Solution3.py

# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def preorderTraversal(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[int]:
        ans = []
        while root:
            if root.left is None:
                ans.append(root.val)
                root = root.right
            else:
                prev = root.left
                while prev.right and prev.right != root:
                    prev = prev.right
                if prev.right is None:
                    ans.append(root.val)
                    prev.right = root
                    root = root.left
                else:
                    prev.right = None
                    root = root.right
        return ans