feat: add rust solution to lc problem: No.0847 (doocs#1638)

Author: xzhseh

solution/0800-0899/0847.Shortest Path Visiting All Nodes/README.md

@@ -285,6 +285,45 @@ public:
 };
 ```
 
+### **Rust**
+
+```rust
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+
+impl Solution {
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn shortest_path_length(graph: Vec<Vec<i32>>) -> i32 {
+        let n = graph.len();
+        let mut vis = vec![vec![false; 1 << n]; n];
+        let mut q = VecDeque::new();
+
+        // Initialize the queue
+        for i in 0..n {
+            q.push_back(((i, 1 << i), 0));
+            vis[i][1 << i] = true;
+        }
+
+        // Begin BFS
+        while !q.is_empty() {
+            let ((i, st), count) = q.pop_front().unwrap();
+            if st == ((1 << n) - 1) {
+                return count;
+            }
+            // If the path has not been visited
+            for j in &graph[i] {
+                let nst = st | (1 << *j);
+                if !vis[*j as usize][nst] {
+                    q.push_back(((*j as usize, nst), count + 1));
+                    vis[*j as usize][nst] = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        -1
+    }
+}
+```
+
 ### **Go**
 
 ```go

solution/0800-0899/0847.Shortest Path Visiting All Nodes/README_EN.md

@@ -247,6 +247,45 @@ public:
 };
 ```
 
+### **Rust**
+
+```rust
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+
+impl Solution {
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn shortest_path_length(graph: Vec<Vec<i32>>) -> i32 {
+        let n = graph.len();
+        let mut vis = vec![vec![false; 1 << n]; n];
+        let mut q = VecDeque::new();
+
+        // Initialize the queue
+        for i in 0..n {
+            q.push_back(((i, 1 << i), 0));
+            vis[i][1 << i] = true;
+        }
+
+        // Begin BFS
+        while !q.is_empty() {
+            let ((i, st), count) = q.pop_front().unwrap();
+            if st == ((1 << n) - 1) {
+                return count;
+            }
+            // If the path has not been visited
+            for j in &graph[i] {
+                let nst = st | (1 << *j);
+                if !vis[*j as usize][nst] {
+                    q.push_back(((*j as usize, nst), count + 1));
+                    vis[*j as usize][nst] = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        -1
+    }
+}
+```
+
 ### **Go**
 
 ```go

solution/0800-0899/0847.Shortest Path Visiting All Nodes/Solution.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+
+impl Solution {
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn shortest_path_length(graph: Vec<Vec<i32>>) -> i32 {
+        let n = graph.len();
+        let mut vis = vec![vec![false; 1 << n]; n];
+        let mut q = VecDeque::new();
+
+        // Initialize the queue
+        for i in 0..n {
+            q.push_back(((i, 1 << i), 0));
+            vis[i][1 << i] = true;
+        }
+
+        // Begin BFS
+        while !q.is_empty() {
+            let ((i, st), count) = q.pop_front().unwrap();
+            if st == ((1 << n) - 1) {
+                return count;
+            }
+            // If the path has not been visited
+            for j in &graph[i] {
+                let nst = st | (1 << *j);
+                if !vis[*j as usize][nst] {
+                    q.push_back(((*j as usize, nst), count + 1));
+                    vis[*j as usize][nst] = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        -1
+    }
+}