Update quick_sort.md #19
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问题
快速排序,这是一个经典的算法,本文给出几种python的写法,供参考。
特别是python能用一句话实现快速排序。
思路说明
快速排序是C.R.A.Hoare于1962年提出的一种划分交换排序。它采用了一种分治的策略,通常称其为分治法(Divide-and-ConquerMethod)。
(1) 分治法的基本思想
分治法的基本思想是:将原问题分解为若干个规模更小但结构与原问题相似的子问题。递归地解这些子问题,然后将这些子问题的解组合为原问题的解。
(2)快速排序的基本思想
设当前待排序的无序区为R[low..high],利用分治法可将快速排序的基本思想描述为:
分解:
在R[low..high]中任选一个记录作为基准(Pivot),以此基准将当前无序区划分为左、右两个较小的子区间R[low..pivotpos-1)和R[pivotpos+1..high],并使左边子区间中所有记录的关键字均小于等于基准记录(不妨记为pivot)的关键字pivot.key,右边的子区间中所有记录的关键字均大于等于pivot.key,而基准记录pivot则位于正确的位置(pivotpos)上,它无须参加后续的排序。
注意:
划分的关键是要求出基准记录所在的位置pivotpos。划分的结果可以简单地表示为(注意pivot=R[pivotpos]):
R[low..pivotpos-1].keys≤R[pivotpos].key≤R[pivotpos+1..high].keys
其中low≤pivotpos≤high。
求解:
通过递归调用快速排序对左、右子区间R[low..pivotpos-1]和R[pivotpos+1..high]快速排序。
组合:
因为当"求解"步骤中的两个递归调用结束时,其左、右两个子区间已有序。对快速排序而言,"组合"步骤无须做什么,可看作是空操作。
解决(Python)