gh-95754: Better AttributeError on partially initialised module (#112577)

Co-authored-by: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>

Author: hauntsaninja

Diff for: Lib/test/test_import/__init__.py

@@ -1632,6 +1632,14 @@ def test_circular_from_import(self):
             str(cm.exception),
         )
 
+    def test_circular_import(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(
+            AttributeError,
+            r"partially initialized module 'test.test_import.data.circular_imports.import_cycle' "
+            r"from '.*' has no attribute 'some_attribute' \(most likely due to a circular import\)"
+        ):
+            import test.test_import.data.circular_imports.import_cycle
+
     def test_absolute_circular_submodule(self):
         with self.assertRaises(AttributeError) as cm:
             import test.test_import.data.circular_imports.subpkg2.parent

Diff for: Lib/test/test_import/data/circular_imports/import_cycle.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+import test.test_import.data.circular_imports.import_cycle as m
+
+m.some_attribute

Diff for: Misc/NEWS.d/next/Core and Builtins/2023-12-01-08-16-10.gh-issue-95754.ae4gwy.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Provide a better error message when accessing invalid attributes on partially initialized modules. The origin of the module being accessed is now included in the message to help with the common issue of shadowing other modules.

Diff for: Objects/moduleobject.c

@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ PyObject*
 _Py_module_getattro_impl(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *name, int suppress)
 {
     // When suppress=1, this function suppresses AttributeError.
-    PyObject *attr, *mod_name, *getattr;
+    PyObject *attr, *mod_name, *getattr, *origin;
     attr = _PyObject_GenericGetAttrWithDict((PyObject *)m, name, NULL, suppress);
     if (attr) {
         return attr;
@@ -831,11 +831,31 @@ _Py_module_getattro_impl(PyModuleObject *m, PyObject *name, int suppress)
         if (suppress != 1) {
             int rc = _PyModuleSpec_IsInitializing(spec);
             if (rc > 0) {
-                PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
+                int valid_spec = PyObject_GetOptionalAttr(spec, &_Py_ID(origin), &origin);
+                if (valid_spec == -1) {
+                    Py_XDECREF(spec);
+                    Py_DECREF(mod_name);
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                if (valid_spec == 1 && !PyUnicode_Check(origin)) {
+                    valid_spec = 0;
+                    Py_DECREF(origin);
+                }
+                if (valid_spec == 1) {
+                    PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
+                                "partially initialized "
+                                "module '%U' from '%U' has no attribute '%U' "
+                                "(most likely due to a circular import)",
+                                mod_name, origin, name);
+                    Py_DECREF(origin);
+                }
+                else {
+                    PyErr_Format(PyExc_AttributeError,
                                 "partially initialized "
                                 "module '%U' has no attribute '%U' "
                                 "(most likely due to a circular import)",
                                 mod_name, name);
+                }
             }
             else if (rc == 0) {
                 rc = _PyModuleSpec_IsUninitializedSubmodule(spec, name);