feat: add fs/resolve-parent-paths

PR-URL: #2566 
Closes: #2565

---------

Signed-off-by: Snehil Shah <snehilshah.989@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Athan Reines <kgryte@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Athan Reines <kgryte@gmail.com> 
Reviewed-by: Philipp Burckhardt <pburckhardt@outlook.com>

Author: Snehil-Shah

lib/node_modules/@stdlib/fs/resolve-parent-paths/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+<!--
+
+@license Apache-2.0
+
+Copyright (c) 2024 The Stdlib Authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+
+-->
+
+# resolveParentPaths
+
+> Resolve paths from a set of paths by walking parent directories.
+
+<section class="usage">
+
+## Usage
+
+```javascript
+var resolveParentPaths = require( '@stdlib/fs/resolve-parent-paths' );
+```
+
+<a name="resolve-parent-paths"></a>
+
+#### resolveParentPaths( paths\[, options], clbk )
+
+Asynchronously resolves paths from a set of paths by walking parent directories.
+
+```javascript
+resolveParentPaths( [ 'package.json', 'package-lock.json' ], onPaths );
+
+function onPaths( error, paths ) {
+    if ( error ) {
+        throw error;
+    }
+    console.log( paths );
+    // => '...'
+}
+```
+
+The function accepts the following `options`:
+
+-   **dir**: base directory from which to begin walking. May be either an absolute path or a path relative to the current working directory.
+
+-   **mode**: mode of operation. The following modes are supported:
+
+    -   `first`: return the first resolved path.
+    -   `some`: return one or more paths resolved within the first directory level containing a match.
+    -   `all`: return all resolved paths within the first directory level containing matches for all provided paths.
+    -   `each`: independently return the first resolved path for each path at any directory level.
+    
+    Default: `'all'`.
+
+By default, the function begins walking from the current working directory. To specify an alternative directory, set the `dir` option.
+
+```javascript
+var opts = {
+    'dir': __dirname
+};
+resolveParentPaths( [ 'package.json' ], opts, onPaths );
+
+function onPaths( error, paths ) {
+    if ( error ) {
+        throw error;
+    }
+    console.log( paths );
+    // => '...'
+}
+```
+
+By default, the function requires that a directory contains matches for all provided paths before returning results. To specify an alternative operation mode, set the `mode` option.
+
+```javascript
+var opts = {
+    'dir': __dirname,
+    'mode': 'first'
+};
+resolveParentPaths( [ 'package.json', 'package-lock.json' ], opts, onPaths );
+
+function onPaths( error, paths ) {
+    if ( error ) {
+        throw error;
+    }
+    console.log( paths );
+    // => '...'
+}
+```
+
+#### resolveParentPaths.sync( paths\[, options] )
+
+Synchronously resolves paths from a set of paths by walking parent directories.
+
+```javascript
+var paths = resolveParentPaths.sync( [ 'package.json', 'README.md' ] );
+// returns [ '...', '...' ]
+```
+
+The function accepts the same `options` as [`resolveParentPaths()`](#resolve-parent-paths).
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.usage -->
+
+<section class="notes">
+
+## Notes
+
+-   In `some` mode, the return order of asynchronously resolved paths is not guaranteed.
+-   This implementation is **not** similar in functionality to core [`path.resolve`][node-core-path-resolve]. The latter performs string manipulation to generate a full path. This implementation walks parent directories to perform a **search**, thereby touching the file system. Accordingly, this implementation resolves _real_ absolute file paths and is intended for use when a target's location in a parent directory is unknown relative to a child directory; e.g., when wanting to find a package root from deep within a package directory. 
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.notes -->
+
+<section class="examples">
+
+## Examples
+
+<!-- eslint no-undef: "error" -->
+
+```javascript
+var resolveParentPaths = require( '@stdlib/fs/resolve-parent-paths' );
+
+var opts = {
+    'dir': __dirname
+};
+
+/* Sync */
+
+var out = resolveParentPaths.sync( [ 'package.json', 'README.md' ], opts );
+// returns [ '...', '...' ]
+
+out = resolveParentPaths.sync( [ 'non_existent_basename' ], opts );
+// returns []
+
+opts.mode = 'first';
+out = resolveParentPaths.sync( [ 'non_existent_basename', 'package.json' ], opts );
+// returns [ '...' ]
+
+/* Async */
+
+resolveParentPaths( [ 'package.json', 'README.md' ], opts, onPaths );
+resolveParentPaths( [ './../non_existent_path' ], onPaths );
+
+function onPaths( error, paths ) {
+    if ( error ) {
+        throw error;
+    }
+    console.log( paths );
+}
+```
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.examples -->
+
+* * *
+
+<section class="cli">
+
+## CLI
+
+<section class="usage">
+
+### Usage
+
+```text
+Usage: resolve-parent-paths [options] <path> [<path>...]
+
+Options:
+
+  -h,    --help                Print this message.
+  -V,    --version             Print the package version.
+         --dir dir             Base search directory.
+         --mode mode           Mode of operation.
+```
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.usage -->
+
+<section class="examples">
+
+### Examples
+
+```bash
+$ resolve-parent-paths package.json package-lock.json
+```
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.examples -->
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.cli -->
+
+<!-- Section for related `stdlib` packages. Do not manually edit this section, as it is automatically populated. -->
+
+<section class="related">
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.related -->
+
+<!-- Section for all links. Make sure to keep an empty line after the `section` element and another before the `/section` close. -->
+
+<section class="links">
+
+[node-core-path-resolve]: https://nodejs.org/api/path.html#path_path_resolve_paths
+
+<!-- <related-links> -->
+
+<!-- </related-links> -->
+
+</section>
+
+<!-- /.links -->