrome_of_number.cpp)

README.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ This repository is a collection of open-source implementation of a variety of al
 * The repository provides implementations of various algorithms in one of the most fundamental general purpose languages - [C++](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B).
 * Well documented source code with detailed explanations provide a valuable resource for educators and students alike.
 * Each source code is atomic using [STL classes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Template_Library) and _no external libraries_ are required for their compilation and execution. Thus, the fundamentals of the algorithms can be studied in much depth.
-* Source codes are [compiled and tested](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Awesome+CI+Workflow%22) for every commit on the latest versions of three major operating systems viz., Windows, MacOS and Ubuntu (Linux) using MSVC 16 2019, AppleClang 11.0 and GNU 7.5.0 respectively. 
+* Source codes are [compiled and tested](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Awesome+CI+Workflow%22) for every commit on the latest versions of three major operating systems viz., Windows, MacOS, and Ubuntu (Linux) using MSVC 19 2022, AppleClang 14.0.0, and GNU 11.3.0 respectively. 
 * Strict adherence to [C++11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B11) standard ensures portability of code to embedded systems as well like ESP32, ARM Cortex, etc. with little to no changes.
 * Self-checks within programs ensure correct implementations with confidence.
 * Modular implementations and OpenSource licensing enable the functions to be utilized conveniently in other applications.

bit_manipulation/next_higher_number_with_same_number_of_set_bits.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @brief [Next higher number with same number of set bits]
+ * (https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/next-higher-number-with-same-number-of-set-bits/)
+ * implementation
+ *
+ * @details
+ * Given a number x, find next number with same number of 1 bits in it’s binary
+ * representation. For example, consider x = 12, whose binary representation is
+ * 1100 (excluding leading zeros on 32 bit machine). It contains two logic 1
+ * bits. The next higher number with two logic 1 bits is 17 (100012).
+ *
+ * A binary number consists of two digits. They are 0 & 1. Digit 1 is known as
+ * set bit in computer terms.
+ * @author [Kunal Nayak](https://github.com/Kunal766)
+ */
+
+#include <cassert>   /// for assert
+#include <iostream>  /// for IO operations
+
+/**
+ * @namespace bit_manipulation
+ * @brief Bit manipulation algorithms
+ */
+namespace bit_manipulation {
+
+/**
+ * @brief The main function implements checking the next number
+ * @param x the number that will be calculated
+ * @returns a number
+ */
+uint64_t next_higher_number(uint64_t x) {
+    uint64_t rightOne = 0;
+    uint64_t nextHigherOneBit = 0;
+    uint64_t rightOnesPattern = 0;
+
+    uint64_t next = 0;
+
+    if (x) {
+        // right most set bit
+        rightOne = x & -static_cast<signed>(x);
+
+        // reset the pattern and set next higher bit
+        // left part of x will be here
+        nextHigherOneBit = x + rightOne;
+
+        // nextHigherOneBit is now part [D] of the above explanation.
+
+        // isolate the pattern
+        rightOnesPattern = x ^ nextHigherOneBit;
+
+        // right adjust pattern
+        rightOnesPattern = (rightOnesPattern) / rightOne;
+
+        // correction factor
+        rightOnesPattern >>= 2;
+
+        // rightOnesPattern is now part [A] of the above explanation.
+
+        // integrate new pattern (Add [D] and [A])
+        next = nextHigherOneBit | rightOnesPattern;
+    }
+
+    return next;
+}
+
+}  // namespace bit_manipulation
+
+/**
+ * @brief Self-test implementations
+ * @returns void
+ */
+static void test() {
+    // x = 4 return 8
+    assert(bit_manipulation::next_higher_number(4) == 8);
+    // x = 6 return 9
+    assert(bit_manipulation::next_higher_number(6) == 9);
+    // x = 13 return 14
+    assert(bit_manipulation::next_higher_number(13) == 14);
+    // x = 64 return 128
+    assert(bit_manipulation::next_higher_number(64) == 128);
+    // x = 15 return 23
+    assert(bit_manipulation::next_higher_number(15) == 23);
+    // x= 32 return 64
+    assert(bit_manipulation::next_higher_number(32) == 64);
+    // x = 97 return 98
+    assert(bit_manipulation::next_higher_number(97) == 98);
+    // x = 1024 return 2048
+    assert(bit_manipulation::next_higher_number(1024) == 2048);
+
+    std::cout << "All test cases have successfully passed!" << std::endl;
+}
+/**
+ * @brief Main function
+ * @returns 0 on exit
+ */
+int main() {
+    test();  // run self-test implementations
+    return 0;
+}

cpu_scheduling_algorithms/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# If necessary, use the RELATIVE flag, otherwise each source file may be listed
+# with full pathname. The RELATIVE flag makes it easier to extract an executable's name
+# automatically.
+
+file( GLOB APP_SOURCES RELATIVE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} *.cpp )
+foreach( testsourcefile ${APP_SOURCES} )
+    string( REPLACE ".cpp" "" testname ${testsourcefile} ) # File type. Example: `.cpp`
+    add_executable( ${testname} ${testsourcefile} )
+
+    set_target_properties(${testname} PROPERTIES LINKER_LANGUAGE CXX)
+    if(OpenMP_CXX_FOUND)
+        target_link_libraries(${testname} OpenMP::OpenMP_CXX)
+    endif()
+    install(TARGETS ${testname} DESTINATION "bin/cpu_scheduling_algorithms") # Folder name. Do NOT include `<>`
+
+endforeach( testsourcefile ${APP_SOURCES} )