[stdlib] Implement Never conformance to Codable (swiftlang#64899)

Proposed as SE-0396: Conform Never to Codable;
approved on 5/5/2023.

Author: natecook1000

Diff for: stdlib/public/core/Policy.swift

@@ -75,6 +75,23 @@ extension Never: Identifiable {
   }
 }
 
+@available(SwiftStdlib 5.9, *)
+extension Never: Encodable {
+  @available(SwiftStdlib 5.9, *)
+  public func encode(to encoder: any Encoder) throws {}
+}
+
+@available(SwiftStdlib 5.9, *)
+extension Never: Decodable {
+  @available(SwiftStdlib 5.9, *)
+  public init(from decoder: any Decoder) throws {
+    let context = DecodingError.Context(
+      codingPath: decoder.codingPath,
+      debugDescription: "Unable to decode an instance of Never.")
+    throw DecodingError.typeMismatch(Never.self, context)
+  }
+}
+
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // Standardized aliases
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

Diff for: test/api-digester/stability-stdlib-abi-without-asserts.test

@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ Protocol Error has added inherited protocol Sendable
 Protocol Error has generic signature change from to <Self : Swift.Sendable>
 Constructor _SmallString.init(taggedCocoa:) has mangled name changing from 'Swift._SmallString.init(taggedCocoa: Swift.AnyObject) -> Swift._SmallString' to 'Swift._SmallString.init(taggedCocoa: Swift.AnyObject) -> Swift.Optional<Swift._SmallString>'
 Constructor _SmallString.init(taggedCocoa:) has return type change from Swift._SmallString to Swift._SmallString?
+Enum Never has added a conformance to an existing protocol Decodable
+Enum Never has added a conformance to an existing protocol Encodable
 Enum Never has added a conformance to an existing protocol Identifiable
 
 // These haven't actually been removed; they are simply marked unavailable.

Diff for: test/stdlib/CodableTests.swift

@@ -669,6 +669,20 @@ class TestCodable : TestCodableSuper {
         }
     }
 
+    // MARK: - Never
+    @available(SwiftStdlib 5.9, *)
+    func test_Never() {
+        struct Nope: Codable {
+            var no: Never
+        }
+      
+        do {
+            let neverJSON = Data(#"{"no":"never"}"#.utf8)
+            _ = try JSONDecoder().decode(Nope.self, from: neverJSON)
+            fatalError("Incorrectly decoded `Never` instance.")
+        } catch {}
+    }
+
     // MARK: - NSRange
     lazy var nsrangeValues: [Int : NSRange] = [
         #line : NSRange(),
@@ -1058,6 +1072,10 @@ if #available(SwiftStdlib 5.6, *) {
     tests["test_Dictionary_JSON"] = TestCodable.test_Dictionary_JSON
 }
 
+if #available(SwiftStdlib 5.9, *) {
+    tests["test_Never"] = TestCodable.test_Never
+}
+
 var CodableTests = TestSuite("TestCodable")
 for (name, test) in tests {
     CodableTests.test(name) { test(TestCodable())() }

Diff for: test/stdlib/Never.swift

@@ -11,3 +11,13 @@ _ = ConformsToComparable<Never>()
 
 struct ConformsToHashable<T: Hashable> {}
 _ = ConformsToHashable<Never>()
+
+if #available(SwiftStdlib 5.5, *) {
+  struct ConformsToIdentifiable<T: Identifiable> {}
+  _ = ConformsToIdentifiable<Never>()
+}
+
+if #available(SwiftStdlib 5.9, *) {
+  struct ConformsToCodable<T: Codable> {}
+  _ = ConformsToCodable<Never>()
+}