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pylifecycle.c
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/* Python interpreter top-level routines, including init/exit */
#include "Python.h"
#include "Python-ast.h"
#undef Yield /* undefine macro conflicting with winbase.h */
#include "internal/pystate.h"
#include "grammar.h"
#include "node.h"
#include "token.h"
#include "parsetok.h"
#include "errcode.h"
#include "code.h"
#include "symtable.h"
#include "ast.h"
#include "marshal.h"
#include "osdefs.h"
#include <locale.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SIGNAL_H
#include <signal.h>
#endif
#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
#include "malloc.h" /* for alloca */
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_H
#include <langinfo.h>
#endif
#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
#undef BYTE
#include "windows.h"
extern PyTypeObject PyWindowsConsoleIO_Type;
#define PyWindowsConsoleIO_Check(op) (PyObject_TypeCheck((op), &PyWindowsConsoleIO_Type))
#endif
_Py_IDENTIFIER(flush);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(name);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(stdin);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(stdout);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(stderr);
_Py_IDENTIFIER(threading);
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
extern wchar_t *Py_GetPath(void);
extern grammar _PyParser_Grammar; /* From graminit.c */
/* Forward */
static void initmain(PyInterpreterState *interp);
static int initfsencoding(PyInterpreterState *interp);
static void initsite(void);
static int initstdio(void);
static void initsigs(void);
static void call_py_exitfuncs(void);
static void wait_for_thread_shutdown(void);
static void call_ll_exitfuncs(void);
extern int _PyUnicode_Init(void);
extern int _PyStructSequence_Init(void);
extern void _PyUnicode_Fini(void);
extern int _PyLong_Init(void);
extern void PyLong_Fini(void);
extern int _PyFaulthandler_Init(void);
extern void _PyFaulthandler_Fini(void);
extern void _PyHash_Fini(void);
extern int _PyTraceMalloc_Init(void);
extern int _PyTraceMalloc_Fini(void);
extern void _Py_ReadyTypes(void);
extern void _PyGILState_Init(PyInterpreterState *, PyThreadState *);
extern void _PyGILState_Fini(void);
_PyRuntimeState _PyRuntime = {0, 0};
void
_PyRuntime_Initialize(void)
{
/* XXX We only initialize once in the process, which aligns with
the static initialization of the former globals now found in
_PyRuntime. However, _PyRuntime *should* be initialized with
every Py_Initialize() call, but doing so breaks the runtime.
This is because the runtime state is not properly finalized
currently. */
static int initialized = 0;
if (initialized)
return;
initialized = 1;
_PyRuntimeState_Init(&_PyRuntime);
}
void
_PyRuntime_Finalize(void)
{
_PyRuntimeState_Fini(&_PyRuntime);
}
int
_Py_IsFinalizing(void)
{
return _PyRuntime.finalizing != NULL;
}
/* Global configuration variable declarations are in pydebug.h */
/* XXX (ncoghlan): move those declarations to pylifecycle.h? */
int Py_DebugFlag; /* Needed by parser.c */
int Py_VerboseFlag; /* Needed by import.c */
int Py_QuietFlag; /* Needed by sysmodule.c */
int Py_InteractiveFlag; /* Needed by Py_FdIsInteractive() below */
int Py_InspectFlag; /* Needed to determine whether to exit at SystemExit */
int Py_OptimizeFlag = 0; /* Needed by compile.c */
int Py_NoSiteFlag; /* Suppress 'import site' */
int Py_BytesWarningFlag; /* Warn on str(bytes) and str(buffer) */
int Py_UseClassExceptionsFlag = 1; /* Needed by bltinmodule.c: deprecated */
int Py_FrozenFlag; /* Needed by getpath.c */
int Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag; /* e.g. PYTHONPATH, PYTHONHOME */
int Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag; /* Suppress writing bytecode files (*.pyc) */
int Py_NoUserSiteDirectory = 0; /* for -s and site.py */
int Py_UnbufferedStdioFlag = 0; /* Unbuffered binary std{in,out,err} */
int Py_HashRandomizationFlag = 0; /* for -R and PYTHONHASHSEED */
int Py_IsolatedFlag = 0; /* for -I, isolate from user's env */
#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
int Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag = 0; /* Uses mbcs instead of utf-8 */
int Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag = 0; /* Uses FileIO instead of WindowsConsoleIO */
#endif
/* Hack to force loading of object files */
int (*_PyOS_mystrnicmp_hack)(const char *, const char *, Py_ssize_t) = \
PyOS_mystrnicmp; /* Python/pystrcmp.o */
/* PyModule_GetWarningsModule is no longer necessary as of 2.6
since _warnings is builtin. This API should not be used. */
PyObject *
PyModule_GetWarningsModule(void)
{
return PyImport_ImportModule("warnings");
}
/* APIs to access the initialization flags
*
* Can be called prior to Py_Initialize.
*/
int
_Py_IsCoreInitialized(void)
{
return _PyRuntime.core_initialized;
}
int
Py_IsInitialized(void)
{
return _PyRuntime.initialized;
}
/* Helper to allow an embedding application to override the normal
* mechanism that attempts to figure out an appropriate IO encoding
*/
static char *_Py_StandardStreamEncoding = NULL;
static char *_Py_StandardStreamErrors = NULL;
int
Py_SetStandardStreamEncoding(const char *encoding, const char *errors)
{
if (Py_IsInitialized()) {
/* This is too late to have any effect */
return -1;
}
/* Can't call PyErr_NoMemory() on errors, as Python hasn't been
* initialised yet.
*
* However, the raw memory allocators are initialised appropriately
* as C static variables, so _PyMem_RawStrdup is OK even though
* Py_Initialize hasn't been called yet.
*/
if (encoding) {
_Py_StandardStreamEncoding = _PyMem_RawStrdup(encoding);
if (!_Py_StandardStreamEncoding) {
return -2;
}
}
if (errors) {
_Py_StandardStreamErrors = _PyMem_RawStrdup(errors);
if (!_Py_StandardStreamErrors) {
if (_Py_StandardStreamEncoding) {
PyMem_RawFree(_Py_StandardStreamEncoding);
}
return -3;
}
}
#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
if (_Py_StandardStreamEncoding) {
/* Overriding the stream encoding implies legacy streams */
Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag = 1;
}
#endif
return 0;
}
/* Global initializations. Can be undone by Py_FinalizeEx(). Don't
call this twice without an intervening Py_FinalizeEx() call. When
initializations fail, a fatal error is issued and the function does
not return. On return, the first thread and interpreter state have
been created.
Locking: you must hold the interpreter lock while calling this.
(If the lock has not yet been initialized, that's equivalent to
having the lock, but you cannot use multiple threads.)
*/
static int
add_flag(int flag, const char *envs)
{
int env = atoi(envs);
if (flag < env)
flag = env;
if (flag < 1)
flag = 1;
return flag;
}
static char*
get_codec_name(const char *encoding)
{
const char *name_utf8;
char *name_str;
PyObject *codec, *name = NULL;
codec = _PyCodec_Lookup(encoding);
if (!codec)
goto error;
name = _PyObject_GetAttrId(codec, &PyId_name);
Py_CLEAR(codec);
if (!name)
goto error;
name_utf8 = PyUnicode_AsUTF8(name);
if (name_utf8 == NULL)
goto error;
name_str = _PyMem_RawStrdup(name_utf8);
Py_DECREF(name);
if (name_str == NULL) {
PyErr_NoMemory();
return NULL;
}
return name_str;
error:
Py_XDECREF(codec);
Py_XDECREF(name);
return NULL;
}
static char*
get_locale_encoding(void)
{
#if defined(HAVE_LANGINFO_H) && defined(CODESET)
char* codeset = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
if (!codeset || codeset[0] == '\0') {
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError, "CODESET is not set or empty");
return NULL;
}
return get_codec_name(codeset);
#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
return get_codec_name("UTF-8");
#else
PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_NotImplementedError);
return NULL;
#endif
}
static void
initimport(PyInterpreterState *interp, PyObject *sysmod)
{
PyObject *importlib;
PyObject *impmod;
PyObject *value;
/* Import _importlib through its frozen version, _frozen_importlib. */
if (PyImport_ImportFrozenModule("_frozen_importlib") <= 0) {
Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't import _frozen_importlib");
}
else if (Py_VerboseFlag) {
PySys_FormatStderr("import _frozen_importlib # frozen\n");
}
importlib = PyImport_AddModule("_frozen_importlib");
if (importlib == NULL) {
Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: couldn't get _frozen_importlib from "
"sys.modules");
}
interp->importlib = importlib;
Py_INCREF(interp->importlib);
interp->import_func = PyDict_GetItemString(interp->builtins, "__import__");
if (interp->import_func == NULL)
Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: __import__ not found");
Py_INCREF(interp->import_func);
/* Import the _imp module */
impmod = PyInit_imp();
if (impmod == NULL) {
Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't import _imp");
}
else if (Py_VerboseFlag) {
PySys_FormatStderr("import _imp # builtin\n");
}
if (_PyImport_SetModuleString("_imp", impmod) < 0) {
Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't save _imp to sys.modules");
}
/* Install importlib as the implementation of import */
value = PyObject_CallMethod(importlib, "_install", "OO", sysmod, impmod);
if (value != NULL) {
Py_DECREF(value);
value = PyObject_CallMethod(importlib,
"_install_external_importers", "");
}
if (value == NULL) {
PyErr_Print();
Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: importlib install failed");
}
Py_DECREF(value);
Py_DECREF(impmod);
_PyImportZip_Init();
}
static void
initexternalimport(PyInterpreterState *interp)
{
PyObject *value;
value = PyObject_CallMethod(interp->importlib,
"_install_external_importers", "");
if (value == NULL) {
PyErr_Print();
Py_FatalError("Py_EndInitialization: external importer setup failed");
}
Py_DECREF(value);
}
/* Helper functions to better handle the legacy C locale
*
* The legacy C locale assumes ASCII as the default text encoding, which
* causes problems not only for the CPython runtime, but also other
* components like GNU readline.
*
* Accordingly, when the CLI detects it, it attempts to coerce it to a
* more capable UTF-8 based alternative as follows:
*
* if (_Py_LegacyLocaleDetected()) {
* _Py_CoerceLegacyLocale();
* }
*
* See the documentation of the PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE setting for more details.
*
* Locale coercion also impacts the default error handler for the standard
* streams: while the usual default is "strict", the default for the legacy
* C locale and for any of the coercion target locales is "surrogateescape".
*/
int
_Py_LegacyLocaleDetected(void)
{
#ifndef MS_WINDOWS
/* On non-Windows systems, the C locale is considered a legacy locale */
/* XXX (ncoghlan): some platforms (notably Mac OS X) don't appear to treat
* the POSIX locale as a simple alias for the C locale, so
* we may also want to check for that explicitly.
*/
const char *ctype_loc = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
return ctype_loc != NULL && strcmp(ctype_loc, "C") == 0;
#else
/* Windows uses code pages instead of locales, so no locale is legacy */
return 0;
#endif
}
static const char *_C_LOCALE_WARNING =
"Python runtime initialized with LC_CTYPE=C (a locale with default ASCII "
"encoding), which may cause Unicode compatibility problems. Using C.UTF-8, "
"C.utf8, or UTF-8 (if available) as alternative Unicode-compatible "
"locales is recommended.\n";
static int
_legacy_locale_warnings_enabled(void)
{
const char *coerce_c_locale = getenv("PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE");
return (coerce_c_locale != NULL &&
strncmp(coerce_c_locale, "warn", 5) == 0);
}
static void
_emit_stderr_warning_for_legacy_locale(void)
{
if (_legacy_locale_warnings_enabled()) {
if (_Py_LegacyLocaleDetected()) {
fprintf(stderr, "%s", _C_LOCALE_WARNING);
}
}
}
typedef struct _CandidateLocale {
const char *locale_name; /* The locale to try as a coercion target */
} _LocaleCoercionTarget;
static _LocaleCoercionTarget _TARGET_LOCALES[] = {
{"C.UTF-8"},
{"C.utf8"},
{"UTF-8"},
{NULL}
};
static char *
get_default_standard_stream_error_handler(void)
{
const char *ctype_loc = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
if (ctype_loc != NULL) {
/* "surrogateescape" is the default in the legacy C locale */
if (strcmp(ctype_loc, "C") == 0) {
return "surrogateescape";
}
#ifdef PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE
/* "surrogateescape" is the default in locale coercion target locales */
const _LocaleCoercionTarget *target = NULL;
for (target = _TARGET_LOCALES; target->locale_name; target++) {
if (strcmp(ctype_loc, target->locale_name) == 0) {
return "surrogateescape";
}
}
#endif
}
/* Otherwise return NULL to request the typical default error handler */
return NULL;
}
#ifdef PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE
static const char *_C_LOCALE_COERCION_WARNING =
"Python detected LC_CTYPE=C: LC_CTYPE coerced to %.20s (set another locale "
"or PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE=0 to disable this locale coercion behavior).\n";
static void
_coerce_default_locale_settings(const _LocaleCoercionTarget *target)
{
const char *newloc = target->locale_name;
/* Reset locale back to currently configured defaults */
setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
/* Set the relevant locale environment variable */
if (setenv("LC_CTYPE", newloc, 1)) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Error setting LC_CTYPE, skipping C locale coercion\n");
return;
}
if (_legacy_locale_warnings_enabled()) {
fprintf(stderr, _C_LOCALE_COERCION_WARNING, newloc);
}
/* Reconfigure with the overridden environment variables */
setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
}
#endif
void
_Py_CoerceLegacyLocale(void)
{
#ifdef PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE
/* We ignore the Python -E and -I flags here, as the CLI needs to sort out
* the locale settings *before* we try to do anything with the command
* line arguments. For cross-platform debugging purposes, we also need
* to give end users a way to force even scripts that are otherwise
* isolated from their environment to use the legacy ASCII-centric C
* locale.
*
* Ignoring -E and -I is safe from a security perspective, as we only use
* the setting to turn *off* the implicit locale coercion, and anyone with
* access to the process environment already has the ability to set
* `LC_ALL=C` to override the C level locale settings anyway.
*/
const char *coerce_c_locale = getenv("PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE");
if (coerce_c_locale == NULL || strncmp(coerce_c_locale, "0", 2) != 0) {
/* PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE is not set, or is set to something other than "0" */
const char *locale_override = getenv("LC_ALL");
if (locale_override == NULL || *locale_override == '\0') {
/* LC_ALL is also not set (or is set to an empty string) */
const _LocaleCoercionTarget *target = NULL;
for (target = _TARGET_LOCALES; target->locale_name; target++) {
const char *new_locale = setlocale(LC_CTYPE,
target->locale_name);
if (new_locale != NULL) {
#if !defined(__APPLE__) && defined(HAVE_LANGINFO_H) && defined(CODESET)
/* Also ensure that nl_langinfo works in this locale */
char *codeset = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
if (!codeset || *codeset == '\0') {
/* CODESET is not set or empty, so skip coercion */
new_locale = NULL;
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
continue;
}
#endif
/* Successfully configured locale, so make it the default */
_coerce_default_locale_settings(target);
return;
}
}
}
}
/* No C locale warning here, as Py_Initialize will emit one later */
#endif
}
/* Global initializations. Can be undone by Py_Finalize(). Don't
call this twice without an intervening Py_Finalize() call.
Every call to Py_InitializeCore, Py_Initialize or Py_InitializeEx
must have a corresponding call to Py_Finalize.
Locking: you must hold the interpreter lock while calling these APIs.
(If the lock has not yet been initialized, that's equivalent to
having the lock, but you cannot use multiple threads.)
*/
/* Begin interpreter initialization
*
* On return, the first thread and interpreter state have been created,
* but the compiler, signal handling, multithreading and
* multiple interpreter support, and codec infrastructure are not yet
* available.
*
* The import system will support builtin and frozen modules only.
* The only supported io is writing to sys.stderr
*
* If any operation invoked by this function fails, a fatal error is
* issued and the function does not return.
*
* Any code invoked from this function should *not* assume it has access
* to the Python C API (unless the API is explicitly listed as being
* safe to call without calling Py_Initialize first)
*/
/* TODO: Progressively move functionality from Py_BeginInitialization to
* Py_ReadConfig and Py_EndInitialization
*/
void _Py_InitializeCore(const _PyCoreConfig *config)
{
PyInterpreterState *interp;
PyThreadState *tstate;
PyObject *bimod, *sysmod, *pstderr;
char *p;
_PyCoreConfig core_config = _PyCoreConfig_INIT;
_PyMainInterpreterConfig preinit_config = _PyMainInterpreterConfig_INIT;
_PyRuntime_Initialize();
if (config != NULL) {
core_config = *config;
}
if (_PyRuntime.initialized) {
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: main interpreter already initialized");
}
if (_PyRuntime.core_initialized) {
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: runtime core already initialized");
}
/* Py_Finalize leaves _Py_Finalizing set in order to help daemon
* threads behave a little more gracefully at interpreter shutdown.
* We clobber it here so the new interpreter can start with a clean
* slate.
*
* However, this may still lead to misbehaviour if there are daemon
* threads still hanging around from a previous Py_Initialize/Finalize
* pair :(
*/
_PyRuntime.finalizing = NULL;
if (_PyMem_SetupAllocators(core_config.allocator) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,
"Error in PYTHONMALLOC: unknown allocator \"%s\"!\n",
core_config.allocator);
exit(1);
}
#ifdef __ANDROID__
/* Passing "" to setlocale() on Android requests the C locale rather
* than checking environment variables, so request C.UTF-8 explicitly
*/
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "C.UTF-8");
#else
#ifndef MS_WINDOWS
/* Set up the LC_CTYPE locale, so we can obtain
the locale's charset without having to switch
locales. */
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
_emit_stderr_warning_for_legacy_locale();
#endif
#endif
if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONDEBUG")) && *p != '\0')
Py_DebugFlag = add_flag(Py_DebugFlag, p);
if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONVERBOSE")) && *p != '\0')
Py_VerboseFlag = add_flag(Py_VerboseFlag, p);
if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONOPTIMIZE")) && *p != '\0')
Py_OptimizeFlag = add_flag(Py_OptimizeFlag, p);
if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE")) && *p != '\0')
Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag = add_flag(Py_DontWriteBytecodeFlag, p);
/* The variable is only tested for existence here;
_Py_HashRandomization_Init will check its value further. */
if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONHASHSEED")) && *p != '\0')
Py_HashRandomizationFlag = add_flag(Py_HashRandomizationFlag, p);
#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSFSENCODING")) && *p != '\0')
Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag = add_flag(Py_LegacyWindowsFSEncodingFlag, p);
if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONLEGACYWINDOWSSTDIO")) && *p != '\0')
Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag = add_flag(Py_LegacyWindowsStdioFlag, p);
#endif
_Py_HashRandomization_Init(&core_config);
if (!core_config.use_hash_seed || core_config.hash_seed) {
/* Random or non-zero hash seed */
Py_HashRandomizationFlag = 1;
}
_PyInterpreterState_Enable(&_PyRuntime);
interp = PyInterpreterState_New();
if (interp == NULL)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: can't make main interpreter");
interp->core_config = core_config;
interp->config = preinit_config;
tstate = PyThreadState_New(interp);
if (tstate == NULL)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: can't make first thread");
(void) PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);
/* We can't call _PyEval_FiniThreads() in Py_FinalizeEx because
destroying the GIL might fail when it is being referenced from
another running thread (see issue #9901).
Instead we destroy the previously created GIL here, which ensures
that we can call Py_Initialize / Py_FinalizeEx multiple times. */
_PyEval_FiniThreads();
/* Auto-thread-state API */
_PyGILState_Init(interp, tstate);
_Py_ReadyTypes();
if (!_PyFrame_Init())
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: can't init frames");
if (!_PyLong_Init())
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: can't init longs");
if (!PyByteArray_Init())
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: can't init bytearray");
if (!_PyFloat_Init())
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: can't init float");
PyObject *modules = PyDict_New();
if (modules == NULL)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: can't make modules dictionary");
interp->modules = modules;
sysmod = _PySys_BeginInit();
if (sysmod == NULL)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: can't initialize sys");
interp->sysdict = PyModule_GetDict(sysmod);
if (interp->sysdict == NULL)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: can't initialize sys dict");
Py_INCREF(interp->sysdict);
PyDict_SetItemString(interp->sysdict, "modules", modules);
_PyImport_FixupBuiltin(sysmod, "sys", modules);
/* Init Unicode implementation; relies on the codec registry */
if (_PyUnicode_Init() < 0)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: can't initialize unicode");
if (_PyStructSequence_Init() < 0)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: can't initialize structseq");
bimod = _PyBuiltin_Init();
if (bimod == NULL)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: can't initialize builtins modules");
_PyImport_FixupBuiltin(bimod, "builtins", modules);
interp->builtins = PyModule_GetDict(bimod);
if (interp->builtins == NULL)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: can't initialize builtins dict");
Py_INCREF(interp->builtins);
/* initialize builtin exceptions */
_PyExc_Init(bimod);
/* Set up a preliminary stderr printer until we have enough
infrastructure for the io module in place. */
pstderr = PyFile_NewStdPrinter(fileno(stderr));
if (pstderr == NULL)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeCore: can't set preliminary stderr");
_PySys_SetObjectId(&PyId_stderr, pstderr);
PySys_SetObject("__stderr__", pstderr);
Py_DECREF(pstderr);
_PyImport_Init();
_PyImportHooks_Init();
/* Initialize _warnings. */
_PyWarnings_Init();
/* This call sets up builtin and frozen import support */
if (!interp->core_config._disable_importlib) {
initimport(interp, sysmod);
}
/* Only when we get here is the runtime core fully initialized */
_PyRuntime.core_initialized = 1;
}
/* Read configuration settings from standard locations
*
* This function doesn't make any changes to the interpreter state - it
* merely populates any missing configuration settings. This allows an
* embedding application to completely override a config option by
* setting it before calling this function, or else modify the default
* setting before passing the fully populated config to Py_EndInitialization.
*
* More advanced selective initialization tricks are possible by calling
* this function multiple times with various preconfigured settings.
*/
int _Py_ReadMainInterpreterConfig(_PyMainInterpreterConfig *config)
{
/* Signal handlers are installed by default */
if (config->install_signal_handlers < 0) {
config->install_signal_handlers = 1;
}
return 0;
}
/* Update interpreter state based on supplied configuration settings
*
* After calling this function, most of the restrictions on the interpreter
* are lifted. The only remaining incomplete settings are those related
* to the main module (sys.argv[0], __main__ metadata)
*
* Calling this when the interpreter is not initializing, is already
* initialized or without a valid current thread state is a fatal error.
* Other errors should be reported as normal Python exceptions with a
* non-zero return code.
*/
int _Py_InitializeMainInterpreter(const _PyMainInterpreterConfig *config)
{
PyInterpreterState *interp;
PyThreadState *tstate;
if (!_PyRuntime.core_initialized) {
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeMainInterpreter: runtime core not initialized");
}
if (_PyRuntime.initialized) {
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeMainInterpreter: main interpreter already initialized");
}
/* Get current thread state and interpreter pointer */
tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
if (!tstate)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeMainInterpreter: failed to read thread state");
interp = tstate->interp;
if (!interp)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeMainInterpreter: failed to get interpreter");
/* Now finish configuring the main interpreter */
interp->config = *config;
if (interp->core_config._disable_importlib) {
/* Special mode for freeze_importlib: run with no import system
*
* This means anything which needs support from extension modules
* or pure Python code in the standard library won't work.
*/
_PyRuntime.initialized = 1;
return 0;
}
/* TODO: Report exceptions rather than fatal errors below here */
if (_PyTime_Init() < 0)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeMainInterpreter: can't initialize time");
/* Finish setting up the sys module and import system */
/* GetPath may initialize state that _PySys_EndInit locks
in, and so has to be called first. */
/* TODO: Call Py_GetPath() in Py_ReadConfig, rather than here */
PySys_SetPath(Py_GetPath());
if (_PySys_EndInit(interp->sysdict) < 0)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeMainInterpreter: can't finish initializing sys");
initexternalimport(interp);
/* initialize the faulthandler module */
if (_PyFaulthandler_Init())
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeMainInterpreter: can't initialize faulthandler");
if (initfsencoding(interp) < 0)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeMainInterpreter: unable to load the file system codec");
if (config->install_signal_handlers)
initsigs(); /* Signal handling stuff, including initintr() */
if (_PyTraceMalloc_Init() < 0)
Py_FatalError("Py_InitializeMainInterpreter: can't initialize tracemalloc");
initmain(interp); /* Module __main__ */
if (initstdio() < 0)
Py_FatalError(
"Py_InitializeMainInterpreter: can't initialize sys standard streams");
/* Initialize warnings. */
if (PySys_HasWarnOptions()) {
PyObject *warnings_module = PyImport_ImportModule("warnings");
if (warnings_module == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "'import warnings' failed; traceback:\n");
PyErr_Print();
}
Py_XDECREF(warnings_module);
}
_PyRuntime.initialized = 1;
if (!Py_NoSiteFlag)
initsite(); /* Module site */
return 0;
}
#undef _INIT_DEBUG_PRINT
void
_Py_InitializeEx_Private(int install_sigs, int install_importlib)
{
_PyCoreConfig core_config = _PyCoreConfig_INIT;
_PyMainInterpreterConfig config = _PyMainInterpreterConfig_INIT;
/* TODO: Moar config options! */
core_config.ignore_environment = Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag;
core_config._disable_importlib = !install_importlib;
config.install_signal_handlers = install_sigs;
_Py_InitializeCore(&core_config);
/* TODO: Print any exceptions raised by these operations */
if (_Py_ReadMainInterpreterConfig(&config))
Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: Py_ReadMainInterpreterConfig failed");
if (_Py_InitializeMainInterpreter(&config))
Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: Py_InitializeMainInterpreter failed");
}
void
Py_InitializeEx(int install_sigs)
{
_Py_InitializeEx_Private(install_sigs, 1);
}
void
Py_Initialize(void)
{
Py_InitializeEx(1);
}
#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
extern void dump_counts(FILE*);
#endif
/* Flush stdout and stderr */
static int
file_is_closed(PyObject *fobj)
{
int r;
PyObject *tmp = PyObject_GetAttrString(fobj, "closed");
if (tmp == NULL) {
PyErr_Clear();
return 0;
}
r = PyObject_IsTrue(tmp);
Py_DECREF(tmp);
if (r < 0)
PyErr_Clear();
return r > 0;
}
static int
flush_std_files(void)
{
PyObject *fout = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stdout);
PyObject *ferr = _PySys_GetObjectId(&PyId_stderr);
PyObject *tmp;
int status = 0;
if (fout != NULL && fout != Py_None && !file_is_closed(fout)) {
tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodId(fout, &PyId_flush, NULL);
if (tmp == NULL) {
PyErr_WriteUnraisable(fout);
status = -1;
}
else
Py_DECREF(tmp);
}
if (ferr != NULL && ferr != Py_None && !file_is_closed(ferr)) {
tmp = _PyObject_CallMethodId(ferr, &PyId_flush, NULL);
if (tmp == NULL) {
PyErr_Clear();
status = -1;
}
else
Py_DECREF(tmp);
}
return status;
}
/* Undo the effect of Py_Initialize().
Beware: if multiple interpreter and/or thread states exist, these
are not wiped out; only the current thread and interpreter state
are deleted. But since everything else is deleted, those other
interpreter and thread states should no longer be used.
(XXX We should do better, e.g. wipe out all interpreters and
threads.)
Locking: as above.
*/
int
Py_FinalizeEx(void)
{
PyInterpreterState *interp;
PyThreadState *tstate;
int status = 0;
if (!_PyRuntime.initialized)
return status;
wait_for_thread_shutdown();
/* The interpreter is still entirely intact at this point, and the
* exit funcs may be relying on that. In particular, if some thread
* or exit func is still waiting to do an import, the import machinery
* expects Py_IsInitialized() to return true. So don't say the
* interpreter is uninitialized until after the exit funcs have run.
* Note that Threading.py uses an exit func to do a join on all the
* threads created thru it, so this also protects pending imports in
* the threads created via Threading.
*/
call_py_exitfuncs();
/* Get current thread state and interpreter pointer */
tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
interp = tstate->interp;
/* Remaining threads (e.g. daemon threads) will automatically exit
after taking the GIL (in PyEval_RestoreThread()). */
_PyRuntime.finalizing = tstate;
_PyRuntime.initialized = 0;
_PyRuntime.core_initialized = 0;
/* Flush sys.stdout and sys.stderr */
if (flush_std_files() < 0) {
status = -1;
}
/* Disable signal handling */
PyOS_FiniInterrupts();
/* Collect garbage. This may call finalizers; it's nice to call these
* before all modules are destroyed.
* XXX If a __del__ or weakref callback is triggered here, and tries to
* XXX import a module, bad things can happen, because Python no
* XXX longer believes it's initialized.
* XXX Fatal Python error: Interpreter not initialized (version mismatch?)
* XXX is easy to provoke that way. I've also seen, e.g.,
* XXX Exception exceptions.ImportError: 'No module named sha'
* XXX in <function callback at 0x008F5718> ignored
* XXX but I'm unclear on exactly how that one happens. In any case,
* XXX I haven't seen a real-life report of either of these.