TypeCheckDecl.cpp

//===--- TypeCheckDecl.cpp - Type Checking for Declarations ---------------===//
//
// This source file is part of the Swift.org open source project
//
// Copyright (c) 2014 - 2018 Apple Inc. and the Swift project authors
// Licensed under Apache License v2.0 with Runtime Library Exception
//
// See https://swift.org/LICENSE.txt for license information
// See https://swift.org/CONTRIBUTORS.txt for the list of Swift project authors
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements semantic analysis for declarations.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "TypeCheckDecl.h"
#include "CodeSynthesis.h"
#include "DerivedConformances.h"
#include "MiscDiagnostics.h"
#include "TypeCheckAccess.h"
#include "TypeCheckAvailability.h"
#include "TypeCheckBitwise.h"
#include "TypeCheckConcurrency.h"
#include "TypeCheckInvertible.h"
#include "TypeCheckObjC.h"
#include "TypeCheckType.h"
#include "TypeChecker.h"
#include "swift/AST/ASTMangler.h"
#include "swift/AST/ASTPrinter.h"
#include "swift/AST/ASTVisitor.h"
#include "swift/AST/ASTWalker.h"
#include "swift/AST/AccessScope.h"
#include "swift/AST/Attr.h"
#include "swift/AST/AvailabilityInference.h"
#include "swift/AST/ClangModuleLoader.h"
#include "swift/AST/ConformanceLookup.h"
#include "swift/AST/Decl.h"
#include "swift/AST/DiagnosticsParse.h"
#include "swift/AST/ExistentialLayout.h"
#include "swift/AST/Expr.h"
#include "swift/AST/ForeignErrorConvention.h"
#include "swift/AST/GenericEnvironment.h"
#include "swift/AST/Initializer.h"
#include "swift/AST/NameLookup.h"
#include "swift/AST/NameLookupRequests.h"
#include "swift/AST/OperatorNameLookup.h"
#include "swift/AST/PrettyStackTrace.h"
#include "swift/AST/PropertyWrappers.h"
#include "swift/AST/ProtocolConformance.h"
#include "swift/AST/SourceFile.h"
#include "swift/AST/Type.h"
#include "swift/AST/TypeCheckRequests.h"
#include "swift/AST/TypeWalker.h"
#include "swift/Basic/Assertions.h"
#include "swift/Basic/Defer.h"
#include "swift/Bridging/ASTGen.h"
#include "swift/ClangImporter/ClangModule.h"
#include "swift/Sema/IDETypeChecking.h"
#include "swift/Serialization/SerializedModuleLoader.h"
#include "swift/Strings.h"
#include "swift/Subsystems.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/APFloat.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/APInt.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/APSInt.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/DenseSet.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Twine.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
#include "llvm/Support/DJB.h"

using namespace swift;

#define DEBUG_TYPE "TypeCheckDecl"

namespace {

/// Used during enum raw value checking to identify duplicate raw values.
/// Character, string, float, and integer literals are all keyed by value.
/// Float and integer literals are additionally keyed by numeric equivalence.
struct RawValueKey {
  enum class Kind : uint8_t {
    String, Float, Int, Bool, Tombstone, Empty
  } kind;
  
  struct IntValueTy {
    uint64_t v0;
    uint64_t v1;

    IntValueTy(const APInt &bits) {
      APInt bits128 = bits.sextOrTrunc(128);
      assert(bits128.getBitWidth() <= 128);
      const uint64_t *data = bits128.getRawData();
      v0 = data[0];
      v1 = data[1];
    }
  };

  struct FloatValueTy {
    uint64_t v0;
    uint64_t v1;
  };

  // FIXME: doesn't accommodate >64-bit or signed raw integer or float values.
  union {
    StringRef stringValue;
    IntValueTy intValue;
    FloatValueTy floatValue;
    bool boolValue;
  };
  
  explicit RawValueKey(LiteralExpr *expr) {
    switch (expr->getKind()) {
    case ExprKind::IntegerLiteral:
      kind = Kind::Int;
      intValue = IntValueTy(cast<IntegerLiteralExpr>(expr)->getValue());
      return;
    case ExprKind::FloatLiteral: {
      APFloat value = cast<FloatLiteralExpr>(expr)->getValue();
      llvm::APSInt asInt(127, /*isUnsigned=*/false);
      bool isExact = false;
      APFloat::opStatus status =
          value.convertToInteger(asInt, APFloat::rmTowardZero, &isExact);
      if (asInt.getBitWidth() <= 128 && status == APFloat::opOK && isExact) {
        kind = Kind::Int;
        intValue = IntValueTy(asInt);
        return;
      }
      APInt bits = value.bitcastToAPInt();
      const uint64_t *data = bits.getRawData();
      if (bits.getBitWidth() == 80) {
        kind = Kind::Float;
        floatValue = FloatValueTy{ data[0], data[1] };
      } else {
        assert(bits.getBitWidth() == 64);
        kind = Kind::Float;
        floatValue = FloatValueTy{ data[0], 0 };
      }
      return;
    }
    case ExprKind::StringLiteral:
      kind = Kind::String;
      stringValue = cast<StringLiteralExpr>(expr)->getValue();
      return;

    case ExprKind::BooleanLiteral:
      kind = Kind::Bool;
      boolValue = cast<BooleanLiteralExpr>(expr)->getValue();
      return;

    default:
      llvm_unreachable("not a valid literal expr for raw value");
    }
  }
  
  explicit RawValueKey(Kind k) : kind(k) {
    assert((k == Kind::Tombstone || k == Kind::Empty)
           && "this ctor is only for creating DenseMap special values");
  }
};
  
/// Used during enum raw value checking to identify the source of a raw value,
/// which may have been derived by auto-incrementing, for diagnostic purposes.
struct RawValueSource {
  /// The decl that has the raw value.
  EnumElementDecl *sourceElt;
  /// If the sourceDecl didn't explicitly name a raw value, this is the most
  /// recent preceding decl with an explicit raw value. This is used to
  /// diagnose 'autoincrementing from' messages.
  EnumElementDecl *lastExplicitValueElt;
};

} // end anonymous namespace

namespace llvm {

template<>
class DenseMapInfo<RawValueKey> {
public:
  static RawValueKey getEmptyKey() {
    return RawValueKey(RawValueKey::Kind::Empty);
  }
  static RawValueKey getTombstoneKey() {
    return RawValueKey(RawValueKey::Kind::Tombstone);
  }
  static unsigned getHashValue(RawValueKey k) {
    switch (k.kind) {
    case RawValueKey::Kind::Float:
      // Hash as bits. We want to treat distinct but IEEE-equal values as not
      // equal.
      return DenseMapInfo<uint64_t>::getHashValue(k.floatValue.v0) ^
             DenseMapInfo<uint64_t>::getHashValue(k.floatValue.v1);
    case RawValueKey::Kind::Int:
      return DenseMapInfo<uint64_t>::getHashValue(k.intValue.v0) &
             DenseMapInfo<uint64_t>::getHashValue(k.intValue.v1);
    case RawValueKey::Kind::String:
      return DenseMapInfo<StringRef>::getHashValue(k.stringValue);
    case RawValueKey::Kind::Bool:
      return DenseMapInfo<uint64_t>::getHashValue(k.boolValue);
    case RawValueKey::Kind::Empty:
    case RawValueKey::Kind::Tombstone:
      return 0;
    }

    llvm_unreachable("Unhandled RawValueKey in switch.");
  }
  static bool isEqual(RawValueKey a, RawValueKey b) {
    if (a.kind != b.kind)
      return false;
    switch (a.kind) {
    case RawValueKey::Kind::Float:
      // Hash as bits. We want to treat distinct but IEEE-equal values as not
      // equal.
      return a.floatValue.v0 == b.floatValue.v0 &&
             a.floatValue.v1 == b.floatValue.v1;
    case RawValueKey::Kind::Int:
      return a.intValue.v0 == b.intValue.v0 &&
             a.intValue.v1 == b.intValue.v1;
    case RawValueKey::Kind::String:
      return a.stringValue == b.stringValue;
    case RawValueKey::Kind::Bool:
      return a.boolValue == b.boolValue;
    case RawValueKey::Kind::Empty:
    case RawValueKey::Kind::Tombstone:
      return true;
    }

    llvm_unreachable("Unhandled RawValueKey in switch.");
  }
};
  
} // namespace llvm

static bool canSkipCircularityCheck(NominalTypeDecl *decl) {
  // Don't bother checking imported or deserialized decls.
  return decl->hasClangNode() || decl->wasDeserialized();
}

bool
HasCircularInheritedProtocolsRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                               ProtocolDecl *decl) const {
  if (canSkipCircularityCheck(decl))
    return false;

  InvertibleProtocolSet inverses;
  bool anyObject = false;
  auto inherited = getDirectlyInheritedNominalTypeDecls(decl, inverses, anyObject);
  for (auto &found : inherited) {
    auto *protoDecl = dyn_cast<ProtocolDecl>(found.Item);
    if (!protoDecl)
      continue;

    // If we have a cycle, handle it and return true.
    auto result = evaluateOrDefault(evaluator,
                                    HasCircularInheritedProtocolsRequest{protoDecl},
                                    true);
    if (result)
      return true;
  }
  return false;
}

bool
HasCircularRawValueRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                     EnumDecl *decl) const {
  if (canSkipCircularityCheck(decl) || !decl->hasRawType())
    return false;

  auto *inherited = decl->getRawType()->getEnumOrBoundGenericEnum();
  if (!inherited)
    return false;

  // If we have a cycle, handle it and return true.
  return evaluateOrDefault(evaluator, HasCircularRawValueRequest{inherited}, true);
}

namespace {
// The raw values of this enum must be kept in sync with
// diag::implicitly_final_cannot_be_open.
enum class ImplicitlyFinalReason : unsigned {
  /// A property was declared with 'let'.
  Let,
  /// The containing class is final.
  FinalClass,
  /// A member was declared as 'static'.
  Static
};
}

static bool inferFinalAndDiagnoseIfNeeded(ValueDecl *D, ClassDecl *cls,
                                          FinalAttr *explicitFinalAttr,
                                          StaticSpellingKind staticSpelling) {
  // Are there any reasons to infer 'final'? Prefer 'static' over the class
  // being final for the purposes of diagnostics.
  std::optional<ImplicitlyFinalReason> reason;
  if (staticSpelling == StaticSpellingKind::KeywordStatic) {
    reason = ImplicitlyFinalReason::Static;

    if (explicitFinalAttr) {
      auto finalRange = explicitFinalAttr->getRange();
      if (finalRange.isValid()) {
        auto &context = D->getASTContext();
        context.Diags.diagnose(finalRange.Start, diag::static_decl_already_final)
        .fixItRemove(finalRange);
      }
    }
  } else if (cls->isFinal()) {
    reason = ImplicitlyFinalReason::FinalClass;
  }

  if (!reason)
    return false;

  if (D->getFormalAccess() == AccessLevel::Open) {
    auto &context = D->getASTContext();
    auto diagID = diag::implicitly_final_cannot_be_open;
    if (!context.isSwiftVersionAtLeast(5))
      diagID = diag::implicitly_final_cannot_be_open_swift4;
    auto inFlightDiag = context.Diags.diagnose(D, diagID,
                                    static_cast<unsigned>(reason.value()));
    fixItAccess(inFlightDiag, D, AccessLevel::Public);
  }

  return true;
}

/// Runtime-replaceable accessors are dynamic when their storage declaration
/// is dynamic and they were explicitly defined or they are implicitly defined
/// getter/setter because no accessor was defined.
static bool doesAccessorNeedDynamicAttribute(AccessorDecl *accessor) {
  auto kind = accessor->getAccessorKind();
  auto storage = accessor->getStorage();
  bool isObjC = storage->isObjC();

  switch (kind) {
  case AccessorKind::Get: {
    auto readImpl = storage->getReadImpl();
    if (!isObjC &&
        (readImpl == ReadImplKind::Read || readImpl == ReadImplKind::Read2 ||
         readImpl == ReadImplKind::Address))
      return false;
    return storage->isDynamic();
  }
  case AccessorKind::DistributedGet: {
    return false;
  }
  case AccessorKind::Set: {
    auto writeImpl = storage->getWriteImpl();
    if (!isObjC && (writeImpl == WriteImplKind::Modify ||
                    writeImpl == WriteImplKind::Modify2 ||
                    writeImpl == WriteImplKind::MutableAddress ||
                    writeImpl == WriteImplKind::StoredWithObservers))
      return false;
    return storage->isDynamic();
  }
  case AccessorKind::Read:
    if (!isObjC && storage->getReadImpl() == ReadImplKind::Read)
      return storage->isDynamic();
    return false;
  case AccessorKind::Read2:
    if (!isObjC && storage->getReadImpl() == ReadImplKind::Read2)
      return storage->isDynamic();
    return false;
  case AccessorKind::Modify: {
    if (!isObjC && storage->getWriteImpl() == WriteImplKind::Modify)
      return storage->isDynamic();
    return false;
  }
  case AccessorKind::Modify2: {
    if (!isObjC && storage->getWriteImpl() == WriteImplKind::Modify2)
      return storage->isDynamic();
    return false;
  }
  case AccessorKind::MutableAddress: {
    if (!isObjC && storage->getWriteImpl() == WriteImplKind::MutableAddress)
      return storage->isDynamic();
    return false;
  }
  case AccessorKind::Address: {
    if (!isObjC && storage->getReadImpl() == ReadImplKind::Address)
      return storage->isDynamic();
    return false;
  }
  case AccessorKind::DidSet:
  case AccessorKind::WillSet:
    if (!isObjC &&
        storage->getWriteImpl() == WriteImplKind::StoredWithObservers)
      return storage->isDynamic();
    return false;
  case AccessorKind::Init:
    return false;
  }
  llvm_unreachable("covered switch");
}

CtorInitializerKind
InitKindRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator, ConstructorDecl *decl) const {
  auto &diags = decl->getASTContext().Diags;
  auto dc = decl->getDeclContext();

  if (auto nominal = dc->getSelfNominalTypeDecl()) {

    // Convenience inits are only allowed on classes and in extensions thereof.
    if (auto convenAttr = decl->getAttrs().getAttribute<ConvenienceAttr>()) {
      if (auto classDecl = dyn_cast<ClassDecl>(nominal)) {
        if (classDecl->isAnyActor()) {
          // For an actor "convenience" is not required, but we'll honor it.
          diags.diagnose(decl->getLoc(),
                diag::no_convenience_keyword_init, "actors")
            .fixItRemove(convenAttr->getLocation())
            .warnInSwiftInterface(dc)
            .warnUntilSwiftVersion(6);

        } else { // not an actor
          // Forbid convenience inits on Foreign CF types, as Swift does not yet
          // support user-defined factory inits.
          if (classDecl->getForeignClassKind() == ClassDecl::ForeignKind::CFType)
            diags.diagnose(decl->getLoc(), diag::cfclass_convenience_init);
        }

      } else { // not a ClassDecl
        auto ConvenienceLoc = convenAttr->getLocation();

        // Produce a tailored diagnostic for structs and enums. They should
        // not have `convenience`.
        bool isStruct = dyn_cast<StructDecl>(nominal) != nullptr;
        if (isStruct || dyn_cast<EnumDecl>(nominal)) {
          diags.diagnose(decl->getLoc(), diag::no_convenience_keyword_init,
                         isStruct ? "structs" : "enums")
            .fixItRemove(ConvenienceLoc);
        } else {
          diags.diagnose(decl->getLoc(), diag::no_convenience_keyword_init,
                         nominal->getName().str())
            .fixItRemove(ConvenienceLoc);
        }
        return CtorInitializerKind::Designated;
      }

      return CtorInitializerKind::Convenience;
    }

    // if there's no `convenience` attribute...

    if (auto classDcl = dyn_cast<ClassDecl>(nominal)) {

      // actors infer whether they are `convenience` from their body kind.
      if (classDcl->isAnyActor()) {
        auto kind = decl->getDelegatingOrChainedInitKind();
        switch (kind.initKind) {
          case BodyInitKind::ImplicitChained:
          case BodyInitKind::Chained:
          case BodyInitKind::None:
            break; // it's designated, we need more checks.

          case BodyInitKind::Delegating:
            return CtorInitializerKind::Convenience;
        }
      }

      // A designated init for a class must be written within the class itself.
      //
      // This is because designated initializers of classes get a vtable entry,
      // and extensions cannot add vtable entries to the extended type.
      //
      // If we implement the ability for extensions defined in the same module
      // (or the same file) to add vtable entries, we can re-evaluate this
      // restriction.
      if (!decl->isSynthesized() &&
          isa<ExtensionDecl>(dc->getImplementedObjCContext()) &&
          !(decl->getAttrs().hasAttribute<DynamicReplacementAttr>())) {

        if (classDcl->getForeignClassKind() == ClassDecl::ForeignKind::CFType) {
          diags.diagnose(decl->getLoc(),
                         diag::designated_init_in_extension_no_convenience_tip,
                         nominal);

          // despite having reported it as an error, say that it is designated.
          return CtorInitializerKind::Designated;

        } else if (classDcl->isAnyActor()) {
          // tailor the diagnostic to not mention `convenience`
          diags.diagnose(decl->getLoc(),
                         diag::designated_init_in_extension_no_convenience_tip,
                         nominal);

        } else {
          diags.diagnose(decl->getLoc(),
                             diag::designated_init_in_extension, nominal)
                 .fixItInsert(decl->getLoc(), "convenience ");
        }

        return CtorInitializerKind::Convenience;
      }
    } // end of Class context
  } // end of Nominal context

  // initializers in protocol extensions must be convenience inits
  if (dc->getExtendedProtocolDecl()) {
    return CtorInitializerKind::Convenience;
  }

  return CtorInitializerKind::Designated;
}

BodyInitKindAndExpr
BodyInitKindRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                              ConstructorDecl *decl) const {

  struct FindReferenceToInitializer : ASTWalker {
    const ConstructorDecl *Decl;
    BodyInitKind Kind = BodyInitKind::None;
    ApplyExpr *InitExpr = nullptr;
    ASTContext &ctx;

    FindReferenceToInitializer(const ConstructorDecl *decl,
                               ASTContext &ctx)
        : Decl(decl), ctx(ctx) { }

    MacroWalking getMacroWalkingBehavior() const override {
      return MacroWalking::Expansion;
    }

    PreWalkAction walkToDeclPre(class Decl *D) override {
      // Don't walk into further nominal decls.
      return Action::SkipNodeIf(isa<NominalTypeDecl>(D));
    }
    
    PreWalkResult<Expr *> walkToExprPre(Expr *E) override {
      // Don't walk into closures.
      if (isa<ClosureExpr>(E))
        return Action::SkipNode(E);

      // Look for calls of a constructor on self or super.
      auto apply = dyn_cast<ApplyExpr>(E);
      if (!apply)
        return Action::Continue(E);

      auto *argList = apply->getArgs();
      auto Callee = apply->getSemanticFn();
      
      Expr *arg;

      if (isa<OtherConstructorDeclRefExpr>(Callee)) {
        arg = argList->getUnaryExpr();
        assert(arg);
      } else if (auto *CRE = dyn_cast<ConstructorRefCallExpr>(Callee)) {
        arg = CRE->getBase();
      } else if (auto *dotExpr = dyn_cast<UnresolvedDotExpr>(Callee)) {
        if (!dotExpr->getName().getBaseName().isConstructor())
          return Action::Continue(E);

        arg = dotExpr->getBase();
      } else {
        // Not a constructor call.
        return Action::Continue(E);
      }

      // Look for a base of 'self' or 'super'.
      arg = arg->getSemanticsProvidingExpr();

      auto myKind = BodyInitKind::None;
      if (arg->isSuperExpr())
        myKind = BodyInitKind::Chained;
      else if (arg->isSelfExprOf(Decl, /*sameBase*/true))
        myKind = BodyInitKind::Delegating;
      else if (auto *declRef = dyn_cast<UnresolvedDeclRefExpr>(arg)) {
        // FIXME: We can see UnresolvedDeclRefExprs here because we have
        // not yet run preCheckTarget() on the entire function body
        // yet.
        //
        // We could consider pre-checking more eagerly.
        auto name = declRef->getName();
        auto loc = declRef->getLoc();
        if (name.isSimpleName(ctx.Id_self)) {
          auto *otherSelfDecl =
            ASTScope::lookupSingleLocalDecl(Decl->getParentSourceFile(),
                                            name.getFullName(), loc);
          if (otherSelfDecl == Decl->getImplicitSelfDecl())
            myKind = BodyInitKind::Delegating;
        }
      }
      
      if (myKind == BodyInitKind::None)
        return Action::Continue(E);

      if (Kind == BodyInitKind::None) {
        Kind = myKind;

        InitExpr = apply;
        return Action::Continue(E);
      }

      // If the kind changed, complain.
      if (Kind != myKind) {
        // The kind changed. Complain.
        ctx.Diags.diagnose(E->getLoc(), diag::init_delegates_and_chains);
        ctx.Diags.diagnose(InitExpr->getLoc(), diag::init_delegation_or_chain,
                           Kind == BodyInitKind::Chained);
      }

      return Action::Continue(E);
    }
  };

  auto &ctx = decl->getASTContext();
  FindReferenceToInitializer finder(decl, ctx);
  if (auto *body = decl->getBody())
    body->walk(finder);

  // get the kind out of the finder.
  auto Kind = finder.Kind;

  auto *NTD = decl->getDeclContext()->getSelfNominalTypeDecl();

  // Protocol extension and enum initializers are always delegating.
  if (Kind == BodyInitKind::None) {
    if (isa<ProtocolDecl>(NTD) || isa<EnumDecl>(NTD)) {
      Kind = BodyInitKind::Delegating;
    }
  }

  // Struct initializers that cannot see the layout of the struct type are
  // always delegating. This occurs if the struct type is not fixed layout,
  // and the constructor is either inlinable or defined in another module.
  if (Kind == BodyInitKind::None && isa<StructDecl>(NTD)) {
    // Note: This is specifically not using isFormallyResilient. We relax this
    // rule for structs in non-resilient modules so that they can have inlinable
    // constructors, as long as those constructors don't reference private
    // declarations.
    if (NTD->isResilient() &&
        decl->getResilienceExpansion() == ResilienceExpansion::Minimal) {
      Kind = BodyInitKind::Delegating;

    } else if (isa<ExtensionDecl>(decl->getDeclContext())) {
      // Prior to Swift 5, cross-module initializers were permitted to be
      // non-delegating. However, if the struct isn't fixed-layout, we have to
      // be delegating because, well, we don't know the layout.
      // A dynamic replacement is permitted to be non-delegating.
      if (NTD->isResilient() ||
          (ctx.isSwiftVersionAtLeast(5) &&
           !decl->getAttrs().getAttribute<DynamicReplacementAttr>())) {
        if (decl->getParentModule() != NTD->getParentModule())
          Kind = BodyInitKind::Delegating;
      }
    }
  }

  // If we didn't find any delegating or chained initializers, check whether
  // the initializer was explicitly marked 'convenience'.
  if (Kind == BodyInitKind::None &&
      decl->getAttrs().hasAttribute<ConvenienceAttr>())
    Kind = BodyInitKind::Delegating;

  // If we still don't know, check whether we have a class with a superclass: it
  // gets an implicit chained initializer.
  if (Kind == BodyInitKind::None) {
    if (auto classDecl = decl->getDeclContext()->getSelfClassDecl()) {
      if (classDecl->hasSuperclass())
        Kind = BodyInitKind::ImplicitChained;
    }
  }

  return BodyInitKindAndExpr(Kind, finder.InitExpr);
}

bool
ProtocolRequiresClassRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                       ProtocolDecl *decl) const {
  // Quick check: @objc protocols require a class.
  if (decl->isObjC())
    return true;

  // Determine the set of nominal types that this protocol inherits.
  InvertibleProtocolSet inverses;
  bool anyObject = false;
  auto allInheritedNominals =
    getDirectlyInheritedNominalTypeDecls(decl, inverses, anyObject);

  // Quick check: do we inherit AnyObject?
  if (anyObject)
    return true;

  // Look through all of the inherited nominals for a superclass or a
  // class-bound protocol.
  for (const auto &found : allInheritedNominals) {
    // Superclass bound.
    if (isa<ClassDecl>(found.Item))
      return true;

    // A protocol that might be class-constrained.
    if (auto proto = dyn_cast<ProtocolDecl>(found.Item)) {
      if (proto->requiresClass())
        return true;
    }
  }

  return false;
}

bool
ExistentialConformsToSelfRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                           ProtocolDecl *decl) const {
  // Marker protocols always self-conform.
  if (decl->isMarkerProtocol()) {
    // Except for BitwiseCopyable an existential of which is not bitwise
    // copyable.
    if (decl->getKnownProtocolKind() == KnownProtocolKind::BitwiseCopyable) {
      return false;
    }
    return true;
  }

  // Otherwise, if it's not @objc, it conforms to itself only if it has a
  // self-conformance witness table.
  if (!decl->isObjC())
    return decl->requiresSelfConformanceWitnessTable();

  // Check whether this protocol conforms to itself.
  for (auto member : decl->getMembers()) {
    if (member->isInvalid()) continue;

    if (auto vd = dyn_cast<ValueDecl>(member)) {
      // A protocol cannot conform to itself if it has static members.
      if (!vd->isInstanceMember())
        return false;
    }
  }

  // Check whether any of the inherited protocols fail to conform to themselves.
  for (auto proto : decl->getInheritedProtocols()) {
    if (!proto->existentialConformsToSelf())
      return false;
  }

  return true;
}

ArrayRef<AssociatedTypeDecl *>
PrimaryAssociatedTypesRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                        ProtocolDecl *decl) const {
  SmallVector<AssociatedTypeDecl *, 2> assocTypes;

  if (decl->hasLazyPrimaryAssociatedTypes()) {
    auto &ctx = decl->getASTContext();
    auto contextData = static_cast<LazyProtocolData *>(
        ctx.getOrCreateLazyContextData(decl, nullptr));

    contextData->loader->loadPrimaryAssociatedTypes(
        decl, contextData->primaryAssociatedTypesData, assocTypes);

    return decl->getASTContext().AllocateCopy(assocTypes);
  }

  llvm::SmallDenseSet<Identifier, 2> assocTypeNames;

  for (auto pair : decl->getPrimaryAssociatedTypeNames()) {
    if (!assocTypeNames.insert(pair.first).second) {
      auto &ctx = decl->getASTContext();
      ctx.Diags.diagnose(pair.second,
                         diag::protocol_declares_duplicate_primary_assoc_type,
                         pair.first);
      continue;
    }

    SmallVector<ValueDecl *, 2> result;

    decl->lookupQualified(ArrayRef<NominalTypeDecl *>(decl),
                          DeclNameRef(pair.first), decl->getLoc(),
                          NL_QualifiedDefault | NL_OnlyTypes,
                          result);

    AssociatedTypeDecl *bestAssocType = nullptr;
    for (auto *decl : result) {
      if (auto *assocType = dyn_cast<AssociatedTypeDecl>(decl)) {
        if (bestAssocType == nullptr ||
            TypeDecl::compare(assocType, bestAssocType) < 0) {
          bestAssocType = assocType;
        }
      }
    }

    if (bestAssocType == nullptr) {
      auto &ctx = decl->getASTContext();
      ctx.Diags.diagnose(pair.second,
                         diag::protocol_declares_unknown_primary_assoc_type,
                         pair.first, decl->getDeclaredInterfaceType());
      continue;
    }

    assocTypes.push_back(bestAssocType);
  }

  return decl->getASTContext().AllocateCopy(assocTypes);
}

bool
IsFinalRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator, ValueDecl *decl) const {
  auto explicitFinalAttr = decl->getAttrs().getAttribute<FinalAttr>();
  if (isa<ClassDecl>(decl))
    return explicitFinalAttr;

  auto cls = decl->getDeclContext()->getSelfClassDecl();
  if (!cls)
    return false;

  switch (decl->getKind()) {
    case DeclKind::Var: {
      // Properties are final if they are declared 'static' or a 'let'
      auto *VD = cast<VarDecl>(decl);

      // Backing storage for 'lazy' or property wrappers is always final.
      if (VD->isLazyStorageProperty() ||
          VD->getOriginalWrappedProperty(PropertyWrapperSynthesizedPropertyKind::Backing))
        return true;

      // Property wrapper storage wrappers are final if the original property
      // is final.
      if (auto *original = VD->getOriginalWrappedProperty(
            PropertyWrapperSynthesizedPropertyKind::Projection)) {
        if (original->isFinal())
          return true;
      }

      if (VD->getDeclContext()->getSelfClassDecl()) {
        // If this variable is a class member, mark it final if the
        // class is final, or if it was declared with 'let'.
        auto *PBD = VD->getParentPatternBinding();
        if (PBD && inferFinalAndDiagnoseIfNeeded(decl, cls, explicitFinalAttr,
                                                 PBD->getStaticSpelling()))
          return true;

        if (VD->isLet()) {
          // If this `let` is in an `@_objcImplementation extension`, don't
          // infer `final` unless it is written explicitly.
          auto ed = dyn_cast<ExtensionDecl>(VD->getDeclContext());
          if (!explicitFinalAttr && ed && ed->isObjCImplementation())
            return false;

          if (VD->getFormalAccess() == AccessLevel::Open) {
            auto &context = decl->getASTContext();
            auto diagID = diag::implicitly_final_cannot_be_open;
            if (!context.isSwiftVersionAtLeast(5))
              diagID = diag::implicitly_final_cannot_be_open_swift4;
            auto inFlightDiag =
              context.Diags.diagnose(decl, diagID,
                                     static_cast<unsigned>(ImplicitlyFinalReason::Let));
            fixItAccess(inFlightDiag, decl, AccessLevel::Public);
          }

          return true;
        }
      }

      break;
    }

    case DeclKind::Func: {
      // Methods declared 'static' are final.
      auto staticSpelling = cast<FuncDecl>(decl)->getStaticSpelling();
      if (inferFinalAndDiagnoseIfNeeded(decl, cls, explicitFinalAttr,
                                        staticSpelling))
        return true;
      break;
    }

    case DeclKind::Accessor:
      if (auto accessor = dyn_cast<AccessorDecl>(decl)) {
        switch (accessor->getAccessorKind()) {
          case AccessorKind::DidSet:
          case AccessorKind::WillSet:
            // Observing accessors are marked final if in a class.
            return true;

          case AccessorKind::Read:
          case AccessorKind::Modify:
          case AccessorKind::Get:
          case AccessorKind::DistributedGet:
          case AccessorKind::Set: {
            // Coroutines and accessors are final if their storage is.
            auto storage = accessor->getStorage();
            if (storage->isFinal())
              return true;
            break;
          }

          default:
            break;
        }
      }
      break;

    case DeclKind::Subscript: {
      // Member subscripts.
      auto staticSpelling = cast<SubscriptDecl>(decl)->getStaticSpelling();
      if (inferFinalAndDiagnoseIfNeeded(decl, cls, explicitFinalAttr,
                                        staticSpelling))
        return true;
      break;
    }

    default:
      break;
  }

  return explicitFinalAttr;
}

bool
IsStaticRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator, FuncDecl *decl) const {
  if (auto *accessor = dyn_cast<AccessorDecl>(decl))
    return accessor->getStorage()->isStatic();

  bool result = (decl->getStaticLoc().isValid() ||
                 decl->getStaticSpelling() != StaticSpellingKind::None);
  auto *dc = decl->getDeclContext();
  if (!result &&
      decl->isOperator() &&
      dc->isTypeContext()) {
    const auto operatorName = decl->getBaseIdentifier();
    if (auto ED = dyn_cast<ExtensionDecl>(dc->getAsDecl())) {
      decl->diagnose(diag::nonstatic_operator_in_extension, operatorName,
                     ED->getExtendedTypeRepr() != nullptr,
                     ED->getExtendedTypeRepr())
          .fixItInsert(decl->getAttributeInsertionLoc(/*forModifier=*/true),
                       "static ");
    } else {
      auto *NTD = cast<NominalTypeDecl>(dc->getAsDecl());
      decl->diagnose(diag::nonstatic_operator_in_nominal, operatorName, NTD)
          .fixItInsert(decl->getAttributeInsertionLoc(/*forModifier=*/true),
                       "static ");
    }
    result = true;
  }

  return result;
}

bool
IsDynamicRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator, ValueDecl *decl) const {
  // If we can't infer dynamic here, don't.
  if (!DeclAttribute::canAttributeAppearOnDecl(DeclAttrKind::Dynamic, decl))
    return false;

  // Add dynamic if -enable-implicit-dynamic was requested.
  TypeChecker::addImplicitDynamicAttribute(decl);

  // If 'dynamic' was explicitly specified, check it.
  if (decl->getAttrs().hasAttribute<DynamicAttr>()) {
    return true;
  }

  if (auto accessor = dyn_cast<AccessorDecl>(decl)) {
    // Runtime-replaceable accessors are dynamic when their storage declaration
    // is dynamic and they were explicitly defined or they are implicitly defined
    // getter/setter because no accessor was defined.
    return doesAccessorNeedDynamicAttribute(accessor);
  }

  // The 'NSManaged' attribute implies 'dynamic'.
  // FIXME: Use a semantic check for NSManaged rather than looking for the
  // attribute (which could be ill-formed).
  if (decl->getAttrs().hasAttribute<NSManagedAttr>())
    return true;

  // The presence of 'final' blocks the inference of 'dynamic'.
  if (decl->isSemanticallyFinal())
    return false;

  // Types are never 'dynamic'.
  if (isa<TypeDecl>(decl))
    return false;

  // A non-@objc entity is never 'dynamic'.
  if (!decl->isObjC())
    return false;

  // @objc declarations in class extensions are implicitly dynamic.
  // This is intended to enable overriding the declarations.
  auto dc = decl->getDeclContext();
  if (isa<ExtensionDecl>(dc) && dc->getSelfClassDecl())
    return true;

  // If any of the declarations overridden by this declaration are dynamic
  // or were imported from Objective-C, this declaration is dynamic.
  // Don't do this if the declaration is not exposed to Objective-C; that's
  // currently the (only) manner in which one can make an override of a
  // dynamic declaration non-dynamic.
  auto overriddenDecls = evaluateOrDefault(evaluator,
    OverriddenDeclsRequest{decl}, {});
  for (auto overridden : overriddenDecls) {
    if (overridden->isDynamic() || overridden->hasClangNode())
      return true;
  }

  return false;
}

Type
DefaultDefinitionTypeRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                       AssociatedTypeDecl *assocType) const {
  auto &ctx = assocType->getASTContext();
  if (auto *data = static_cast<LazyAssociatedTypeData *>(
          ctx.getLazyContextData(assocType))) {
    return data->loader->loadAssociatedTypeDefault(
        assocType, data->defaultDefinitionTypeData);
  }

  TypeRepr *defaultDefinition = assocType->getDefaultDefinitionTypeRepr();
  if (defaultDefinition) {
    return TypeResolution::forInterface(assocType->getDeclContext(),
                                        std::nullopt,
                                        // Diagnose unbound generics and
                                        // placeholders.
                                        /*unboundTyOpener*/ nullptr,
                                        /*placeholderHandler*/ nullptr,
                                        /*packElementOpener*/ nullptr)
        .resolveType(defaultDefinition);
  }

  return Type();
}

bool
NeedsNewVTableEntryRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                     AbstractFunctionDecl *decl) const {
  auto *dc = decl->getDeclContext();

  if (!isa<ClassDecl>(dc->getImplementedObjCContext()))
    return false;

  // Destructors always use a fixed vtable entry.
  if (isa<DestructorDecl>(decl))
    return false;
  
  assert(isa<FuncDecl>(decl) || isa<ConstructorDecl>(decl));

  // Final members are always be called directly.
  // Dynamic methods are always accessed by objc_msgSend().
  if (decl->isFinal() || decl->shouldUseObjCDispatch() || decl->hasClangNode())
    return false;

  auto &ctx = dc->getASTContext();

  // Initializers are not normally inherited, but required initializers can
  // be overridden for invocation from dynamic types, and convenience initializers
  // are conditionally inherited when all designated initializers are available,
  // working by dynamically invoking the designated initializer implementation
  // from the subclass. Convenience initializers can also override designated
  // initializer implementations from their superclass.
  if (auto ctor = dyn_cast<ConstructorDecl>(decl)) {
    if (!ctor->isRequired() && !ctor->isDesignatedInit()) {
      return false;
    }

    // Stub constructors don't appear in the vtable.
    if (ctor->hasStubImplementation())
      return false;
  }

  if (auto *accessor = dyn_cast<AccessorDecl>(decl)) {
    // Check to see if it's one of the opaque accessors for the declaration.
    auto storage = accessor->getStorage();
    if (accessor->getAccessorKind() == AccessorKind::DistributedGet) {
      return true;
    }
    if (!storage->requiresOpaqueAccessor(accessor->getAccessorKind()))
      return false;
  }

  auto base = decl->getOverriddenDecl();

  if (!base || base->hasClangNode() || base->shouldUseObjCDispatch())
    return true;

  // As above, convenience initializers are not formally overridable in Swift
  // vtables, although same-named initializers are modeled as overriding for
  // various QoI and objc interop reasons. Even if we "override" a non-required
  // convenience init, we still need a distinct vtable entry.
  if (auto baseCtor = dyn_cast<ConstructorDecl>(base)) {
    if (!baseCtor->isRequired() && !baseCtor->isDesignatedInit()) {
      return true;
    }
  }

  // If the base is less visible than the override, we might need a vtable
  // entry since callers of the override might not be able to see the base
  // at all.
  if (decl->isMoreVisibleThan(base))
    return true;

  using Direction = ASTContext::OverrideGenericSignatureReqCheck;
  if (!ctx.overrideGenericSignatureReqsSatisfied(
          base, decl, Direction::BaseReqSatisfiedByDerived)) {
    return true;
  }

  // If this method is an ABI compatible override, then we don't need a new
  // vtable entry. Otherwise, if it's not ABI compatible, for example if the
  // base has a more general AST type, then we need a new entry. Note that an
  // abstraction change is OK; we don't want to add a whole new vtable entry
  // just because an @in parameter becomes @owned, or whatever.
  auto isABICompatibleOverride =
      evaluateOrDefault(evaluator, IsABICompatibleOverrideRequest{decl}, false);
  return !isABICompatibleOverride;
}

/// Given the raw value literal expression for an enum case, produces the
/// auto-incremented raw value for the subsequent case, or returns null if
/// the value is not auto-incrementable.
static LiteralExpr *getAutomaticRawValueExpr(AutomaticEnumValueKind valueKind,
                                             EnumElementDecl *forElt,
                                             LiteralExpr *prevValue) {
  auto &Ctx = forElt->getASTContext();
  switch (valueKind) {
  case AutomaticEnumValueKind::None:
    Ctx.Diags.diagnose(forElt->getLoc(),
                       diag::enum_non_integer_convertible_raw_type_no_value);
    return nullptr;

  case AutomaticEnumValueKind::String:
    return new (Ctx) StringLiteralExpr(forElt->getNameStr(), SourceLoc(),
                                              /*Implicit=*/true);

  case AutomaticEnumValueKind::Integer:
    // If there was no previous value, start from zero.
    if (!prevValue) {
      return new (Ctx) IntegerLiteralExpr("0", SourceLoc(),
                                                 /*Implicit=*/true);
    }

    if (auto intLit = dyn_cast<IntegerLiteralExpr>(prevValue)) {
      APInt raw = intLit->getRawValue();
      APInt sext = (raw.getBitWidth() < 128 ? raw.sext(128) : raw);
      APInt nextVal = sext + 1;
      bool negative = nextVal.slt(0);
      if (negative)
        nextVal = -nextVal;

      llvm::SmallString<10> nextValStr;
      nextVal.toStringSigned(nextValStr);
      auto expr = new (Ctx)
        IntegerLiteralExpr(Ctx.AllocateCopy(StringRef(nextValStr)),
                           forElt->getLoc(), /*Implicit=*/true);
      if (negative)
        expr->setNegative(forElt->getLoc());

      return expr;
    }

    Ctx.Diags.diagnose(forElt->getLoc(),
                       diag::enum_non_integer_raw_value_auto_increment);
    return nullptr;
  }

  llvm_unreachable("Unhandled AutomaticEnumValueKind in switch.");
}

std::optional<AutomaticEnumValueKind>
swift::computeAutomaticEnumValueKind(EnumDecl *ED) {
  Type rawTy = ED->getRawType();
  assert(rawTy && "Cannot compute value kind without raw type!");
  
  if (ED->getGenericEnvironmentOfContext() != nullptr)
    rawTy = ED->mapTypeIntoContext(rawTy);

  // Swift enums require that the raw type is convertible from one of the
  // primitive literal protocols.
  auto conformsToProtocol = [&](KnownProtocolKind protoKind) {
    return TypeChecker::conformsToKnownProtocol(rawTy, protoKind);
  };

  static auto otherLiteralProtocolKinds = {
    KnownProtocolKind::ExpressibleByFloatLiteral,
    KnownProtocolKind::ExpressibleByUnicodeScalarLiteral,
    KnownProtocolKind::ExpressibleByExtendedGraphemeClusterLiteral,
  };
  
  if (conformsToProtocol(KnownProtocolKind::ExpressibleByIntegerLiteral)) {
    return AutomaticEnumValueKind::Integer;
  } else if (conformsToProtocol(KnownProtocolKind::ExpressibleByStringLiteral)){
    return AutomaticEnumValueKind::String;
  } else if (std::any_of(otherLiteralProtocolKinds.begin(),
                         otherLiteralProtocolKinds.end(),
                         conformsToProtocol)) {
    return AutomaticEnumValueKind::None;
  } else {
    return std::nullopt;
  }
}

evaluator::SideEffect
EnumRawValuesRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &eval, EnumDecl *ED,
                               TypeResolutionStage stage) const {
  Type rawTy = ED->getRawType();
  if (!rawTy) {
    return std::make_tuple<>();
  }
  
  // Avoid computing raw values for enum cases in swiftinterface files since raw
  // values are intentionally omitted from them (unless the enum is @objc).
  // Without bailing here, incorrect raw values can be automatically generated
  // and incorrect diagnostics may be omitted for some decls.
  if (ED->getDeclContext()->isInSwiftinterface() && !ED->isObjC())
    return std::make_tuple<>();

  if (!computeAutomaticEnumValueKind(ED)) {
    return std::make_tuple<>();
  }

  if (ED->getGenericEnvironmentOfContext() != nullptr)
    rawTy = ED->mapTypeIntoContext(rawTy);
  if (rawTy->hasError())
    return std::make_tuple<>();

  // Check the raw values of the cases.
  LiteralExpr *prevValue = nullptr;
  EnumElementDecl *lastExplicitValueElt = nullptr;

  // Keep a map we can use to check for duplicate case values.
  llvm::SmallDenseMap<RawValueKey, RawValueSource, 8> uniqueRawValues;

  // Make the raw member accesses explicit.
  auto uncheckedRawValueOf = [](EnumElementDecl *EED) -> LiteralExpr * {
    return EED->RawValueExpr;
  };

  std::optional<AutomaticEnumValueKind> valueKind;
  for (auto elt : ED->getAllElements()) {
    // If the element has been diagnosed up to now, skip it.
    if (elt->isInvalid())
      continue;

    if (uncheckedRawValueOf(elt)) {
      if (!uncheckedRawValueOf(elt)->isImplicit())
        lastExplicitValueElt = elt;
    } else if (!ED->SemanticFlags.contains(EnumDecl::HasFixedRawValues)) {
      // Try to pull out the automatic enum value kind.  If that fails, bail.
      if (!valueKind) {
        valueKind = computeAutomaticEnumValueKind(ED);
        if (!valueKind) {
          elt->setInvalid();
          return std::make_tuple<>();
        }
      }
      
      // If the enum element has no explicit raw value, try to
      // autoincrement from the previous value, or start from zero if this
      // is the first element.
      auto nextValue = getAutomaticRawValueExpr(*valueKind, elt, prevValue);
      if (!nextValue) {
        elt->setInvalid();
        break;
      }
      elt->setRawValueExpr(nextValue);
    }
    prevValue = uncheckedRawValueOf(elt);
    assert(prevValue && "continued without setting raw value of enum case");

    switch (stage) {
    case TypeResolutionStage::Structural:
      // We're only interested in computing the complete set of raw values,
      // so we can skip type checking.
      continue;
    default:
      // Continue on to type check the raw value.
      break;
    }

    
    {
      Expr *exprToCheck = prevValue;
      if (TypeChecker::typeCheckExpression(
              exprToCheck, ED,
              /*contextualInfo=*/{rawTy, CTP_EnumCaseRawValue})) {
        checkEnumElementActorIsolation(elt, exprToCheck);
        TypeChecker::checkEnumElementEffects(elt, exprToCheck);
      }
    }

    // If we didn't find a valid initializer (maybe the initial value was
    // incompatible with the raw value type) mark the entry as being erroneous.
    if (!prevValue->getType() || prevValue->getType()->hasError()) {
      elt->setInvalid();
      continue;
    }


    // If the raw values of the enum case are fixed, then we trust our callers
    // to have set things up correctly.  This comes up with imported enums
    // and deserialized @objc enums which always have their raw values setup
    // beforehand.
    if (ED->SemanticFlags.contains(EnumDecl::HasFixedRawValues))
      continue;

    // Using magic literals like #file as raw value is not supported right now.
    // TODO: We could potentially support #file, #function, #line and #column.
    auto &Diags = ED->getASTContext().Diags;
    SourceLoc diagLoc = uncheckedRawValueOf(elt)->isImplicit()
                            ? elt->getLoc()
                            : uncheckedRawValueOf(elt)->getLoc();
    if (auto magicLiteralExpr =
            dyn_cast<MagicIdentifierLiteralExpr>(prevValue)) {
      auto kindString =
          magicLiteralExpr->getKindString(magicLiteralExpr->getKind());
      Diags.diagnose(diagLoc, diag::enum_raw_value_magic_literal, kindString);
      elt->setInvalid();
      continue;
    }

    // Check that the raw value is unique.
    RawValueKey key{prevValue};
    RawValueSource source{elt, lastExplicitValueElt};

    auto insertIterPair = uniqueRawValues.insert({key, source});
    if (insertIterPair.second)
      continue;

    // Diagnose the duplicate value.
    Diags.diagnose(diagLoc, diag::enum_raw_value_not_unique);
    
    if (lastExplicitValueElt != elt &&
        valueKind == AutomaticEnumValueKind::Integer) {
      Diags.diagnose(uncheckedRawValueOf(lastExplicitValueElt)->getLoc(),
                     diag::enum_raw_value_incrementing_from_here);
    }

    RawValueSource prevSource = insertIterPair.first->second;
    auto foundElt = prevSource.sourceElt;
    diagLoc = uncheckedRawValueOf(foundElt)->isImplicit()
        ? foundElt->getLoc() : uncheckedRawValueOf(foundElt)->getLoc();
    Diags.diagnose(diagLoc, diag::enum_raw_value_used_here);
    
    if (foundElt != prevSource.lastExplicitValueElt &&
        valueKind == AutomaticEnumValueKind::Integer) {
      if (prevSource.lastExplicitValueElt)
        Diags.diagnose(uncheckedRawValueOf(prevSource.lastExplicitValueElt)
                         ->getLoc(),
                       diag::enum_raw_value_incrementing_from_here);
      else
        Diags.diagnose(ED->getAllElements().front()->getLoc(),
                       diag::enum_raw_value_incrementing_from_zero);
    }
  }
  return std::make_tuple<>();
}

const ConstructorDecl *
swift::findNonImplicitRequiredInit(const ConstructorDecl *CD) {
  while (CD->isImplicit()) {
    auto *overridden = CD->getOverriddenDecl();
    if (!overridden || !overridden->isRequired())
      break;
    CD = overridden;
  }
  return CD;
}

/// For building the higher-than component of the diagnostic path,
/// we use the visited set, which we've embellished with information
/// about how we reached a particular node.  This is reasonable because
/// we need to maintain the set anyway.
static void buildHigherThanPath(
    PrecedenceGroupDecl *last,
    const llvm::DenseMap<PrecedenceGroupDecl *, PrecedenceGroupDecl *>
        &visitedFrom,
    raw_ostream &out) {
  auto it = visitedFrom.find(last);
  assert(it != visitedFrom.end());
  auto from = it->second;
  if (from) {
    buildHigherThanPath(from, visitedFrom, out);
  }
  out << last->getName() << " -> ";
}

/// For building the lower-than component of the diagnostic path,
/// we just do a depth-first search to find a path.
static bool buildLowerThanPath(PrecedenceGroupDecl *start,
                               PrecedenceGroupDecl *target, raw_ostream &out) {
  if (start == target) {
    out << start->getName();
    return true;
  }

  if (start->isInvalid())
    return false;

  for (auto &rel : start->getLowerThan()) {
    if (rel.Group && buildLowerThanPath(rel.Group, target, out)) {
      out << " -> " << start->getName();
      return true;
    }
  }

  return false;
}

static void checkPrecedenceCircularity(DiagnosticEngine &D,
                                       PrecedenceGroupDecl *PGD) {
  // Don't diagnose if this group is already marked invalid.
  if (PGD->isInvalid())
    return;

  // The cycle doesn't necessarily go through this specific group,
  // so we need a proper visited set to avoid infinite loops.  We
  // also record a back-reference so that we can easily reconstruct
  // the cycle.
  llvm::DenseMap<PrecedenceGroupDecl *, PrecedenceGroupDecl *> visitedFrom;
  SmallVector<PrecedenceGroupDecl *, 4> stack;

  // Fill out the targets set.
  llvm::SmallPtrSet<PrecedenceGroupDecl *, 4> targets;
  stack.push_back(PGD);
  do {
    auto cur = stack.pop_back_val();

    // If we reach an invalid node, just bail out.
    if (cur->isInvalid()) {
      PGD->setInvalid();
      return;
    }

    targets.insert(cur);

    for (auto &rel : cur->getLowerThan()) {
      if (!rel.Group)
        continue;

      // We can't have cycles in the lower-than relationship
      // because it has to point outside of the module.

      stack.push_back(rel.Group);
    }
  } while (!stack.empty());

  // Make sure that the PGD is its own source.
  visitedFrom.insert({PGD, nullptr});

  stack.push_back(PGD);
  do {
    auto cur = stack.pop_back_val();

    // If we reach an invalid node, just bail out.
    if (cur->isInvalid()) {
      PGD->setInvalid();
      return;
    }

    for (auto &rel : cur->getHigherThan()) {
      if (!rel.Group)
        continue;

      // Check whether we've reached a target declaration.
      if (!targets.count(rel.Group)) {
        // If not, check whether we've visited this group before.
        if (visitedFrom.insert({rel.Group, cur}).second) {
          // If not, add it to the queue.
          stack.push_back(rel.Group);
        }

        // Note that we'll silently ignore cycles that don't go through PGD.
        // We should eventually process the groups that are involved.
        continue;
      }

      // Otherwise, we have something to report.
      SmallString<128> path;
      {
        llvm::raw_svector_ostream str(path);

        // Build the higherThan portion of the path (PGD -> cur).
        buildHigherThanPath(cur, visitedFrom, str);

        // Build the lowerThan portion of the path (rel.Group -> PGD).
        buildLowerThanPath(PGD, rel.Group, str);
      }

      D.diagnose(PGD->getHigherThanLoc(),
                 diag::higher_than_precedence_group_cycle, path);
      PGD->setInvalid();
      return;
    }
  } while (!stack.empty());
}

static PrecedenceGroupDecl *lookupPrecedenceGroupForRelation(
    DeclContext *dc, PrecedenceGroupDecl::Relation rel,
    PrecedenceGroupDescriptor::PathDirection direction) {
  auto &ctx = dc->getASTContext();
  PrecedenceGroupDescriptor desc{dc, rel.Name, rel.NameLoc, direction};

  bool hadCycle = false;
  auto result = ctx.evaluator(ValidatePrecedenceGroupRequest{desc},
                              [&hadCycle]() -> TinyPtrVector<PrecedenceGroupDecl *> {
                                hadCycle = true;
                                return {};
                              });
  if (hadCycle) {
    // Handle a cycle error specially. We don't want to default to an empty
    // result, as we don't want to emit an error about not finding a precedence
    // group.
    return nullptr;
  }
  return PrecedenceGroupLookupResult(dc, rel.Name, std::move(result))
      .getSingleOrDiagnose(rel.NameLoc);
}

void swift::validatePrecedenceGroup(PrecedenceGroupDecl *PGD) {
  assert(PGD && "Cannot validate a null precedence group!");
  if (PGD->isInvalid())
    return;

  auto &Diags = PGD->getASTContext().Diags;
  auto *dc = PGD->getDeclContext();

  // Validate the higherThan relationships.
  bool addedHigherThan = false;
  for (auto &rel : PGD->getMutableHigherThan()) {
    if (rel.Group)
      continue;

    // TODO: Requestify the lookup of a relation's group.
    rel.Group = lookupPrecedenceGroupForRelation(
        dc, rel, PrecedenceGroupDescriptor::HigherThan);
    if (rel.Group) {
      addedHigherThan = true;
    } else {
      PGD->setInvalid();
    }
  }

  // Validate the lowerThan relationships.
  for (auto &rel : PGD->getMutableLowerThan()) {
    if (rel.Group)
      continue;

    auto *group = lookupPrecedenceGroupForRelation(
        dc, rel, PrecedenceGroupDescriptor::LowerThan);
    rel.Group = group;

    // If we didn't find anything, try doing a raw lookup for the group before
    // diagnosing the 'lowerThan' within the same-module restriction. This can
    // allow us to diagnose even if we have a precedence group cycle.
    if (!group)
      group = dc->lookupPrecedenceGroup(rel.Name).getSingle();

    if (group &&
        group->getDeclContext()->getParentModule() == dc->getParentModule()) {
      if (!PGD->isInvalid()) {
        Diags.diagnose(rel.NameLoc, diag::precedence_group_lower_within_module);
        Diags.diagnose(group->getNameLoc(), diag::kind_declared_here,
                       DescriptiveDeclKind::PrecedenceGroup);
      }
      PGD->setInvalid();
    }

    if (!rel.Group)
      PGD->setInvalid();
  }

  // Try to diagnose trickier cycles that request evaluation alone can't catch.
  if (addedHigherThan)
    checkPrecedenceCircularity(Diags, PGD);
}

TinyPtrVector<PrecedenceGroupDecl *> ValidatePrecedenceGroupRequest::evaluate(
    Evaluator &eval, PrecedenceGroupDescriptor descriptor) const {
  auto groups = descriptor.dc->lookupPrecedenceGroup(descriptor.ident);
  for (auto *group : groups)
    validatePrecedenceGroup(group);

  // Return the raw results vector, which will get wrapped back in a
  // PrecedenceGroupLookupResult by the TypeChecker entry point. This dance
  // avoids unnecessarily caching the name and context for the lookup.
  return std::move(groups).get();
}

PrecedenceGroupLookupResult
TypeChecker::lookupPrecedenceGroup(DeclContext *dc, Identifier name,
                                   SourceLoc nameLoc) {
  auto groups = evaluateOrDefault(
      dc->getASTContext().evaluator,
      ValidatePrecedenceGroupRequest({dc, name, nameLoc, std::nullopt}), {});
  return PrecedenceGroupLookupResult(dc, name, std::move(groups));
}

/// Validate the given operator declaration.
///
/// This establishes key invariants, such as an InfixOperatorDecl's
/// reference to its precedence group and the transitive validity of that
/// group.
PrecedenceGroupDecl *
OperatorPrecedenceGroupRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                         InfixOperatorDecl *IOD) const {
  auto &ctx = IOD->getASTContext();
  auto *dc = IOD->getDeclContext();

  auto name = IOD->getPrecedenceGroupName();
  if (!name.empty()) {
    auto loc = IOD->getPrecedenceGroupLoc();
    auto groups = TypeChecker::lookupPrecedenceGroup(dc, name, loc);

    if (groups.hasResults() ||
        !ctx.TypeCheckerOpts.EnableOperatorDesignatedTypes)
      return groups.getSingleOrDiagnose(loc);

    // We didn't find the named precedence group and designated types are
    // enabled, so we will assume that it was actually a designated type. Warn
    // and fall through as though `PrecedenceGroupName` had never been set.
    ctx.Diags.diagnose(IOD->getColonLoc(),
                       diag::operator_decl_remove_designated_types)
        .fixItRemove({IOD->getColonLoc(), loc});
  }

  auto groups = TypeChecker::lookupPrecedenceGroup(
      dc, ctx.Id_DefaultPrecedence, SourceLoc());
  return groups.getSingleOrDiagnose(IOD->getLoc(), /*forBuiltin*/ true);
}

SelfAccessKind
SelfAccessKindRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator, FuncDecl *FD) const {
  if (FD->getAttrs().getAttribute<MutatingAttr>(true)) {
    if (!FD->isInstanceMember() || !FD->getDeclContext()->hasValueSemantics()) {
      // If this decl is on a class-constrained protocol extension, then
      // respect the explicit mutatingness. Otherwise, we would throw an
      // error.
      if (FD->getDeclContext()->isClassConstrainedProtocolExtension())
        return SelfAccessKind::Mutating;
      return SelfAccessKind::NonMutating;
    }
    return SelfAccessKind::Mutating;
  } else if (FD->getAttrs().hasAttribute<NonMutatingAttr>()) {
    return SelfAccessKind::NonMutating;
  } else if (FD->getAttrs().hasAttribute<LegacyConsumingAttr>()) {
    return SelfAccessKind::LegacyConsuming;
  } else if (FD->getAttrs().hasAttribute<ConsumingAttr>()) {
    return SelfAccessKind::Consuming;
  } else if (FD->getAttrs().hasAttribute<BorrowingAttr>()) {
    return SelfAccessKind::Borrowing;
  }

  if (auto *AD = dyn_cast<AccessorDecl>(FD)) {
    // Non-static set/willSet/didSet/mutableAddress default to mutating.
    // get/address default to non-mutating.
    switch (AD->getAccessorKind()) {
    case AccessorKind::Address:
    case AccessorKind::Get:
    case AccessorKind::DistributedGet:
    case AccessorKind::Read:
    case AccessorKind::Read2:
      break;

    case AccessorKind::Init:
    case AccessorKind::MutableAddress:
    case AccessorKind::Set:
    case AccessorKind::Modify:
    case AccessorKind::Modify2:
      if (AD->isInstanceMember() && AD->getDeclContext()->hasValueSemantics())
        return SelfAccessKind::Mutating;
      break;

    case AccessorKind::WillSet:
    case AccessorKind::DidSet: {
      auto *storage =AD->getStorage();
      if (storage->isSetterMutating())
        return SelfAccessKind::Mutating;

      break;
    }
    }
  }

  return SelfAccessKind::NonMutating;
}

bool TypeChecker::isAvailabilitySafeForConformance(
    const ProtocolDecl *proto, const ValueDecl *requirement,
    const ValueDecl *witness, const DeclContext *dc,
    AvailabilityRange &requirementInfo) {

  // We assume conformances in
  // non-SourceFiles have already been checked for availability.
  if (!dc->getParentSourceFile())
    return true;

  auto &Context = proto->getASTContext();
  assert(dc->getSelfNominalTypeDecl() &&
         "Must have a nominal or extension context");

  AvailabilityContext contextForConformingDecl =
      availabilityForDeclSignature(dc->getAsDecl());

  // If the conformance is unavailable then it's irrelevant whether the witness
  // is potentially unavailable.
  if (contextForConformingDecl.isUnavailable())
    return true;

  // Make sure that any access of the witness through the protocol
  // can only occur when the witness is available. That is, make sure that
  // on every version where the conforming declaration is available, if the
  // requirement is available then the witness is available as well.
  // We do this by checking that (an over-approximation of) the intersection of
  // the requirement's available range with both the conforming declaration's
  // available range and the protocol's available range is fully contained in
  // (an over-approximation of) the intersection of the witnesses's available
  // range with both the conforming type's available range and the protocol
  // declaration's available range.
  AvailabilityRange witnessInfo =
      AvailabilityInference::availableRange(witness);
  requirementInfo = AvailabilityInference::availableRange(requirement);

  AvailabilityRange infoForConformingDecl =
      contextForConformingDecl.getPlatformRange();

  // Relax the requirements for @_spi witnesses by treating the requirement as
  // if it were introduced at the deployment target. This is not strictly sound
  // since clients of SPI do not necessarily have the same deployment target as
  // the module declaring the requirement. However, now that the public
  // declarations in API libraries are checked according to the minimum possible
  // deployment target of their clients this relaxation is needed for source
  // compatibility with some existing code and is reasonably safe for the
  // majority of cases.
  if (witness->isSPI()) {
    AvailabilityRange deploymentTarget =
        AvailabilityRange::forDeploymentTarget(Context);
    requirementInfo.constrainWith(deploymentTarget);
  }

  // Constrain over-approximates intersection of version ranges.
  witnessInfo.constrainWith(infoForConformingDecl);
  requirementInfo.constrainWith(infoForConformingDecl);

  AvailabilityRange infoForProtocolDecl =
      overApproximateAvailabilityAtLocation(proto->getLoc(), proto);

  witnessInfo.constrainWith(infoForProtocolDecl);
  requirementInfo.constrainWith(infoForProtocolDecl);

  return requirementInfo.isContainedIn(witnessInfo);
}

// Returns 'nullptr' if this is the 'newValue' or 'oldValue' parameter;
// otherwise, returns the corresponding parameter of the subscript
// declaration.
static ParamDecl *getOriginalParamFromAccessor(AbstractStorageDecl *storage,
                                               AccessorDecl *accessor,
                                               ParamDecl *param) {
  auto *accessorParams = accessor->getParameters();
  unsigned startIndex = 0;

  switch (accessor->getAccessorKind()) {
  case AccessorKind::DidSet:
  case AccessorKind::WillSet:
  case AccessorKind::Set:
  case AccessorKind::Init:
    if (param == accessorParams->get(0)) {
      // This is the 'newValue' or 'oldValue' parameter.
      return nullptr;
    }

    startIndex = 1;
    break;

  default:
    startIndex = 0;
    break;
  }

  // If the parameter is not the 'newValue' parameter to a setter, it
  // must be a subscript index parameter (or we have an invalid AST).
  auto *subscript = cast<SubscriptDecl>(storage);
  auto *subscriptParams = subscript->getIndices();

  auto where = llvm::find_if(*accessorParams,
                              [param](ParamDecl *other) {
                                return other == param;
                              });
  assert(where != accessorParams->end());
  unsigned index = where - accessorParams->begin();

  return subscriptParams->get(index - startIndex);
}

bool
IsImplicitlyUnwrappedOptionalRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                               ValueDecl *decl) const {
  TypeRepr *TyR = nullptr;

  switch (decl->getKind()) {
  case DeclKind::Func: {
    TyR = cast<FuncDecl>(decl)->getResultTypeRepr();
    break;
  }

  case DeclKind::Accessor: {
    auto *accessor = cast<AccessorDecl>(decl);
    if (!accessor->isGetter())
      break;

    auto *storage = accessor->getStorage();
    if (auto *subscript = dyn_cast<SubscriptDecl>(storage))
      TyR = subscript->getElementTypeRepr();
    else
      TyR = cast<VarDecl>(storage)->getTypeReprOrParentPatternTypeRepr();
    break;
  }

  case DeclKind::Subscript:
    TyR = cast<SubscriptDecl>(decl)->getElementTypeRepr();
    break;

  case DeclKind::Param: {
    auto *param = cast<ParamDecl>(decl);
    if (param->isSelfParameter())
      return false;

    if (auto *accessor = dyn_cast<AccessorDecl>(param->getDeclContext())) {
      auto *storage = accessor->getStorage();
      auto *originalParam = getOriginalParamFromAccessor(
        storage, accessor, param);
      if (originalParam == nullptr) {
        // This is the setter's newValue parameter.
        return storage->isImplicitlyUnwrappedOptional();
      }

      if (param != originalParam) {
        // This is the 'subscript(...) { get { ... } set { ... } }' case.
        // This means we cloned the parameter list for each accessor.
        // Delegate to the original parameter.
        return originalParam->isImplicitlyUnwrappedOptional();
      }

      // This is the 'subscript(...) { <<body of getter>> }' case.
      // The subscript and the getter share their ParamDecls.
      // Fall through.
    }

    // Handle eg, 'inout Int!' or '__owned NSObject!'.
    TyR = param->getTypeRepr();
    if (auto *STR = dyn_cast_or_null<SpecifierTypeRepr>(TyR))
      TyR = STR->getBase();
    break;
  }

  case DeclKind::Var:
    if (decl->hasClangNode()) {
      // ClangImporter does not use this request to compute whether imported
      // declarations are IUOs; instead, it explicitly sets the bit itself when
      // it imports the declaration's type. For most declarations this is done
      // greedily, but for VarDecls, it is deferred until `getInterfaceType()`
      // is called for the first time. (See apple/swift#61026.)
      //
      // Force the interface type, then see if a result for this request is now
      // cached.
      // FIXME: This is a little gross.
      (void)decl->getInterfaceType();
      if (auto cachedResult = this->getCachedResult())
        return *cachedResult;
    }
    TyR = cast<VarDecl>(decl)->getTypeReprOrParentPatternTypeRepr();
    break;

  default:
    break;
  }

  return (TyR && TyR->getKind() == TypeReprKind::ImplicitlyUnwrappedOptional);
}

/// Validate the underlying type of the given typealias.
Type
UnderlyingTypeRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                TypeAliasDecl *typeAlias) const {
  TypeResolutionOptions options((typeAlias->getGenericParams()
                                     ? TypeResolverContext::GenericTypeAliasDecl
                                     : TypeResolverContext::TypeAliasDecl));
  if (typeAlias->preconcurrency())
    options |= TypeResolutionFlags::Preconcurrency;

  // This can happen when code completion is attempted inside
  // of typealias underlying type e.g. `typealias F = () -> Int#^TOK^#`
  auto *underlyingRepr = typeAlias->getUnderlyingTypeRepr();
  if (!underlyingRepr) {
    typeAlias->setInvalid();
    return ErrorType::get(typeAlias->getASTContext());
  }

  const auto result =
      TypeResolution::forInterface(typeAlias, options,
                                   /*unboundTyOpener*/ nullptr,
                                   /*placeholderHandler*/ nullptr,
                                   /*packElementOpener*/ nullptr)
          .resolveType(underlyingRepr);

  if (result->hasError()) {
    typeAlias->setInvalid();
    return ErrorType::get(typeAlias->getASTContext());
  }
  return result;
}

/// Bind the given function declaration, which declares an operator, to the
/// corresponding operator declaration.
OperatorDecl *
FunctionOperatorRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator, FuncDecl *FD) const {  
  auto &C = FD->getASTContext();
  auto &diags = C.Diags;
  const auto operatorName = FD->getBaseIdentifier();

  // Check for static/final/class when we're in a type.
  auto dc = FD->getDeclContext();
  if (dc->isTypeContext()) {
    if (auto classDecl = dc->getSelfClassDecl()) {
      // For a class, we also need the function or class to be 'final'.
      if (!classDecl->isSemanticallyFinal() && !FD->isFinal() &&
          FD->getStaticLoc().isValid() &&
          FD->getStaticSpelling() != StaticSpellingKind::KeywordStatic) {
        FD->diagnose(diag::nonfinal_operator_in_class,
                     operatorName, dc->getDeclaredInterfaceType())
          .fixItInsert(FD->getAttributeInsertionLoc(/*forModifier=*/true),
                       "final ");
        FD->getAttrs().add(new (C) FinalAttr(/*IsImplicit=*/true));
      }
    }
  } else if (!dc->isModuleScopeContext()) {
    FD->diagnose(diag::operator_in_local_scope);
  }

  NullablePtr<OperatorDecl> op;
  if (FD->isUnaryOperator()) {
    if (FD->getAttrs().hasAttribute<PrefixAttr>()) {
      op = FD->lookupPrefixOperator(operatorName);
    } else if (FD->getAttrs().hasAttribute<PostfixAttr>()) {
      op = FD->lookupPostfixOperator(operatorName);
    } else {
      auto *prefixOp = FD->lookupPrefixOperator(operatorName);
      auto *postfixOp = FD->lookupPostfixOperator(operatorName);

      // If we found both prefix and postfix, or neither prefix nor postfix,
      // complain. We can't fix this situation.
      if (static_cast<bool>(prefixOp) == static_cast<bool>(postfixOp)) {
        diags.diagnose(FD, diag::declared_unary_op_without_attribute);

        // If we found both, point at them.
        if (prefixOp) {
          diags.diagnose(prefixOp, diag::unary_operator_declaration_here,
                         /*isPostfix*/ false)
            .fixItInsert(FD->getLoc(), "prefix ");
          diags.diagnose(postfixOp, diag::unary_operator_declaration_here,
                         /*isPostfix*/ true)
            .fixItInsert(FD->getLoc(), "postfix ");
        } else {
          // FIXME: Introduce a Fix-It that adds the operator declaration?
        }

        // FIXME: Errors could cascade here, because name lookup for this
        // operator won't find this declaration.
        return nullptr;
      }

      // We found only one operator declaration, so we know whether this
      // should be a prefix or a postfix operator.

      // Fix the AST and determine the insertion text.
      const char *insertionText;
      auto &C = FD->getASTContext();
      auto isPostfix = static_cast<bool>(postfixOp);
      if (isPostfix) {
        insertionText = "postfix ";
        op = postfixOp;
        FD->getAttrs().add(new (C) PostfixAttr(/*implicit*/false));
      } else {
        insertionText = "prefix ";
        op = prefixOp;
        FD->getAttrs().add(new (C) PrefixAttr(/*implicit*/false));
      }

      // Emit diagnostic with the Fix-It.
      diags.diagnose(FD->getFuncLoc(), diag::unary_op_missing_prepos_attribute,
                     isPostfix)
        .fixItInsert(FD->getFuncLoc(), insertionText);
      op.get()->diagnose(diag::unary_operator_declaration_here, isPostfix);
    }
  } else if (FD->isBinaryOperator()) {
    auto results = FD->lookupInfixOperator(operatorName);

    // If we have an ambiguity, diagnose and return. Otherwise fall through, as
    // we have a custom diagnostic for missing operator decls.
    if (results.isAmbiguous()) {
      results.diagnoseAmbiguity(FD->getLoc());
      return nullptr;
    }
    op = results.getSingle();
  } else {
    diags.diagnose(FD, diag::invalid_arg_count_for_operator);
    return nullptr;
  }

  if (!op) {
    // We want to insert at the start of the top-most declaration, taking
    // attributes into consideration.
    auto *insertionDecl = FD->getTopmostDeclarationDeclContext();
    auto insertionLoc = insertionDecl->getSourceRangeIncludingAttrs().Start;

    SmallString<128> insertion;
    {
      llvm::raw_svector_ostream str(insertion);
      assert(FD->isUnaryOperator() || FD->isBinaryOperator());
      if (FD->isUnaryOperator()) {
        if (FD->getAttrs().hasAttribute<PrefixAttr>())
          str << "prefix operator ";
        else
          str << "postfix operator ";
      } else {
        str << "infix operator ";
      }

       str << operatorName.str() << " : <# Precedence Group #>\n";
    }
    InFlightDiagnostic opDiagnostic =
        diags.diagnose(FD, diag::declared_operator_without_operator_decl);
    if (insertionLoc.isValid())
      opDiagnostic.fixItInsert(insertionLoc, insertion);
    return nullptr;
  }
  return op.get();
}

/// This means two things:
/// - If selfTy is null, 'decl' is assumed to be a member of a nominal type
///   or extension. We check if its a valid member operator.
/// - Otherwise, 'decl' is a member or top-level operator. We check if it
///   is a suitable witness for the given conforming type.
bool swift::isMemberOperator(FuncDecl *decl, Type selfTy) {
  // Check that member operators reference the type of 'Self'.
  if (decl->isInvalid())
    return true;

  auto *DC = decl->getDeclContext();

  auto selfNominal = DC->getSelfNominalTypeDecl();
  assert(selfNominal || selfTy);

  // Is the operator a member of a protocol or protocol extension?
  bool isProtocol = isa_and_nonnull<ProtocolDecl>(selfNominal);

  // Is the operator a member of a tuple extension?
  bool isTuple = isa_and_nonnull<BuiltinTupleDecl>(selfNominal);

  // Check the parameters for a reference to 'Self'.
  for (auto param : *decl->getParameters()) {
    // Look through a metatype reference, if there is one.
    auto paramType = param->getInterfaceType()->getMetatypeInstanceType();

    if (isProtocol || isTuple) {
      // For a member of a protocol or tuple extension, is it the 'Self'
      // type parameter?
      if (paramType->isEqual(DC->getSelfInterfaceType()))
        return true;

      continue;
    }

    // We have a member operator of a concrete nominal type, or a global operator.
    auto nominal = paramType->getAnyNominal();

    if (selfTy.isNull()) {
      // We're validating a member operator.

      // Does the parameter have the right nominal type?
      if (nominal == selfNominal)
        return true;
    } else {
      // We're checking a conformance and this operator is a candidate witness.

      // Does the parameter have the right nominal type for the conformance?
      if (nominal == selfTy->getAnyNominal())
        return true;

      // Otherwise, we might also have a match if the top-level operator is generic.
      if (paramType->is<GenericTypeParamType>())
        return true;
    }
  }

  return false;
}

static Type buildAddressorResultType(AccessorDecl *addressor,
                                     Type valueType) {
  assert(addressor->getAccessorKind() == AccessorKind::Address ||
         addressor->getAccessorKind() == AccessorKind::MutableAddress);

  PointerTypeKind pointerKind =
    (addressor->getAccessorKind() == AccessorKind::Address)
      ? PTK_UnsafePointer
      : PTK_UnsafeMutablePointer;
  return valueType->wrapInPointer(pointerKind);
}

Type
ResultTypeRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator, ValueDecl *decl) const {
  auto &ctx = decl->getASTContext();

  // Accessors always inherit their result type from their storage.
  if (auto *accessor = dyn_cast<AccessorDecl>(decl)) {
    auto *storage = accessor->getStorage();

    switch (accessor->getAccessorKind()) {
    // For getters, set the result type to the value type.
    case AccessorKind::Get:
    case AccessorKind::DistributedGet:
      return storage->getValueInterfaceType();

    // For setters and observers, set the old/new value parameter's type
    // to the value type.
    case AccessorKind::DidSet:
    case AccessorKind::WillSet:
    case AccessorKind::Set:
    case AccessorKind::Init:
      return TupleType::getEmpty(ctx);

    // Addressor result types can get complicated because of the owner.
    case AccessorKind::Address:
    case AccessorKind::MutableAddress:
      return buildAddressorResultType(accessor, storage->getValueInterfaceType());

    // Coroutine accessors don't mention the value type directly.
    // If we add yield types to the function type, we'll need to update this.
    case AccessorKind::Read:
    case AccessorKind::Read2:
    case AccessorKind::Modify:
    case AccessorKind::Modify2:
      return TupleType::getEmpty(ctx);
    }
  }

  TypeRepr *resultTyRepr = nullptr;
  if (const auto *const funcDecl = dyn_cast<FuncDecl>(decl)) {
    resultTyRepr = funcDecl->getResultTypeRepr();
  } else if (auto subscriptDecl = dyn_cast<SubscriptDecl>(decl)) {
    resultTyRepr = subscriptDecl->getElementTypeRepr();
  } else {
    resultTyRepr = cast<MacroDecl>(decl)->resultType.getTypeRepr();
  }

  if (!resultTyRepr && decl->getClangDecl() &&
      isa<clang::FunctionDecl>(decl->getClangDecl())) {
    auto clangFn = cast<clang::FunctionDecl>(decl->getClangDecl());
    auto returnType = ctx.getClangModuleLoader()->importFunctionReturnType(
        clangFn, decl->getDeclContext());
    if (returnType)
      return *returnType;
    // Mark the imported Swift function as unavailable.
    // That will ensure that the function will not be
    // usable from Swift, even though it is imported.
    if (!decl->isUnavailable()) {
      StringRef unavailabilityMsgRef = "return type is unavailable in Swift";
      auto ua = AvailableAttr::createUniversallyUnavailable(
          ctx, unavailabilityMsgRef);
      decl->getAttrs().add(ua);
    }

    return ctx.getNeverType();
  }

  // Nothing to do if there's no result type.
  if (resultTyRepr == nullptr)
    return TupleType::getEmpty(ctx);

  // Handle opaque types.
  if (auto *opaqueDecl = decl->getOpaqueResultTypeDecl()) {
      return opaqueDecl->getDeclaredInterfaceType();
  }

  auto options =
      TypeResolutionOptions(TypeResolverContext::FunctionResult);
  if (decl->preconcurrency())
    options |= TypeResolutionFlags::Preconcurrency;

  auto *const dc = decl->getInnermostDeclContext();
  return TypeResolution::forInterface(dc, options,
                                      /*unboundTyOpener*/ nullptr,
                                      PlaceholderType::get,
                                      /*packElementOpener*/ nullptr)
      .resolveType(resultTyRepr);
}

ParamSpecifier
ParamSpecifierRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                ParamDecl *param) const {
  auto *dc = param->getDeclContext();

  if (param->isSelfParameter()) {
    auto afd = cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(dc);
    auto selfParam = computeSelfParam(afd,
                                      /*isInitializingCtor*/true,
                                      /*wantDynamicSelf*/false);
    if (auto fd = dyn_cast<FuncDecl>(afd)) {
      switch (fd->getSelfAccessKind()) {
      case SelfAccessKind::LegacyConsuming:
        return ParamSpecifier::LegacyOwned;
      case SelfAccessKind::Consuming:
        return ParamSpecifier::Consuming;
      case SelfAccessKind::Borrowing:
        return ParamSpecifier::Borrowing;
      case SelfAccessKind::Mutating:
        return ParamSpecifier::InOut;
      case SelfAccessKind::NonMutating:
        return ParamSpecifier::Default;
      }
      llvm_unreachable("nonexhaustive switch");
    } else {
      return (selfParam.getParameterFlags().isInOut()
              ? ParamSpecifier::InOut
              : ParamSpecifier::Default);
    }
  }

  if (auto *accessor = dyn_cast<AccessorDecl>(dc)) {
    auto *storage = accessor->getStorage();
    auto *originalParam = getOriginalParamFromAccessor(
      storage, accessor, param);
    if (originalParam == nullptr) {
      // This is the setter's newValue parameter. Note that even though
      // the AST uses the 'Default' specifier, SIL will lower this to a
      // +1 parameter.
      return ParamSpecifier::Default;
    }

    if (param != originalParam) {
      // This is the 'subscript(...) { get { ... } set { ... } }' case.
      // This means we cloned the parameter list for each accessor.
      // Delegate to the original parameter.
      return originalParam->getSpecifier();
    }

    // This is the 'subscript(...) { <<body of getter>> }' case.
    // The subscript and the getter share their ParamDecls.
    // Fall through.
  }

  auto typeRepr = param->getTypeRepr();

  if (!typeRepr && !param->isImplicit()) {
    // Untyped closure parameter.
    return ParamSpecifier::Default;
  }

  assert(typeRepr != nullptr && "Should call setSpecifier() on "
         "synthesized parameter declarations");

  // Look through top-level pack expansions.  These specifiers are
  // part of what's repeated.
  if (auto expansion = dyn_cast<PackExpansionTypeRepr>(typeRepr))
    typeRepr = expansion->getPatternType();

  // Look through parens here; other than parens, specifiers
  // must appear at the top level of a parameter type.
  auto *nestedRepr = typeRepr->getWithoutParens();

  if (auto isolated = dyn_cast<IsolatedTypeRepr>(nestedRepr))
    nestedRepr = isolated->getBase();

  if (auto *lifetime = dyn_cast<LifetimeDependentTypeRepr>(nestedRepr)) {
    nestedRepr = lifetime->getBase();
  }

  if (auto sending = dyn_cast<SendingTypeRepr>(nestedRepr)) {
    // If we do not have an Ownership Repr and do not have a no escape type,
    // return implicit copyable consuming.
    auto *base = sending->getBase();
    if (!param->getInterfaceType()->isNoEscape() &&
        !isa<OwnershipTypeRepr>(base)) {
      return ParamSpecifier::ImplicitlyCopyableConsuming;
    }
    nestedRepr = base;
  }

  if (auto ownershipRepr = dyn_cast<OwnershipTypeRepr>(nestedRepr)) {
    if (ownershipRepr->getSpecifier() == ParamSpecifier::InOut
        && param->isDefaultArgument()) {
      auto &ctx = param->getASTContext();
      ctx.Diags.diagnose(param->getStructuralDefaultExpr()->getLoc(),
                         swift::diag::cannot_provide_default_value_inout,
                         param->getName());
      return ParamSpecifier::Default;
    }
    return ownershipRepr->getSpecifier();
  }
  
  return ParamSpecifier::Default;
}

static Type validateParameterType(ParamDecl *decl) {
  auto *dc = decl->getDeclContext();
  auto &ctx = dc->getASTContext();

  TypeResolutionOptions options(std::nullopt);
  OpenUnboundGenericTypeFn unboundTyOpener = nullptr;
  if (isa<AbstractClosureExpr>(dc)) {
    options = TypeResolutionOptions(TypeResolverContext::ClosureExpr);
    options |= TypeResolutionFlags::AllowUnspecifiedTypes;
    unboundTyOpener = [](auto unboundTy) {
      // FIXME: Don't let unbound generic types escape type resolution.
      // For now, just return the unbound generic type.
      return unboundTy;
    };
    // FIXME: Don't let placeholder types escape type resolution.
    // For now, just return the placeholder type.
  } else if (isa<AbstractFunctionDecl>(dc)) {
    options = TypeResolutionOptions(TypeResolverContext::AbstractFunctionDecl);
  } else if (isa<SubscriptDecl>(dc)) {
    options = TypeResolutionOptions(TypeResolverContext::SubscriptDecl);
  } else if (isa<EnumElementDecl>(dc)) {
    options = TypeResolutionOptions(TypeResolverContext::EnumElementDecl);
  } else {
    assert(isa<MacroDecl>(dc));
    options = TypeResolutionOptions(TypeResolverContext::MacroDecl);
  }

  // Set the "preconcurrency" flag if this is a parameter of a preconcurrency
  // declaration.
  if (auto decl = dc->getAsDecl()) {
    if (decl->preconcurrency())
      options |= TypeResolutionFlags::Preconcurrency;
  }

  if (dc->isInSpecializeExtensionContext())
    options |= TypeResolutionFlags::AllowUsableFromInline;

  Type Ty;

  auto *nestedRepr = decl->getTypeRepr();
  ParamSpecifier ownership = ParamSpecifier::Default;
  while (true) {
    if (auto *attrTypeRepr = dyn_cast<AttributedTypeRepr>(nestedRepr)) {
      nestedRepr = attrTypeRepr->getTypeRepr();
      continue;
    }
    if (auto *specifierTypeRepr = dyn_cast<SpecifierTypeRepr>(nestedRepr)) {
      if (specifierTypeRepr->getKind() == TypeReprKind::Ownership)
        ownership = cast<OwnershipTypeRepr>(specifierTypeRepr)->getSpecifier();

      nestedRepr = specifierTypeRepr->getBase();
      continue;
    }
    break;
  }

  // If the element is a variadic parameter, resolve the parameter type as if
  // it were in non-parameter position, since we want functions to be
  // @escaping in this case.
  options.setContext(isa<VarargTypeRepr>(nestedRepr)
                     ? TypeResolverContext::VariadicFunctionInput
                     : TypeResolverContext::FunctionInput);
  options |= TypeResolutionFlags::Direct;

  const auto resolution =
      TypeResolution::forInterface(dc, options, unboundTyOpener,
                                   PlaceholderType::get,
                                   /*packElementOpener*/ nullptr);

  if (isa<VarargTypeRepr>(nestedRepr)) {
    Ty = resolution.resolveType(nestedRepr);

    // Monovariadic types (T...) for <T> resolve to [T].
    Ty = VariadicSequenceType::get(Ty);

    // Set the old-style variadic bit.
    decl->setVariadic();
    if (!ctx.getArrayDecl()) {
      ctx.Diags.diagnose(decl->getTypeRepr()->getLoc(),
                         diag::sugar_type_not_found, 0);
      return ErrorType::get(ctx);
    }
  } else {
    Ty = resolution.resolveType(decl->getTypeRepr());
  }

  if (Ty->hasError()) {
    decl->setInvalid();
    return ErrorType::get(ctx);
  }

  // Validate the presence of ownership for a parameter with an inverse applied.
  if (!Ty->hasUnboundGenericType() &&
      diagnoseMissingOwnership(ownership, decl->getTypeRepr(), Ty, resolution)) {
    decl->setInvalid();
    return ErrorType::get(ctx);
  }

  return Ty;
}

static void maybeAddParameterIsolation(AnyFunctionType::ExtInfoBuilder &infoBuilder,
                                       ArrayRef<AnyFunctionType::Param> params) {
  if (hasIsolatedParameter(params))
    infoBuilder = infoBuilder.withIsolation(FunctionTypeIsolation::forParameter());
}

Type
InterfaceTypeRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &eval, ValueDecl *D) const {
  auto &Context = D->getASTContext();

  TypeChecker::checkForForbiddenPrefix(Context, D->getBaseName());

  switch (D->getKind()) {
  case DeclKind::Import:
  case DeclKind::Extension:
  case DeclKind::PatternBinding:
  case DeclKind::EnumCase:
  case DeclKind::TopLevelCode:
  case DeclKind::InfixOperator:
  case DeclKind::PrefixOperator:
  case DeclKind::PostfixOperator:
  case DeclKind::PrecedenceGroup:
  case DeclKind::PoundDiagnostic:
  case DeclKind::Missing:
  case DeclKind::MissingMember:
  case DeclKind::Module:
  case DeclKind::OpaqueType:
  case DeclKind::MacroExpansion:
    llvm_unreachable("should not get here");
    return Type();

  case DeclKind::GenericTypeParam: {
    auto *paramDecl = cast<GenericTypeParamDecl>(D);

    // If we haven't set a depth for this generic parameter yet, do so.
    if (paramDecl->getDepth() == GenericTypeParamDecl::InvalidDepth) {
      auto *dc = paramDecl->getDeclContext();
      auto *gpList = dc->getAsDecl()->getAsGenericContext()->getGenericParams();
      gpList->setDepth(dc->getGenericContextDepth());
    }

    auto type = GenericTypeParamType::get(paramDecl);
    return MetatypeType::get(type, Context);
  }

  case DeclKind::AssociatedType: {
    auto assocType = cast<AssociatedTypeDecl>(D);
    auto interfaceTy = assocType->getDeclaredInterfaceType();
    return MetatypeType::get(interfaceTy, Context);
  }

  case DeclKind::TypeAlias: {
    auto typeAlias = cast<TypeAliasDecl>(D);

    SmallVector<Type, 2> genericArgs;
    if (auto *params = typeAlias->getGenericParams()) {
      for (auto *param : *params) {
        genericArgs.push_back(param->getDeclaredInterfaceType());
      }
    }

    Type parent;
    auto parentDC = typeAlias->getDeclContext();
    if (parentDC->isTypeContext())
      parent = parentDC->getSelfInterfaceType();
    auto sugaredType = TypeAliasType::get(typeAlias, parent, genericArgs,
                                          typeAlias->getUnderlyingType());
    return MetatypeType::get(sugaredType, Context);
  }

  case DeclKind::Enum:
  case DeclKind::Struct:
  case DeclKind::Class:
  case DeclKind::Protocol:
  case DeclKind::BuiltinTuple: {
    auto nominal = cast<NominalTypeDecl>(D);
    Type declaredInterfaceTy = nominal->getDeclaredInterfaceType();
    // FIXME: For a protocol, this returns a MetatypeType wrapping a
    // ProtocolType, but should be a MetatypeType wrapping an
    // ExistentialType ('(any P).Type', not 'P.Type').
    return MetatypeType::get(declaredInterfaceTy, Context);
  }

  case DeclKind::Param: {
    auto *PD = cast<ParamDecl>(D);
    if (PD->isSelfParameter()) {
      auto *AFD = cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(PD->getDeclContext());
      auto selfParam = computeSelfParam(AFD,
                                        /*isInitializingCtor*/true,
                                        /*wantDynamicSelf*/true);
      PD->setIsolated(selfParam.isIsolated());
      return selfParam.getPlainType();
    }

    if (auto *accessor = dyn_cast<AccessorDecl>(PD->getDeclContext())) {
      auto *storage = accessor->getStorage();
      auto *originalParam = getOriginalParamFromAccessor(
        storage, accessor, PD);
      if (originalParam == nullptr) {
        return storage->getValueInterfaceType();
      }

      if (originalParam != PD) {
        return originalParam->getInterfaceType();
      }
    }

    if (!PD->getTypeRepr())
      return ErrorType::get(Context);

    return validateParameterType(PD);
  }

  case DeclKind::Var: {
    auto *VD = cast<VarDecl>(D);

    if (auto clangDecl = VD->getClangDecl()) {
      auto clangVarDecl = cast<clang::VarDecl>(clangDecl);

      return VD->getASTContext().getClangModuleLoader()->importVarDeclType(
          clangVarDecl, VD, VD->getDeclContext());
    }

    auto *namingPattern = VD->getNamingPattern();
    if (!namingPattern) {
      return ErrorType::get(Context);
    }

    Type interfaceType = namingPattern->getType();
    if (interfaceType->hasArchetype())
      interfaceType = interfaceType->mapTypeOutOfContext();

    // In SIL mode, VarDecls are written as having reference storage types.
    if (!interfaceType->is<ReferenceStorageType>()) {
      if (auto *attr = VD->getAttrs().getAttribute<ReferenceOwnershipAttr>())
        interfaceType =
            TypeChecker::checkReferenceOwnershipAttr(VD, interfaceType, attr);
    }

    return interfaceType;
  }

  case DeclKind::Func:
  case DeclKind::Accessor:
  case DeclKind::Constructor:
  case DeclKind::Destructor: {
    // If this is a didSet, then we need to check whether the body references
    // the implicit 'oldValue' parameter or not, in order to correctly
    // compute the interface type.
    if (auto AD = dyn_cast<AccessorDecl>(D)) {
      (void)AD->isSimpleDidSet();
    }

    auto *AFD = cast<AbstractFunctionDecl>(D);

    auto sig = AFD->getGenericSignature();
    bool hasSelf = AFD->hasImplicitSelfDecl();

    AnyFunctionType::ExtInfoBuilder infoBuilder;

    // Thrown error type.
    Type thrownTy = AFD->getThrownInterfaceType();
    if (thrownTy) {
      thrownTy = AFD->getThrownInterfaceType();
      ProtocolDecl *errorProto = Context.getErrorDecl();
      if (thrownTy && !thrownTy->hasError() && errorProto) {
        Type thrownTyInContext = AFD->mapTypeIntoContext(thrownTy);
        if (!checkConformance(thrownTyInContext, errorProto)) {
          SourceLoc loc;
          if (auto thrownTypeRepr = AFD->getThrownTypeRepr())
            loc = thrownTypeRepr->getLoc();
          else
            loc = AFD->getLoc();
          Context.Diags.diagnose(loc, diag::thrown_type_not_error, thrownTy);
        }
      }
    }

    // Result
    Type resultTy;
    if (auto fn = dyn_cast<FuncDecl>(D)) {
      resultTy = fn->getResultInterfaceType();
    } else if (auto ctor = dyn_cast<ConstructorDecl>(D)) {
      resultTy = ctor->getResultInterfaceType();
    } else {
      assert(isa<DestructorDecl>(D));
      resultTy = TupleType::getEmpty(AFD->getASTContext());
    }

    auto lifetimeDependenceInfo = AFD->getLifetimeDependencies();

    // (Args...) -> Result
    Type funcTy;

    {
      SmallVector<AnyFunctionType::Param, 4> argTy;
      AFD->getParameters()->getParams(argTy);

      maybeAddParameterIsolation(infoBuilder, argTy);
      infoBuilder = infoBuilder.withAsync(AFD->hasAsync());
      infoBuilder = infoBuilder.withSendable(AFD->isSendable());
      // 'throws' only applies to the innermost function.
      infoBuilder = infoBuilder.withThrows(AFD->hasThrows(), thrownTy);
      // Defer bodies must not escape.
      if (auto fd = dyn_cast<FuncDecl>(D)) {
        infoBuilder = infoBuilder.withNoEscape(fd->isDeferBody());
        if (fd->hasSendingResult())
          infoBuilder = infoBuilder.withSendingResult();
      }

      if (lifetimeDependenceInfo.has_value()) {
        infoBuilder =
            infoBuilder.withLifetimeDependencies(*lifetimeDependenceInfo);
      }

      auto info = infoBuilder.build();

      if (sig && !hasSelf) {
        funcTy = GenericFunctionType::get(sig, argTy, resultTy, info);
      } else {
        funcTy = FunctionType::get(argTy, resultTy, info);
      }
    }

    // (Self) -> (Args...) -> Result
    if (hasSelf) {
      // Substitute in our own 'self' parameter.
      auto selfParam = computeSelfParam(AFD);
      AnyFunctionType::ExtInfoBuilder selfInfoBuilder;
      maybeAddParameterIsolation(selfInfoBuilder, {selfParam});
      if (lifetimeDependenceInfo.has_value()) {
        selfInfoBuilder =
            selfInfoBuilder.withLifetimeDependencies(*lifetimeDependenceInfo);
      }

      // FIXME: Verify ExtInfo state is correct, not working by accident.
      auto selfInfo = selfInfoBuilder.build();
      if (sig) {
        funcTy = GenericFunctionType::get(sig, {selfParam}, funcTy, selfInfo);
      } else {
        funcTy = FunctionType::get({selfParam}, funcTy, selfInfo);
      }
    }

    return funcTy;
  }

  case DeclKind::Subscript: {
    auto *SD = cast<SubscriptDecl>(D);

    auto elementTy = SD->getElementInterfaceType();

    SmallVector<AnyFunctionType::Param, 2> argTy;
    SD->getIndices()->getParams(argTy);

    AnyFunctionType::ExtInfoBuilder infoBuilder;
    maybeAddParameterIsolation(infoBuilder, argTy);

    Type funcTy;
    // FIXME: Verify ExtInfo state is correct, not working by accident.
    auto info = infoBuilder.build();
    if (auto sig = SD->getGenericSignature()) {
      funcTy = GenericFunctionType::get(sig, argTy, elementTy, info);
    } else {
      funcTy = FunctionType::get(argTy, elementTy, info);
    }

    return funcTy;
  }

  case DeclKind::EnumElement: {
    auto *EED = cast<EnumElementDecl>(D);

    auto *ED = EED->getParentEnum();

    // The type of the enum element is either (Self.Type) -> Self
    // or (Self.Type) -> (Args...) -> Self.
    auto resultTy = ED->getDeclaredInterfaceType();

    AnyFunctionType::Param selfTy(MetatypeType::get(resultTy, Context));

    if (auto *PL = EED->getParameterList()) {
      SmallVector<AnyFunctionType::Param, 4> argTy;
      PL->getParams(argTy);

      // FIXME: Verify ExtInfo state is correct, not working by accident.
      FunctionType::ExtInfo info;
      resultTy = FunctionType::get(argTy, resultTy, info);
    }

    // FIXME: Verify ExtInfo state is correct, not working by accident.
    if (auto genericSig = ED->getGenericSignature()) {
      GenericFunctionType::ExtInfo info;
      resultTy = GenericFunctionType::get(genericSig, {selfTy}, resultTy, info);
    } else {
      FunctionType::ExtInfo info;
      resultTy = FunctionType::get({selfTy}, resultTy, info);
    }

    return resultTy;
  }

  case DeclKind::Macro: {
    auto macro = cast<MacroDecl>(D);
    Type resultType = macro->getResultInterfaceType();
    if (!macro->parameterList)
      return resultType;

    SmallVector<AnyFunctionType::Param, 4> paramTypes;
    macro->parameterList->getParams(paramTypes);

    if (auto genericSig = macro->getGenericSignature()) {
      GenericFunctionType::ExtInfo info;
      return GenericFunctionType::get(
          genericSig, paramTypes, resultType, info);
    } else {
      FunctionType::ExtInfo info;
      return FunctionType::get(paramTypes, resultType, info);
    }
  }
  }
  llvm_unreachable("invalid decl kind");
}

NamedPattern *
NamingPatternRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator, VarDecl *VD) const {
  auto &Context = VD->getASTContext();
  auto *PBD = VD->getParentPatternBinding();
  // FIXME: In order for this request to properly express its dependencies,
  // all of the places that allow variable bindings need to also use pattern
  // binding decls. Otherwise, we'll have to go digging around in case
  // statements and patterns to find named patterns.
  if (PBD) {
    // FIXME: For now, this works because PatternBindingEntryRequest fills in
    // the naming pattern as a side effect in this case, and TypeCheckStmt
    // and TypeCheckPattern handle the others. But that's all really gross.
    unsigned i = PBD->getPatternEntryIndexForVarDecl(VD);
    (void)PBD->getCheckedPatternBindingEntry(i);
    if (PBD->isInvalid()) {
      VD->getParentPattern()->setType(ErrorType::get(Context));
      setBoundVarsTypeError(VD->getParentPattern(), Context);
      return nullptr;
    }
  } else if (!VD->getParentPatternStmt() && !VD->getParentVarDecl()) {
    // No parent?  That's an error.
    return nullptr;
  }

  // Go digging for the named pattern that declares this variable.
  auto *namingPattern = VD->NamingPattern;
  if (!namingPattern) {
    auto *canVD = VD->getCanonicalVarDecl();
    namingPattern = canVD->NamingPattern;
  }

  if (!namingPattern) {
    if (auto parentStmt = VD->getParentPatternStmt()) {
      // Try type checking parent control statement.
      if (auto condStmt = dyn_cast<LabeledConditionalStmt>(parentStmt)) {
        // The VarDecl is defined inside a condition of a `if` or `while` stmt.
        // Only type check the condition we care about: the one with the VarDecl
        bool foundVarDecl = false;
        for (auto &condElt : condStmt->getCond()) {
          if (auto pat = condElt.getPatternOrNull()) {
            if (!pat->containsVarDecl(VD)) {
              continue;
            }
            // We found the condition that declares the variable. Type check it
            // and stop the loop. The variable can only be declared once.

            // We don't care about isFalsable
            bool isFalsable = false;
            TypeChecker::typeCheckStmtConditionElement(condElt, isFalsable,
                                                       VD->getDeclContext());

            foundVarDecl = true;
            break;
          }
        }
        assert(foundVarDecl && "VarDecl not declared in its parent?");
        (void) foundVarDecl;
      } else {
        // We have some other parent stmt. Type check it completely.
        if (auto CS = dyn_cast<CaseStmt>(parentStmt))
          parentStmt = CS->getParentStmt();

        bool LeaveBodyUnchecked = true;
        // type-checking 'catch' patterns depends on the type checked body.
        if (isa<DoCatchStmt>(parentStmt))
          LeaveBodyUnchecked = false;

        ASTNode node(parentStmt);
        TypeChecker::typeCheckASTNode(node, VD->getDeclContext(),
                                      LeaveBodyUnchecked);
      }
      namingPattern = VD->getCanonicalVarDecl()->NamingPattern;
    }
  }

  if (!namingPattern) {
    // HACK: If no other diagnostic applies, emit a generic diagnostic about
    // a variable being unbound. We can't do better than this at the
    // moment because TypeCheckPattern does not reliably invalidate parts of
    // the pattern AST on failure.
    //
    // Once that's through, this will only fire during circular validation.
    if (VD->hasInterfaceType() &&
        !VD->isInvalid() && !VD->getParentPattern()->isImplicit()) {
      VD->diagnose(diag::variable_bound_by_no_pattern, VD);
    }

    VD->getParentPattern()->setType(ErrorType::get(Context));
    setBoundVarsTypeError(VD->getParentPattern(), Context);
    return nullptr;
  }

  if (!namingPattern->hasType()) {
    namingPattern->setType(ErrorType::get(Context));
    setBoundVarsTypeError(namingPattern, Context);
  }

  return namingPattern;
}

namespace {

// Utility class for deterministically ordering vtable entries for
// synthesized declarations.
struct SortedDeclList {
  using Key = std::tuple<DeclName, std::string>;
  using Entry = std::pair<Key, ValueDecl *>;
  SmallVector<Entry, 2> elts;
  bool sorted = false;

  void add(ValueDecl *vd) {
    assert(!isa<AccessorDecl>(vd));

    Key key{vd->getName(), vd->getInterfaceType()->getCanonicalType().getString()};
    elts.emplace_back(key, vd);
  }

  bool empty() { return elts.empty(); }

  void sort() {
    assert(!sorted);
    sorted = true;
    std::sort(elts.begin(),
              elts.end(),
              [](const Entry &lhs, const Entry &rhs) -> bool {
                return lhs.first < rhs.first;
              });
  }

  decltype(elts)::const_iterator begin() const {
    assert(sorted);
    return elts.begin();
  }

  decltype(elts)::const_iterator end() const {
    assert(sorted);
    return elts.end();
  }
};

} // end namespace

namespace {
  enum class MembersRequestKind {
    ABI,
    All,
  };

}

/// Evaluate a request for a particular set of members of an iterable
/// declaration context.
static ArrayRef<Decl *> evaluateMembersRequest(
  IterableDeclContext *idc, MembersRequestKind kind) {
  auto dc = cast<DeclContext>(idc->getDecl());
  auto &ctx = dc->getASTContext();
  SmallVector<Decl *, 8> result;

  // If there's no parent source file, everything is already in order.
  if (!dc->getParentSourceFile()) {
    for (auto *member : idc->getMembers())
      result.push_back(member);

    return ctx.AllocateCopy(result);
  }

  auto nominal = dyn_cast<NominalTypeDecl>(dc->getImplementedObjCContext());

  if (nominal) {
    // We need to add implicit initializers because they
    // affect vtable layout.
    TypeChecker::addImplicitConstructors(nominal);

    // Destructors don't affect vtable layout, but TBDGen needs to
    // see them, so we also force the destructor here.
    if (auto *classDecl = dyn_cast<ClassDecl>(nominal))
      (void) classDecl->getDestructor();
  }

  // Force any conformances that may introduce more members.
  for (auto conformance : idc->getLocalConformances()) {
    auto *normal = dyn_cast<NormalProtocolConformance>(
        conformance->getRootConformance());
    if (normal == nullptr)
      continue;

    auto proto = conformance->getProtocol();
    bool isDerivable = proto->getKnownDerivableProtocolKind().has_value();


    if (kind == MembersRequestKind::All &&
        !proto->getAssociatedTypeMembers().empty()) {
      evaluateOrDefault(ctx.evaluator,
                        ResolveTypeWitnessesRequest{normal},
                        evaluator::SideEffect());
    }

    if (isDerivable) {
      normal->resolveValueWitnesses();
    }
  }

  if (nominal) {
    // If the type conforms to Encodable or Decodable, even via an extension,
    // the CodingKeys enum is synthesized as a member of the type itself.
    // Force it into existence.
    (void) evaluateOrDefault(
      ctx.evaluator,
      ResolveImplicitMemberRequest{nominal,
                 ImplicitMemberAction::ResolveCodingKeys},
      {});
  }

  // Expand synthesized member macros.
  auto *mutableDecl = const_cast<Decl *>(idc->getDecl());
  (void)evaluateOrDefault(
      ctx.evaluator,
      ExpandSynthesizedMemberMacroRequest{mutableDecl},
      false);

  // If the decl has a @main attribute, we need to force synthesis of the
  // $main function.
  (void) evaluateOrDefault(
      ctx.evaluator,
      SynthesizeMainFunctionRequest{const_cast<Decl *>(idc->getDecl())},
      nullptr);

  for (auto *member : idc->getMembers()) {
    if (auto *var = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(member)) {
      // The projected storage wrapper ($foo) might have
      // dynamically-dispatched accessors, so force them to be synthesized.
      if (var->hasAttachedPropertyWrapper()) {
        (void) var->getPropertyWrapperAuxiliaryVariables();
        (void) var->getPropertyWrapperInitializerInfo();
      }
    }
  }

  SortedDeclList synthesizedMembers;

  std::function<void(Decl *)> addResult;
  addResult = [&](Decl *member) {
    member->visitAuxiliaryDecls(addResult);
    if (auto *vd = dyn_cast<ValueDecl>(member)) {
      // Add synthesized members to a side table and sort them by their mangled
      // name, since they could have been added to the class in any order.
      if (vd->isSynthesized() &&
          // FIXME: IRGen requires the distributed actor synthesized
          // properties to be in a specific order that is different
          // from ordering by their mangled name, so preserve the order
          // they were added in.
          !(nominal &&
            (vd == nominal->getDistributedActorIDProperty() ||
             vd == nominal->getDistributedActorSystemProperty()))) {
        synthesizedMembers.add(vd);
        return;
      }
    }
    result.push_back(member);
  };

  for (auto *member : idc->getMembers()) {
    addResult(member);
  }

  if (!synthesizedMembers.empty()) {
    synthesizedMembers.sort();
    for (const auto &pair : synthesizedMembers)
      result.push_back(pair.second);
  }

  return ctx.AllocateCopy(result);
}

ArrayRef<Decl *>
ABIMembersRequest::evaluate(
    Evaluator &evaluator, IterableDeclContext *idc) const {
  return evaluateMembersRequest(idc, MembersRequestKind::ABI);
}

ArrayRef<Decl *>
AllMembersRequest::evaluate(
    Evaluator &evaluator, IterableDeclContext *idc) const {
  return evaluateMembersRequest(idc, MembersRequestKind::All);
}

bool TypeChecker::isPassThroughTypealias(TypeAliasDecl *typealias,
                                         NominalTypeDecl *nominal) {
  // Pass-through only makes sense when the typealias refers to a nominal
  // type.
  if (!nominal) return false;

  // Check that the nominal type and the typealias are either both generic
  // at this level or neither are.
  if (nominal->isGeneric() != typealias->isGeneric())
    return false;

  // Make sure either both have generic signatures or neither do.
  auto nominalSig = nominal->getGenericSignature();
  auto typealiasSig = typealias->getGenericSignature();
  if (static_cast<bool>(nominalSig) != static_cast<bool>(typealiasSig))
    return false;

  // If neither is generic, we're done: it's a pass-through alias.
  if (!nominalSig) return true;

  // Check that the type parameters are the same the whole way through.
  auto nominalGenericParams = nominalSig.getGenericParams();
  auto typealiasGenericParams = typealiasSig.getGenericParams();
  if (nominalGenericParams.size() != typealiasGenericParams.size())
    return false;
  if (!std::equal(nominalGenericParams.begin(), nominalGenericParams.end(),
                  typealiasGenericParams.begin(),
                  [](GenericTypeParamType *gp1, GenericTypeParamType *gp2) {
                    return gp1->isEqual(gp2);
                  }))
    return false;

  // If neither is generic at this level, we have a pass-through typealias.
  if (!typealias->isGeneric()) return true;

  if (typealias->getUnderlyingType()->isEqual(
        nominal->getSelfInterfaceType())) {
    return true;
  }

  return false;
}

Type
ExtendedTypeRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &eval, ExtensionDecl *ext) const {
  auto error = [&ext]() {
    ext->setInvalid();
    return ErrorType::get(ext->getASTContext());
  };

  // If we didn't parse a type, fill in an error type and bail out.
  auto *extendedRepr = ext->getExtendedTypeRepr();
  if (!extendedRepr)
    return error();

  // Compute the extended type.
  TypeResolutionOptions options(TypeResolverContext::ExtensionBinding);
  if (ext->isInSpecializeExtensionContext())
    options |= TypeResolutionFlags::AllowUsableFromInline;
  const auto resolution = TypeResolution::forStructural(
      ext->getDeclContext(), options, nullptr,
      // FIXME: Don't let placeholder types escape type resolution.
      // For now, just return the placeholder type.
      PlaceholderType::get,
      /*packElementOpener*/ nullptr);

  auto extendedType = resolution.resolveType(extendedRepr);

  if (extendedType->hasError())
    return error();

  // Hack to allow extending a generic typealias.
  if (auto *unboundGeneric = extendedType->getAs<UnboundGenericType>()) {
    if (auto *aliasDecl = dyn_cast<TypeAliasDecl>(unboundGeneric->getDecl())) {
      auto underlyingType = aliasDecl->getUnderlyingType();
      if (auto extendedNominal = underlyingType->getAnyNominal()) {
        return TypeChecker::isPassThroughTypealias(
                   aliasDecl, extendedNominal)
                   ? extendedType
                   : extendedNominal->getDeclaredType();
      }

      if (underlyingType->is<TupleType>()) {
        return extendedType;
      }
    }
  }

  auto &diags = ext->getASTContext().Diags;

  // Cannot extend a metatype.
  if (extendedType->is<AnyMetatypeType>()) {
    diags.diagnose(ext->getLoc(), diag::extension_metatype, extendedType)
         .highlight(extendedRepr->getSourceRange());
    return error();
  }

  // Cannot extend function types, metatypes, existentials, etc.
  if (!extendedType->is<TupleType>() &&
      !extendedType->getAnyNominal() &&
      !extendedType->is<ParameterizedProtocolType>()) {
    diags.diagnose(ext->getLoc(), diag::non_nominal_extension, extendedType)
         .highlight(extendedRepr->getSourceRange());
    return error();
  }

  // Cannot extend types who contain placeholders.
  if (extendedType->hasPlaceholder()) {
    diags.diagnose(ext->getLoc(), diag::extension_placeholder)
      .highlight(extendedRepr->getSourceRange());
    return error();
  }

  return extendedType;
}

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// ImplicitKnownProtocolConformanceRequest
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
ProtocolConformance *
ImplicitKnownProtocolConformanceRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                                  NominalTypeDecl *nominal,
                                                  KnownProtocolKind kp) const {
  switch (kp) {
  case KnownProtocolKind::Sendable:
    return deriveImplicitSendableConformance(evaluator, nominal);
  case KnownProtocolKind::BitwiseCopyable:
    return deriveImplicitBitwiseCopyableConformance(nominal);
  default:
    llvm_unreachable("non-implicitly derived KnownProtocol");
  }
}

std::optional<llvm::ArrayRef<LifetimeDependenceInfo>>
LifetimeDependenceInfoRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &evaluator,
                                        AbstractFunctionDecl *decl) const {
  return LifetimeDependenceInfo::get(decl);
}

ArrayRef<IfConfigClauseRangeInfo> SourceFile::getIfConfigClauseRanges() const {
#if SWIFT_BUILD_SWIFT_SYNTAX
  if (!IfConfigClauseRanges.IsSorted) {
    IfConfigClauseRanges.Ranges.clear();

    BridgedIfConfigClauseRangeInfo *regions;
    intptr_t numRegions = swift_ASTGen_configuredRegions(
        getASTContext(), getExportedSourceFile(), &regions);
    IfConfigClauseRanges.Ranges.reserve(numRegions);
    for (intptr_t i = 0; i != numRegions; ++i)
      IfConfigClauseRanges.Ranges.push_back(regions[i].unbridged());
    swift_ASTGen_freeConfiguredRegions(regions, numRegions);

    IfConfigClauseRanges.IsSorted = true;
  }
#else
  if (!IfConfigClauseRanges.IsSorted) {
    auto &SM = getASTContext().SourceMgr;
    // Sort the ranges if we need to.
    llvm::sort(
        IfConfigClauseRanges.Ranges, [&](const IfConfigClauseRangeInfo &lhs,
                                         const IfConfigClauseRangeInfo &rhs) {
          return SM.isBeforeInBuffer(lhs.getStartLoc(), rhs.getStartLoc());
        });

    // Be defensive and eliminate duplicates in case we've parsed twice.
    auto newEnd = llvm::unique(
        IfConfigClauseRanges.Ranges, [&](const IfConfigClauseRangeInfo &lhs,
                                         const IfConfigClauseRangeInfo &rhs) {
          if (lhs.getStartLoc() != rhs.getStartLoc())
            return false;
          assert(lhs.getBodyRange(SM) == rhs.getBodyRange(SM) &&
                 "range changed on a re-parse?");
          return true;
        });
    IfConfigClauseRanges.Ranges.erase(newEnd,
                                      IfConfigClauseRanges.Ranges.end());
    IfConfigClauseRanges.IsSorted = true;
  }
#endif

  return IfConfigClauseRanges.Ranges;
}

ArrayRef<IfConfigClauseRangeInfo>
SourceFile::getIfConfigClausesWithin(SourceRange outer) const {
  auto &SM = getASTContext().SourceMgr;
  assert(SM.getRangeForBuffer(BufferID).contains(outer.Start) &&
         "Range not within this file?");

  // First let's find the first #if that is after the outer start loc.
  auto ranges = getIfConfigClauseRanges();
  auto lower = llvm::lower_bound(
      ranges, outer.Start,
      [&](const IfConfigClauseRangeInfo &range, SourceLoc loc) {
        return SM.isBeforeInBuffer(range.getStartLoc(), loc);
      });
  if (lower == ranges.end() ||
      SM.isBeforeInBuffer(outer.End, lower->getStartLoc())) {
    return {};
  }
  // Next let's find the first #if that's after the outer end loc.
  auto upper = llvm::upper_bound(
      ranges, outer.End,
      [&](SourceLoc loc, const IfConfigClauseRangeInfo &range) {
        return SM.isBeforeInBuffer(loc, range.getStartLoc());
      });
  return llvm::ArrayRef(lower, upper - lower);
}

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//
// PrettyPrintDeclRequest
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------//

/// Returns the access level for pretty-printed declarations.
///
/// This is always \c Public unless \p decl is a \c ValueDecl and its
/// access level is below \c Public. (That can happen with @testable and
/// @_private imports.)
static AccessLevel getBufferAccessLevel(const Decl *decl) {
  AccessLevel level = AccessLevel::Public;
  if (auto *VD = dyn_cast<ValueDecl>(decl))
    level = VD->getFormalAccessScope().accessLevelForDiagnostics();
  if (level > AccessLevel::Public) level = AccessLevel::Public;
  return level;
}

namespace {
  /// Keep track of the offsets at which a given target declaration is printed.
  class TrackingPrinter : public StreamPrinter {
    const Decl *targetDecl;

  public:
    std::optional<uint64_t> targetDeclOffset;

    TrackingPrinter(const Decl *targetDecl, raw_ostream &out)
      : StreamPrinter(out), targetDecl(targetDecl) { }

    void printDeclLoc(const Decl *D) override {
      if (D == targetDecl)
        targetDeclOffset = OS.tell();
    }
  };
}

SourceLoc PrettyPrintDeclRequest::evaluate(Evaluator &eval, const Decl *decl) const {
  // Conjure a buffer name for this declaration.
  SmallVector<std::string, 4> nameComponents;
  DeclContext *dc;
  if (auto valueDecl = dyn_cast<ValueDecl>(decl)) {
    nameComponents.push_back(valueDecl->getBaseName().userFacingName().str());
    dc = valueDecl->getDeclContext();
  } else {
    dc = decl->getInnermostDeclContext();
  }

  // Collect context information for the buffer name.
  while (dc) {
    switch (dc->getContextKind()) {
      case DeclContextKind::Package:
        break;
      case DeclContextKind::Module:
        nameComponents.push_back(
            cast<ModuleDecl>(dc)->getPublicModuleName(/*onlyIfImported=*/true
              ).str().str());
        break;

      case DeclContextKind::FileUnit:
      case DeclContextKind::TopLevelCodeDecl:
      case DeclContextKind::SerializedTopLevelCodeDecl:
        break;

      case DeclContextKind::ExtensionDecl:
        nameComponents.push_back(
            cast<ExtensionDecl>(dc)->getExtendedType().getString());
        break;

      case DeclContextKind::GenericTypeDecl:
      case DeclContextKind::Initializer:
      case DeclContextKind::AbstractClosureExpr:
      case DeclContextKind::SerializedAbstractClosure:
      case DeclContextKind::AbstractFunctionDecl:
      case DeclContextKind::SubscriptDecl:
      case DeclContextKind::EnumElementDecl:
      case DeclContextKind::MacroDecl:
        if (auto valueDecl = dyn_cast_or_null<ValueDecl>(dc->getAsDecl())) {
          nameComponents.push_back(
              valueDecl->getBaseName().userFacingName().str());
        }
        break;
    }

    dc = dc->getParent();
  }


  std::string bufferName;
  {
    llvm::raw_string_ostream out(bufferName);
    for (auto iter = nameComponents.rbegin(); iter != nameComponents.rend(); ++iter) {
      out << *iter;

      if (iter + 1 != nameComponents.rend())
        out << ".";
    }
  }

  // Compute the name of the enclosing type(s), if there is one. We'll embed the
  // printed declaration in the type definition to establish the lexical
  // context.
  std::vector<std::string> enclosingTypes;
  for (auto dc = decl->getDeclContext(); dc; dc = dc->getParent()) {
    if (auto nominal = dc->getSelfNominalTypeDecl()) {
      // The name of this enclosing type.
      auto nominalKindName =
          Decl::getDescriptiveKindName(nominal->getDescriptiveKind());
      enclosingTypes.push_back(
          (nominalKindName + " " +
            nominal->getBaseName().userFacingName()).str());

      // Jump from an extension over to the extended type.
      dc = nominal;
    }
  }
  std::reverse(enclosingTypes.begin(), enclosingTypes.end());

  // Render the buffer contents.
  ASTContext &ctx = decl->getASTContext();
  llvm::SmallString<128> bufferContents;
  uint64_t targetDeclOffsetInBuffer;
  {
    llvm::raw_svector_ostream out(bufferContents);

    // Produce the enclosing types.
    unsigned indent = 0;
    for (const auto &enclosingType : enclosingTypes) {
      out << std::string(indent, ' ') << enclosingType << " {\n";
      indent += 2;
    }

    // Print this declaration.
    TrackingPrinter printer(decl, out);
    printer.setIndent(indent);
    llvm::SaveAndRestore<bool> isPrettyPrinting(
        ctx.Diags.IsPrettyPrintingDecl, true);
    auto options = PrintOptions::printForDiagnostics(
        getBufferAccessLevel(decl),
        ctx.TypeCheckerOpts.PrintFullConvention);
    decl->print(printer, options);

    // Close all of the enclosing types.
    for (const auto & enclosingType: enclosingTypes) {
      (void)enclosingType;
      indent -= 2;
      out << std::string(indent, ' ') << "}\n";
    }
    assert(indent == 0);

    if (!printer.targetDeclOffset)
      return SourceLoc();

    targetDeclOffsetInBuffer = *printer.targetDeclOffset;
  }

  // Build a buffer with the pretty-printed declaration.
  SourceManager &sourceMgr = ctx.SourceMgr;
  auto bufferID = sourceMgr.addMemBufferCopy(bufferContents, bufferName);
  auto memBufferStartLoc = sourceMgr.getLocForBufferStart(bufferID);

  // Note that this is a pretty-printed buffer.
  sourceMgr.setGeneratedSourceInfo(
      bufferID,
      GeneratedSourceInfo{
        GeneratedSourceInfo::PrettyPrinted,
        CharSourceRange(),
        CharSourceRange(memBufferStartLoc, bufferContents.size()),
        ASTNode(const_cast<Decl *>(decl)).getOpaqueValue(),
        nullptr
      }
  );

  // Add a source file for the buffer.
  auto moduleDecl = decl->getDeclContext()->getParentModule();
  auto sourceFile = new (ctx) SourceFile(
      *moduleDecl, SourceFileKind::Library, bufferID);
  sourceFile->setImports({ });

  return memBufferStartLoc.getAdvancedLoc(targetDeclOffsetInBuffer);
}