diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/.gitignore b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c3629e64 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +node_modules diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/main.mjs b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/main.mjs new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6ead33272 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/main.mjs @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +import express from "express"; +import { readFileSync } from "node:fs"; + +const app = express(); +app.use((request, response) => { + response.send(readFileSync("./static" + request.path, "utf-8")); +}); +app.listen(3000); diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/package-lock.json b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/package-lock.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23ad945fd --- /dev/null +++ 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subへ + + + diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/static/script.js b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/static/script.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c4a5e7948 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/static/script.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +document.write("ここは/です。"); diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/static/sub/index.html b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/static/sub/index.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..df19d1882 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/static/sub/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + + + + + Title + + + + + diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/static/sub/script.js b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/static/sub/script.js new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc9bc01a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/app-use/static/sub/script.js @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +document.write("ここは/sub/です。"); diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/express-server/main.mjs b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/express-server/main.mjs index 1a1e77f81..67c358969 100644 --- a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/express-server/main.mjs +++ b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/express-server/main.mjs @@ -2,7 +2,10 @@ import express from "express"; const app = express(); app.get("/", (request, response) => { - response.send("Hello World"); + response.send(`Hello World! 日本語`); +}); +app.get("/lang/ja", (request, response) => { + response.send("こんにちは、世界！"); }); app.listen(3000); diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/html-external-resources/.gitignore b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/html-external-resources/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c3629e64 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/html-external-resources/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +node_modules diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/html-external-resources/main.mjs b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/html-external-resources/main.mjs new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ce75f95f --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/html-external-resources/main.mjs @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +import express from "express"; +const app = express(); + +app.get("/", (request, response) => { + response.send(``); +}); +app.get("/script.js", (request, response) => { + response.send(`document.write("Hello World!");`); +}); + +app.listen(3000); diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/html-external-resources/package-lock.json b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/html-external-resources/package-lock.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..23ad945fd --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/html-external-resources/package-lock.json @@ -0,0 +1,657 @@ +{ + "name": "express-server", + "version": "1.0.0", + "lockfileVersion": 3, + "requires": true, + "packages": { + "": { + "name": "express-server", + "version": "1.0.0", + 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b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/html-external-resources/package.json new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca0915d04 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/html-external-resources/package.json @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +{ + "name": "express-server", + "version": "1.0.0", + "main": "main.mjs", + "scripts": { + "start": "node main.mjs" + }, + "license": "MIT", + "dependencies": { + "express": "^4.18.2" + } +} diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/http-server/main.mjs b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/http-server/main.mjs deleted file mode 100644 index f26721916..000000000 --- a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/_samples/http-server/main.mjs +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -import { Server } from "http"; - -const server = new Server(); - -server.addListener("request", (request, response) => { - response.write("Hello World"); - response.end(); -}); - -server.listen(3000); diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/basic-http.png b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/basic-http.png deleted file mode 100644 index 262254375..000000000 Binary files a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/basic-http.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/client-server.drawio.svg b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/client-server.drawio.svg new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2a53a6175 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/client-server.drawio.svg @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + この章で開発する + + + ソフトウェア + + + + + + サーバー + + + (ソフトウェア) + + + + + + インターネット + + + + + + + ブラウザ + + + (Google Chrome など) + + + + + リクエスト + + + + + レスポンス + + + + + + HTML, CSS, + + + JavaScript を含む + + + + + + クライアント + + + (コンピュータ) + + + + + + サーバー + + + (コンピュータ) + + + + + + クライアント + + + (ソフトウェア) + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/express-server.png b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/express-server.png deleted file mode 100644 index a73d8531e..000000000 Binary files a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/express-server.png and /dev/null differ diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/express-setup.mp4 b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/express-setup.mp4 new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31e6fbb14 Binary files /dev/null and b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/express-setup.mp4 differ diff --git a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/index.mdx b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/index.mdx index 3759ce4ec..c7924d02e 100644 --- a/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/index.mdx +++ b/docs/3-web-servers/05-server/index.mdx @@ -2,11 +2,18 @@ title: Express によるサーバー構築 --- +import expressSetupVideo from "./express-setup.mp4"; +import UrlStructureExplanation from "./url-structure-explanation.tsx"; +import RequestResponseSlideShow from "./request-response-slide-show"; + ## ウェブサイトが動作する仕組み -[「Web プログラミングの基礎を学ぼう」](/docs/trial-session/) の章では、ウェブサイトを表示するために HTML ファイルと JavaScript ファイルを作成し、ブラウザから開きました。しかしながら、通常のウェブサイトではこのような手順は踏まず、URL をブラウザに入力することにより閲覧することができます。 +[「Web プログラミングの基礎を学ぼう」](/docs/trial-session/) の章では、ウェブサイトを表示するために HTML ファイルと JavaScript ファイルを作成し、ブラウザから開きました。 +しかし、一般的なウェブサイトを閲覧する際は、HTML ファイルや JavaScript ファイルの存在を意識することはありません。 +これは、Web では、通常インターネットを介してデータをやり取りするためです。 -Web では、通常インターネットを介してデータをやり取りします。インターネットを人間が直接利用することはできないので、何らかのコンピューターを使用しなければなりません。このとき、通常は +インターネットを人間が直接利用することはできないので、何らかのコンピューターを使用しなければなりません。 +このとき、 - **クライアント**: サービスを利用する側のコンピューターや、その上で直接通信を担うソフトウェア - **サーバー**: サービスを提供する側のコンピューターや、その上で直接通信を担うソフトウェア @@ -16,7 +23,21 @@ Web では、通常インターネットを介してデータをやり取りし - **リクエスト**: クライアントからサーバーに対する要求 - **レスポンス**: リクエストに対するサーバーからクライアントへの応答 -のように区別して呼びます。それでは、Node.js で Web サーバーを作ってみましょう。 +のように区別して呼びます。 + +Google Chrome や Safari に代表される**ブラウザ**は、Web におけるクライアントソフトウェアの呼称です。 +Web において、HTML、CSS、JavaScript は、サーバーがクライアントに対してレスポンスとして送信するデータの一部で、ブラウザによって解釈されて表示されます。 + +ここからは、Node.js を用いて、Web サーバーとして動作するソフトウェアを作成していきます。 + +![クライアントとサーバー](./client-server.drawio.svg) + +:::tip[ここまででの教材とのつながり] + +ブラウザは、サーバーと通信して取得した HTML、CSS、JavaScript データを解釈して表示するだけでなく、コンピューター上にファイルの形式で存在している HTML、CSS、JavaScript を表示することもできます。 +ここまでの教材では、サーバーという概念の導入による複雑さを避けるため、この機能を用いて各言語の文法を学んできました。 + +::: ## Express パッケージを用いて Web サーバーを構築する @@ -30,12 +51,15 @@ npm install express 続いて、次のような `main.mjs` を作成しましょう。 -```javascript title="main.mjs" +```javascript title="main.mjs" showLineNumbers import express from "express"; const app = express(); app.get("/", (request, response) => { - response.send("Hello World"); + response.send(`Hello World! 日本語`); +}); +app.get("/lang/ja", (request, response) => { + response.send("こんにちは、世界！"); }); app.listen(3000); @@ -49,61 +73,132 @@ app.listen(3000); node main.mjs ``` -ブラウザで `http://localhost:3000/` にアクセスしてみましょう。ブラウザに `Hello World` と表示されましたか？ +ブラウザで `http://localhost:3000/` にアクセスし、次の動作を確認してください。 + +- `Hello World！ 日本語` が表示されること +- `日本語` をクリックするとアドレスバーが `http://localhost:3000/lang/ja` に変化し `こんにちは、世界！` が表示されること -![サーバー](./express-server.png) +