diff --git a/.commitlintrc.js b/.commitlintrc.js
index 5b0b1a52..e9c80b92 100644
--- a/.commitlintrc.js
+++ b/.commitlintrc.js
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ module.exports = {
   rules: {
     'type-enum': [2, 'always', ['feat', 'fix', 'docs', 'deps', 'chore']],
     'header-max-length': [2, 'always', 80],
-    'subject-case': [0, 'always', ['lower-case', 'sentence-case', 'start-case']],
+    'subject-case': [0],
+    'body-max-line-length': [0],
   },
 }
diff --git a/.eslintrc.js b/.eslintrc.js
index 5db9f815..f21d26ec 100644
--- a/.eslintrc.js
+++ b/.eslintrc.js
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ const localConfigs = readdir(__dirname)
 
 module.exports = {
   root: true,
+  ignorePatterns: [
+    'tap-testdir*/',
+  ],
   extends: [
     '@npmcli',
     ...localConfigs,
diff --git a/.github/actions/create-check/action.yml b/.github/actions/create-check/action.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa24a5b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/create-check/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# This file is automatically added by @npmcli/template-oss. Do not edit.
+
+name: 'Create Check'
+inputs:
+  name:
+    required: true
+  token:
+    required: true
+  sha:
+    required: true
+  check-name:
+    default: ''
+outputs:
+  check-id:
+    value: ${{ steps.create-check.outputs.check_id }}
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    - name: Get Workflow Job
+      uses: actions/github-script@v7
+      id: workflow
+      env:
+        JOB_NAME: "${{ inputs.name }}"
+        SHA: "${{ inputs.sha }}"
+      with:
+        result-encoding: string
+        script: |
+          const { repo: { owner, repo}, runId, serverUrl } = context          
+          const { JOB_NAME, SHA } = process.env
+
+          const job = await github.rest.actions.listJobsForWorkflowRun({
+            owner,
+            repo,
+            run_id: runId,
+            per_page: 100
+          }).then(r => r.data.jobs.find(j => j.name.endsWith(JOB_NAME)))
+
+          return [
+            `This check is assosciated with ${serverUrl}/${owner}/${repo}/commit/${SHA}.`,
+            'Run logs:',
+            job?.html_url || `could not be found for a job ending with: "${JOB_NAME}"`,
+          ].join(' ')
+    - name: Create Check
+      uses: LouisBrunner/checks-action@v1.6.0
+      id: create-check
+      with:
+        token: ${{ inputs.token }}
+        sha: ${{ inputs.sha }}
+        status: in_progress
+        name: ${{ inputs.check-name || inputs.name }}
+        output: |
+          {"summary":"${{ steps.workflow.outputs.result }}"}
diff --git a/.github/actions/install-latest-npm/action.yml b/.github/actions/install-latest-npm/action.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8339dbf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/actions/install-latest-npm/action.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# This file is automatically added by @npmcli/template-oss. Do not edit.
+
+name: 'Install Latest npm'
+description: 'Install the latest version of npm compatible with the Node version'
+inputs:
+  node:
+    description: 'Current Node version'
+    required: true
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    # node 10/12/14 ship with npm@6, which is known to fail when updating itself in windows
+    - name: Update Windows npm
+      if: |
+        runner.os == 'Windows' && (
+          startsWith(inputs.node, 'v10.') ||
+          startsWith(inputs.node, 'v12.') ||
+          startsWith(inputs.node, 'v14.')
+        )
+      shell: cmd
+      run: |
+        curl -sO https://registry.npmjs.org/npm/-/npm-7.5.4.tgz
+        tar xf npm-7.5.4.tgz
+        cd package
+        node lib/npm.js install --no-fund --no-audit -g ..\npm-7.5.4.tgz
+        cd ..
+        rmdir /s /q package
+    - name: Install Latest npm
+      shell: bash
+      env:
+        NODE_VERSION: ${{ inputs.node }}
+      working-directory: ${{ runner.temp }}
+      run: |
+        MATCH=""
+        SPECS=("latest" "next-10" "next-9" "next-8" "next-7" "next-6")
+
+        echo "node@$NODE_VERSION"
+
+        for SPEC in ${SPECS[@]}; do
+          ENGINES=$(npm view npm@$SPEC --json | jq -r '.engines.node')
+          echo "Checking if node@$NODE_VERSION satisfies npm@$SPEC ($ENGINES)"
+
+          if npx semver -r "$ENGINES" "$NODE_VERSION" > /dev/null; then
+            MATCH=$SPEC
+            echo "Found compatible version: npm@$MATCH"
+            break
+          fi  
+        done
+
+        if [ -z $MATCH ]; then
+          echo "Could not find a compatible version of npm for node@$NODE_VERSION"
+          exit 1
+        fi
+
+        npm i --prefer-online --no-fund --no-audit -g npm@$MATCH
+    - name: npm Version
+      shell: bash
+      run: npm -v
diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
index 8da2a452..d735ccf2 100644
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ updates:
     directory: /
     schedule:
       interval: daily
+    target-branch: "main"
     allow:
       - dependency-type: direct
     versioning-strategy: increase-if-necessary
@@ -15,3 +16,38 @@ updates:
       prefix-development: chore
     labels:
       - "Dependencies"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 10
+  - package-ecosystem: npm
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      interval: daily
+    target-branch: "release/v5"
+    allow:
+      - dependency-type: direct
+        dependency-name: "@npmcli/template-oss"
+    versioning-strategy: increase-if-necessary
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: deps
+      prefix-development: chore
+    labels:
+      - "Dependencies"
+      - "Backport"
+      - "release/v5"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 10
+  - package-ecosystem: npm
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      interval: daily
+    target-branch: "release/v6"
+    allow:
+      - dependency-type: direct
+        dependency-name: "@npmcli/template-oss"
+    versioning-strategy: increase-if-necessary
+    commit-message:
+      prefix: deps
+      prefix-development: chore
+    labels:
+      - "Dependencies"
+      - "Backport"
+      - "release/v6"
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 10
diff --git a/.github/settings.yml b/.github/settings.yml
index adbef7e6..206b6eeb 100644
--- a/.github/settings.yml
+++ b/.github/settings.yml
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ branches:
     protection:
       required_status_checks: null
       enforce_admins: true
+      block_creations: true
       required_pull_request_reviews:
         required_approving_review_count: 1
         require_code_owner_reviews: true
@@ -24,10 +25,11 @@ branches:
         apps: []
         users: []
         teams: [ "cli-team" ]
-  - name: latest
+  - name: release/v5
     protection:
       required_status_checks: null
       enforce_admins: true
+      block_creations: true
       required_pull_request_reviews:
         required_approving_review_count: 1
         require_code_owner_reviews: true
@@ -37,10 +39,11 @@ branches:
         apps: []
         users: []
         teams: [ "cli-team" ]
-  - name: release/v*
+  - name: release/v6
     protection:
       required_status_checks: null
       enforce_admins: true
+      block_creations: true
       required_pull_request_reviews:
         required_approving_review_count: 1
         require_code_owner_reviews: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/audit.yml b/.github/workflows/audit.yml
index 8b8f3748..a3ae7257 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/audit.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/audit.yml
@@ -18,19 +18,21 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup Git User
         run: |
           git config --global user.email "npm-cli+bot@github.com"
           git config --global user.name "npm CLI robot"
       - name: Setup Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        id: node
         with:
-          node-version: 18.x
-      - name: Install npm@8
-        run: npm i --prefer-online --no-fund --no-audit -g npm@8
-      - name: npm Version
-        run: npm -v
+          node-version: 22.x
+          check-latest: contains('22.x', '.x')
+      - name: Install Latest npm
+        uses: ./.github/actions/install-latest-npm
+        with:
+          node: ${{ steps.node.outputs.node-version }}
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: npm i --ignore-scripts --no-audit --no-fund --package-lock
       - name: Run Production Audit
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-release.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-release.yml
index 98b70866..24539905 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-release.yml
@@ -27,65 +27,32 @@ jobs:
       run:
         shell: bash
     steps:
-      - name: Get Workflow Job
-        uses: actions/github-script@v6
-        if: inputs.check-sha
-        id: check-output
-        env:
-          JOB_NAME: "Lint All"
-          MATRIX_NAME: ""
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { owner, repo } = context.repo
-
-            const { data } = await github.rest.actions.listJobsForWorkflowRun({
-              owner,
-              repo,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              per_page: 100
-            })
-
-            const jobName = process.env.JOB_NAME + process.env.MATRIX_NAME
-            const job = data.jobs.find(j => j.name.endsWith(jobName))
-            const jobUrl = job?.html_url
-
-            const shaUrl = `${context.serverUrl}/${owner}/${repo}/commit/${{ inputs.check-sha }}`
-
-            let summary = `This check is assosciated with ${shaUrl}\n\n`
-
-            if (jobUrl) {
-              summary += `For run logs, click here: ${jobUrl}`
-            } else {
-              summary += `Run logs could not be found for a job with name: "${jobName}"`
-            }
-
-            return { summary }
-      - name: Create Check
-        uses: LouisBrunner/checks-action@v1.6.0
-        id: check
-        if: inputs.check-sha
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          status: in_progress
-          name: Lint All
-          sha: ${{ inputs.check-sha }}
-          output: ${{ steps.check-output.outputs.result }}
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}
       - name: Setup Git User
         run: |
           git config --global user.email "npm-cli+bot@github.com"
           git config --global user.name "npm CLI robot"
+      - name: Create Check
+        id: create-check
+        if: ${{ inputs.check-sha }}
+        uses: ./.github/actions/create-check
+        with:
+          name: "Lint All"
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          sha: ${{ inputs.check-sha }}
       - name: Setup Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        id: node
+        with:
+          node-version: 22.x
+          check-latest: contains('22.x', '.x')
+      - name: Install Latest npm
+        uses: ./.github/actions/install-latest-npm
         with:
-          node-version: 18.x
-      - name: Install npm@8
-        run: npm i --prefer-online --no-fund --no-audit -g npm@8
-      - name: npm Version
-        run: npm -v
+          node: ${{ steps.node.outputs.node-version }}
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: npm i --ignore-scripts --no-audit --no-fund
       - name: Lint
@@ -94,11 +61,11 @@ jobs:
         run: npm run postlint --ignore-scripts
       - name: Conclude Check
         uses: LouisBrunner/checks-action@v1.6.0
-        if: steps.check.outputs.check_id && always()
+        if: always()
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           conclusion: ${{ job.status }}
-          check_id: ${{ steps.check.outputs.check_id }}
+          check_id: ${{ steps.create-check.outputs.check-id }}
 
   test-all:
     name: Test All - ${{ matrix.platform.name }} - ${{ matrix.node-version }}
@@ -113,6 +80,9 @@ jobs:
           - name: macOS
             os: macos-latest
             shell: bash
+          - name: macOS
+            os: macos-13
+            shell: bash
           - name: Windows
             os: windows-latest
             shell: cmd
@@ -123,84 +93,56 @@ jobs:
           - 14.x
           - 16.x
           - 18.x
+          - 20.x
+          - 22.x
+        exclude:
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-latest, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 10.0.0
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-latest, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 10.x
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-latest, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 12.x
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-latest, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 14.x
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-13, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 16.x
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-13, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 18.x
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-13, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 20.x
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-13, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 22.x
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform.os }}
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: ${{ matrix.platform.shell }}
     steps:
-      - name: Get Workflow Job
-        uses: actions/github-script@v6
-        if: inputs.check-sha
-        id: check-output
-        env:
-          JOB_NAME: "Test All"
-          MATRIX_NAME: " - ${{ matrix.platform.name }} - ${{ matrix.node-version }}"
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { owner, repo } = context.repo
-
-            const { data } = await github.rest.actions.listJobsForWorkflowRun({
-              owner,
-              repo,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              per_page: 100
-            })
-
-            const jobName = process.env.JOB_NAME + process.env.MATRIX_NAME
-            const job = data.jobs.find(j => j.name.endsWith(jobName))
-            const jobUrl = job?.html_url
-
-            const shaUrl = `${context.serverUrl}/${owner}/${repo}/commit/${{ inputs.check-sha }}`
-
-            let summary = `This check is assosciated with ${shaUrl}\n\n`
-
-            if (jobUrl) {
-              summary += `For run logs, click here: ${jobUrl}`
-            } else {
-              summary += `Run logs could not be found for a job with name: "${jobName}"`
-            }
-
-            return { summary }
-      - name: Create Check
-        uses: LouisBrunner/checks-action@v1.6.0
-        id: check
-        if: inputs.check-sha
-        with:
-          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          status: in_progress
-          name: Test All - ${{ matrix.platform.name }} - ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-          sha: ${{ inputs.check-sha }}
-          output: ${{ steps.check-output.outputs.result }}
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           ref: ${{ inputs.ref }}
       - name: Setup Git User
         run: |
           git config --global user.email "npm-cli+bot@github.com"
           git config --global user.name "npm CLI robot"
+      - name: Create Check
+        id: create-check
+        if: ${{ inputs.check-sha }}
+        uses: ./.github/actions/create-check
+        with:
+          name: "Test All - ${{ matrix.platform.name }} - ${{ matrix.node-version }}"
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          sha: ${{ inputs.check-sha }}
       - name: Setup Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        id: node
         with:
           node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-      - name: Update Windows npm
-        # node 12 and 14 ship with npm@6, which is known to fail when updating itself in windows
-        if: matrix.platform.os == 'windows-latest' && (startsWith(matrix.node-version, '12.') || startsWith(matrix.node-version, '14.'))
-        run: |
-          curl -sO https://registry.npmjs.org/npm/-/npm-7.5.4.tgz
-          tar xf npm-7.5.4.tgz
-          cd package
-          node lib/npm.js install --no-fund --no-audit -g ..\npm-7.5.4.tgz
-          cd ..
-          rmdir /s /q package
-      - name: Install npm@7
-        if: startsWith(matrix.node-version, '10.')
-        run: npm i --prefer-online --no-fund --no-audit -g npm@7
-      - name: Install npm@8
-        if: ${{ !startsWith(matrix.node-version, '10.') }}
-        run: npm i --prefer-online --no-fund --no-audit -g npm@8
-      - name: npm Version
-        run: npm -v
+          check-latest: contains(matrix.node-version, '.x')
+      - name: Install Latest npm
+        uses: ./.github/actions/install-latest-npm
+        with:
+          node: ${{ steps.node.outputs.node-version }}
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: npm i --ignore-scripts --no-audit --no-fund
       - name: Add Problem Matcher
@@ -209,8 +151,8 @@ jobs:
         run: npm test --ignore-scripts
       - name: Conclude Check
         uses: LouisBrunner/checks-action@v1.6.0
-        if: steps.check.outputs.check_id && always()
+        if: always()
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           conclusion: ${{ job.status }}
-          check_id: ${{ steps.check.outputs.check_id }}
+          check_id: ${{ steps.create-check.outputs.check-id }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index bb473086..4a2724b6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - main
-      - latest
       - release/v*
   schedule:
     # "At 09:00 UTC (02:00 PT) on Monday" https://crontab.guru/#0_9_*_*_1
@@ -24,19 +23,21 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup Git User
         run: |
           git config --global user.email "npm-cli+bot@github.com"
           git config --global user.name "npm CLI robot"
       - name: Setup Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        id: node
         with:
-          node-version: 18.x
-      - name: Install npm@8
-        run: npm i --prefer-online --no-fund --no-audit -g npm@8
-      - name: npm Version
-        run: npm -v
+          node-version: 22.x
+          check-latest: contains('22.x', '.x')
+      - name: Install Latest npm
+        uses: ./.github/actions/install-latest-npm
+        with:
+          node: ${{ steps.node.outputs.node-version }}
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: npm i --ignore-scripts --no-audit --no-fund
       - name: Lint
@@ -57,6 +58,9 @@ jobs:
           - name: macOS
             os: macos-latest
             shell: bash
+          - name: macOS
+            os: macos-13
+            shell: bash
           - name: Windows
             os: windows-latest
             shell: cmd
@@ -67,39 +71,46 @@ jobs:
           - 14.x
           - 16.x
           - 18.x
+          - 20.x
+          - 22.x
+        exclude:
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-latest, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 10.0.0
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-latest, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 10.x
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-latest, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 12.x
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-latest, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 14.x
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-13, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 16.x
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-13, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 18.x
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-13, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 20.x
+          - platform: { name: macOS, os: macos-13, shell: bash }
+            node-version: 22.x
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform.os }}
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: ${{ matrix.platform.shell }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup Git User
         run: |
           git config --global user.email "npm-cli+bot@github.com"
           git config --global user.name "npm CLI robot"
       - name: Setup Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        id: node
         with:
           node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
-      - name: Update Windows npm
-        # node 12 and 14 ship with npm@6, which is known to fail when updating itself in windows
-        if: matrix.platform.os == 'windows-latest' && (startsWith(matrix.node-version, '12.') || startsWith(matrix.node-version, '14.'))
-        run: |
-          curl -sO https://registry.npmjs.org/npm/-/npm-7.5.4.tgz
-          tar xf npm-7.5.4.tgz
-          cd package
-          node lib/npm.js install --no-fund --no-audit -g ..\npm-7.5.4.tgz
-          cd ..
-          rmdir /s /q package
-      - name: Install npm@7
-        if: startsWith(matrix.node-version, '10.')
-        run: npm i --prefer-online --no-fund --no-audit -g npm@7
-      - name: Install npm@8
-        if: ${{ !startsWith(matrix.node-version, '10.') }}
-        run: npm i --prefer-online --no-fund --no-audit -g npm@8
-      - name: npm Version
-        run: npm -v
+          check-latest: contains(matrix.node-version, '.x')
+      - name: Install Latest npm
+        uses: ./.github/actions/install-latest-npm
+        with:
+          node: ${{ steps.node.outputs.node-version }}
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: npm i --ignore-scripts --no-audit --no-fund
       - name: Add Problem Matcher
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
index 21244879..3741af66 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - main
-      - latest
       - release/v*
   pull_request:
     branches:
       - main
-      - latest
       - release/v*
   schedule:
     # "At 10:00 UTC (03:00 PT) on Monday" https://crontab.guru/#0_10_*_*_1
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
       security-events: write
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup Git User
         run: |
           git config --global user.email "npm-cli+bot@github.com"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/post-dependabot.yml b/.github/workflows/post-dependabot.yml
index 03c85681..a7ebe12d 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/post-dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/post-dependabot.yml
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.ref }}
       - name: Setup Git User
@@ -25,13 +25,15 @@ jobs:
           git config --global user.email "npm-cli+bot@github.com"
           git config --global user.name "npm CLI robot"
       - name: Setup Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        id: node
         with:
-          node-version: 18.x
-      - name: Install npm@8
-        run: npm i --prefer-online --no-fund --no-audit -g npm@8
-      - name: npm Version
-        run: npm -v
+          node-version: 22.x
+          check-latest: contains('22.x', '.x')
+      - name: Install Latest npm
+        uses: ./.github/actions/install-latest-npm
+        with:
+          node: ${{ steps.node.outputs.node-version }}
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: npm i --ignore-scripts --no-audit --no-fund
       - name: Fetch Dependabot Metadata
diff --git a/.github/workflows/pull-request.yml b/.github/workflows/pull-request.yml
index da5779df..7dbdfd41 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pull-request.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pull-request.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup Git User
@@ -28,23 +28,23 @@ jobs:
           git config --global user.email "npm-cli+bot@github.com"
           git config --global user.name "npm CLI robot"
       - name: Setup Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        id: node
         with:
-          node-version: 18.x
-      - name: Install npm@8
-        run: npm i --prefer-online --no-fund --no-audit -g npm@8
-      - name: npm Version
-        run: npm -v
+          node-version: 22.x
+          check-latest: contains('22.x', '.x')
+      - name: Install Latest npm
+        uses: ./.github/actions/install-latest-npm
+        with:
+          node: ${{ steps.node.outputs.node-version }}
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: npm i --ignore-scripts --no-audit --no-fund
       - name: Run Commitlint on Commits
         id: commit
         continue-on-error: true
-        run: |
-          npx --offline commitlint -V --from 'origin/${{ github.base_ref }}' --to ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
+        run: npx --offline commitlint -V --from 'origin/${{ github.base_ref }}' --to ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
       - name: Run Commitlint on PR Title
         if: steps.commit.outcome == 'failure'
         env:
           PR_TITLE: ${{ github.event.pull_request.title }}
-        run: |
-          echo '$PR_TITLE' | npx --offline commitlint -V
+        run: echo "$PR_TITLE" | npx --offline commitlint -V
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-integration.yml b/.github/workflows/release-integration.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..130578e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-integration.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# This file is automatically added by @npmcli/template-oss. Do not edit.
+
+name: Release Integration
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      releases:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+        description: 'A json array of releases. Required fields: publish: tagName, publishTag. publish check: pkgName, version'
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      releases:
+        required: true
+        type: string
+        description: 'A json array of releases. Required fields: publish: tagName, publishTag. publish check: pkgName, version'
+    secrets:
+      PUBLISH_TOKEN:
+        required: true
+
+jobs:
+  publish:
+    name: Publish
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ fromJSON(inputs.releases)[0].tagName }}
+      - name: Setup Git User
+        run: |
+          git config --global user.email "npm-cli+bot@github.com"
+          git config --global user.name "npm CLI robot"
+      - name: Setup Node
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        id: node
+        with:
+          node-version: 22.x
+          check-latest: contains('22.x', '.x')
+      - name: Install Latest npm
+        uses: ./.github/actions/install-latest-npm
+        with:
+          node: ${{ steps.node.outputs.node-version }}
+      - name: Install Dependencies
+        run: npm i --ignore-scripts --no-audit --no-fund
+      - name: Set npm authToken
+        run: npm config set '//registry.npmjs.org/:_authToken'=\${PUBLISH_TOKEN}
+      - name: Publish
+        env:
+          PUBLISH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PUBLISH_TOKEN }}
+          RELEASES: ${{ inputs.releases }}
+        run: |
+          EXIT_CODE=0
+
+          for release in $(echo $RELEASES | jq -r '.[] | @base64'); do
+            PUBLISH_TAG=$(echo "$release" | base64 --decode | jq -r .publishTag)
+            npm publish --provenance --tag="$PUBLISH_TAG"
+            STATUS=$?
+            if [[ "$STATUS" -eq 1 ]]; then
+              EXIT_CODE=$STATUS
+            fi
+          done
+
+          exit $EXIT_CODE
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index b086b0a5..e77e76f2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -3,15 +3,9 @@
 name: Release
 
 on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    inputs:
-      release-pr:
-        description: a release PR number to rerun release jobs on
-        type: string
   push:
     branches:
       - main
-      - latest
       - release/v*
 
 permissions:
@@ -23,12 +17,12 @@ jobs:
   release:
     outputs:
       pr: ${{ steps.release.outputs.pr }}
-      release: ${{ steps.release.outputs.release }}
-      releases: ${{ steps.release.outputs.releases }}
-      branch: ${{ steps.release.outputs.pr-branch }}
+      pr-branch: ${{ steps.release.outputs.pr-branch }}
       pr-number: ${{ steps.release.outputs.pr-number }}
-      comment-id: ${{ steps.pr-comment.outputs.result }}
-      check-id: ${{ steps.check.outputs.check_id }}
+      pr-sha: ${{ steps.release.outputs.pr-sha }}
+      releases: ${{ steps.release.outputs.releases }}
+      comment-id: ${{ steps.create-comment.outputs.comment-id || steps.update-comment.outputs.comment-id }}
+      check-id: ${{ steps.create-check.outputs.check-id }}
     name: Release
     if: github.repository_owner == 'npm'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -37,108 +31,75 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup Git User
         run: |
           git config --global user.email "npm-cli+bot@github.com"
           git config --global user.name "npm CLI robot"
       - name: Setup Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        id: node
+        with:
+          node-version: 22.x
+          check-latest: contains('22.x', '.x')
+      - name: Install Latest npm
+        uses: ./.github/actions/install-latest-npm
         with:
-          node-version: 18.x
-      - name: Install npm@8
-        run: npm i --prefer-online --no-fund --no-audit -g npm@8
-      - name: npm Version
-        run: npm -v
+          node: ${{ steps.node.outputs.node-version }}
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: npm i --ignore-scripts --no-audit --no-fund
       - name: Release Please
         id: release
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          npx --offline template-oss-release-please "${{ github.ref_name }}" "${{ inputs.release-pr }}"
-      - name: Post Pull Request Comment
+        run: npx --offline template-oss-release-please --branch="${{ github.ref_name }}" --backport="" --defaultTag="latest"
+      - name: Create Release Manager Comment Text
         if: steps.release.outputs.pr-number
-        uses: actions/github-script@v6
-        id: pr-comment
-        env:
-          PR_NUMBER: ${{ steps.release.outputs.pr-number }}
-          REF_NAME: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        id: comment-text
         with:
+          result-encoding: string
           script: |
-            const { REF_NAME, PR_NUMBER: issue_number } = process.env
             const { runId, repo: { owner, repo } } = context
-
             const { data: workflow } = await github.rest.actions.getWorkflowRun({ owner, repo, run_id: runId })
-
-            let body = '## Release Manager\n\n'
-
-            const comments = await github.paginate(github.rest.issues.listComments, { owner, repo, issue_number })
-            let commentId = comments.find(c => c.user.login === 'github-actions[bot]' && c.body.startsWith(body))?.id
-
-            body += `Release workflow run: ${workflow.html_url}\n\n#### Force CI to Update This Release\n\n`
-            body += `This PR will be updated and CI will run for every non-\`chore:\` commit that is pushed to \`${REF_NAME}\`. `
-            body += `To force CI to update this PR, run this command:\n\n`
-            body += `\`\`\`\ngh workflow run release.yml -r ${REF_NAME} -R ${owner}/${repo} -f release-pr=${issue_number}\n\`\`\``
-
-            if (commentId) {
-              await github.rest.issues.updateComment({ owner, repo, comment_id: commentId, body })
-            } else {
-              const { data: comment } = await github.rest.issues.createComment({ owner, repo, issue_number, body })
-              commentId = comment?.id
-            }
-
-            return commentId
-      - name: Get Workflow Job
-        uses: actions/github-script@v6
-        if: steps.release.outputs.pr-sha
-        id: check-output
-        env:
-          JOB_NAME: "Release"
-          MATRIX_NAME: ""
+            return['## Release Manager', `Release workflow run: ${workflow.html_url}`].join('\n\n')
+      - name: Find Release Manager Comment
+        uses: peter-evans/find-comment@v2
+        if: steps.release.outputs.pr-number
+        id: found-comment
         with:
-          script: |
-            const { owner, repo } = context.repo
-
-            const { data } = await github.rest.actions.listJobsForWorkflowRun({
-              owner,
-              repo,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              per_page: 100
-            })
-
-            const jobName = process.env.JOB_NAME + process.env.MATRIX_NAME
-            const job = data.jobs.find(j => j.name.endsWith(jobName))
-            const jobUrl = job?.html_url
-
-            const shaUrl = `${context.serverUrl}/${owner}/${repo}/commit/${{ steps.release.outputs.pr-sha }}`
-
-            let summary = `This check is assosciated with ${shaUrl}\n\n`
-
-            if (jobUrl) {
-              summary += `For run logs, click here: ${jobUrl}`
-            } else {
-              summary += `Run logs could not be found for a job with name: "${jobName}"`
-            }
-
-            return { summary }
+          issue-number: ${{ steps.release.outputs.pr-number }}
+          comment-author: 'github-actions[bot]'
+          body-includes: '## Release Manager'
+      - name: Create Release Manager Comment
+        id: create-comment
+        if: steps.release.outputs.pr-number && !steps.found-comment.outputs.comment-id
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v3
+        with:
+          issue-number: ${{ steps.release.outputs.pr-number }}
+          body: ${{ steps.comment-text.outputs.result }}
+      - name: Update Release Manager Comment
+        id: update-comment
+        if: steps.release.outputs.pr-number && steps.found-comment.outputs.comment-id
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v3
+        with:
+          comment-id: ${{ steps.found-comment.outputs.comment-id }}
+          body: ${{ steps.comment-text.outputs.result }}
+          edit-mode: 'replace'
       - name: Create Check
-        uses: LouisBrunner/checks-action@v1.6.0
-        id: check
+        id: create-check
+        uses: ./.github/actions/create-check
         if: steps.release.outputs.pr-sha
         with:
+          name: "Release"
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          status: in_progress
-          name: Release
           sha: ${{ steps.release.outputs.pr-sha }}
-          output: ${{ steps.check-output.outputs.result }}
 
   update:
     needs: release
     outputs:
       sha: ${{ steps.commit.outputs.sha }}
-      check-id: ${{ steps.check.outputs.check_id }}
+      check-id: ${{ steps.create-check.outputs.check-id }}
     name: Update - Release
     if: github.repository_owner == 'npm' && needs.release.outputs.pr
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -147,32 +108,41 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
-          ref: ${{ needs.release.outputs.branch }}
+          ref: ${{ needs.release.outputs.pr-branch }}
       - name: Setup Git User
         run: |
           git config --global user.email "npm-cli+bot@github.com"
           git config --global user.name "npm CLI robot"
       - name: Setup Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        id: node
+        with:
+          node-version: 22.x
+          check-latest: contains('22.x', '.x')
+      - name: Install Latest npm
+        uses: ./.github/actions/install-latest-npm
         with:
-          node-version: 18.x
-      - name: Install npm@8
-        run: npm i --prefer-online --no-fund --no-audit -g npm@8
-      - name: npm Version
-        run: npm -v
+          node: ${{ steps.node.outputs.node-version }}
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: npm i --ignore-scripts --no-audit --no-fund
+      - name: Create Release Manager Checklist Text
+        id: comment-text
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: npm exec --offline -- template-oss-release-manager --pr="${{ needs.release.outputs.pr-number }}" --backport="" --defaultTag="latest" --publish
+      - name: Append Release Manager Comment
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v3
+        with:
+          comment-id: ${{ needs.release.outputs.comment-id }}
+          body: ${{ steps.comment-text.outputs.result }}
+          edit-mode: 'append'
       - name: Run Post Pull Request Actions
         env:
-          RELEASE_PR_NUMBER: ${{ needs.release.outputs.pr-number }}
-          RELEASE_COMMENT_ID: ${{ needs.release.outputs.comment-id }}
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        run: |
-          npm exec --offline -- template-oss-release-manager --lockfile=false --publish=true
-          npm run rp-pull-request --ignore-scripts --if-present
+        run: npm run rp-pull-request --ignore-scripts --if-present -- --pr="${{ needs.release.outputs.pr-number }}" --commentId="${{ needs.release.outputs.comment-id }}"
       - name: Commit
         id: commit
         env:
@@ -181,52 +151,16 @@ jobs:
           git commit --all --amend --no-edit || true
           git push --force-with-lease
           echo "sha=$(git rev-parse HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-      - name: Get Workflow Job
-        uses: actions/github-script@v6
-        if: steps.commit.outputs.sha
-        id: check-output
-        env:
-          JOB_NAME: "Update - Release"
-          MATRIX_NAME: ""
-        with:
-          script: |
-            const { owner, repo } = context.repo
-
-            const { data } = await github.rest.actions.listJobsForWorkflowRun({
-              owner,
-              repo,
-              run_id: context.runId,
-              per_page: 100
-            })
-
-            const jobName = process.env.JOB_NAME + process.env.MATRIX_NAME
-            const job = data.jobs.find(j => j.name.endsWith(jobName))
-            const jobUrl = job?.html_url
-
-            const shaUrl = `${context.serverUrl}/${owner}/${repo}/commit/${{ steps.commit.outputs.sha }}`
-
-            let summary = `This check is assosciated with ${shaUrl}\n\n`
-
-            if (jobUrl) {
-              summary += `For run logs, click here: ${jobUrl}`
-            } else {
-              summary += `Run logs could not be found for a job with name: "${jobName}"`
-            }
-
-            return { summary }
       - name: Create Check
-        uses: LouisBrunner/checks-action@v1.6.0
-        id: check
-        if: steps.commit.outputs.sha
+        id: create-check
+        uses: ./.github/actions/create-check
         with:
+          name: "Update - Release"
+          check-name: "Release"
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          status: in_progress
-          name: Release
           sha: ${{ steps.commit.outputs.sha }}
-          output: ${{ steps.check-output.outputs.result }}
       - name: Conclude Check
         uses: LouisBrunner/checks-action@v1.6.0
-        if: needs.release.outputs.check-id && always()
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           conclusion: ${{ job.status }}
@@ -238,7 +172,7 @@ jobs:
     if: needs.release.outputs.pr
     uses: ./.github/workflows/ci-release.yml
     with:
-      ref: ${{ needs.release.outputs.branch }}
+      ref: ${{ needs.release.outputs.pr-branch }}
       check-sha: ${{ needs.update.outputs.sha }}
 
   post-ci:
@@ -250,8 +184,8 @@ jobs:
       run:
         shell: bash
     steps:
-      - name: Get Needs Result
-        id: needs-result
+      - name: Get CI Conclusion
+        id: conclusion
         run: |
           result=""
           if [[ "${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'failure') }}" == "true" ]]; then
@@ -264,14 +198,15 @@ jobs:
           echo "result=$result" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Conclude Check
         uses: LouisBrunner/checks-action@v1.6.0
-        if: needs.update.outputs.check-id && always()
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          conclusion: ${{ steps.needs-result.outputs.result }}
+          conclusion: ${{ steps.conclusion.outputs.result }}
           check_id: ${{ needs.update.outputs.check-id }}
 
   post-release:
     needs: release
+    outputs:
+      comment-id: ${{ steps.create-comment.outputs.comment-id }}
     name: Post Release - Release
     if: github.repository_owner == 'npm' && needs.release.outputs.releases
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -279,79 +214,54 @@ jobs:
       run:
         shell: bash
     steps:
-      - name: Create Release PR Comment
-        uses: actions/github-script@v6
+      - name: Create Release PR Comment Text
+        id: comment-text
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
         env:
           RELEASES: ${{ needs.release.outputs.releases }}
         with:
+          result-encoding: string
           script: |
             const releases = JSON.parse(process.env.RELEASES)
             const { runId, repo: { owner, repo } } = context
             const issue_number = releases[0].prNumber
-
-            let body = '## Release Workflow\n\n'
-            for (const { pkgName, version, url } of releases) {
-              body += `- \`${pkgName}@${version}\` ${url}\n`
-            }
-
-            const comments = await github.paginate(github.rest.issues.listComments, { owner, repo, issue_number })
-              .then(cs => cs.map(c => ({ id: c.id, login: c.user.login, body: c.body })))
-            console.log(`Found comments: ${JSON.stringify(comments, null, 2)}`)
-            const releaseComments = comments.filter(c => c.login === 'github-actions[bot]' && c.body.includes('Release is at'))
-
-            for (const comment of releaseComments) {
-              console.log(`Release comment: ${JSON.stringify(comment, null, 2)}`)
-              await github.rest.issues.deleteComment({ owner, repo, comment_id: comment.id })
-            }
-
             const runUrl = `https://github.com/${owner}/${repo}/actions/runs/${runId}`
-            await github.rest.issues.createComment({
-              owner,
-              repo,
-              issue_number,
-              body: `${body}- Workflow run: :arrows_counterclockwise: ${runUrl}`,
-            })
+
+            return [
+              '## Release Workflow\n',
+              ...releases.map(r => `- \`${r.pkgName}@${r.version}\` ${r.url}`),
+              `- Workflow run: :arrows_counterclockwise: ${runUrl}`,
+            ].join('\n')
+      - name: Create Release PR Comment
+        id: create-comment
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v3
+        with:
+          issue-number: ${{ fromJSON(needs.release.outputs.releases)[0].prNumber }}
+          body: ${{ steps.comment-text.outputs.result }}
 
   release-integration:
     needs: release
     name: Release Integration
-    if: needs.release.outputs.release
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell: bash
+    if: needs.release.outputs.releases
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/release-integration.yml
     permissions:
-      deployments: write
       id-token: write
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          ref: ${{ fromJSON(needs.release.outputs.release).tagName }}
-      - name: Setup Node
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v3
-        with:
-          node-version: 18.x
-      - name: Install npm@latest
-        run: |
-          npm i --prefer-online --no-fund --no-audit -g npm@latest
-          npm config set '//registry.npmjs.org/:_authToken'=\${PUBLISH_TOKEN}
-      - name: Publish
-        env:
-          PUBLISH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PUBLISH_TOKEN }}
-        run: npm publish --provenance
+    secrets:
+      PUBLISH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PUBLISH_TOKEN }}
+    with:
+      releases: ${{ needs.release.outputs.releases }}
 
   post-release-integration:
-    needs: [ release, release-integration ]
+    needs: [ release, release-integration, post-release ]
     name: Post Release Integration - Release
-    if: github.repository_owner == 'npm' && needs.release.outputs.release && always()
+    if: github.repository_owner == 'npm' && needs.release.outputs.releases && always()
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash
     steps:
-      - name: Get Needs Result
-        id: needs-result
+      - name: Get Post Release Conclusion
+        id: conclusion
         run: |
           if [[ "${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'failure') }}" == "true" ]]; then
             result="x"
@@ -361,39 +271,38 @@ jobs:
             result="white_check_mark"
           fi
           echo "result=$result" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-      - name: Update Release PR Comment
-        uses: actions/github-script@v6
+      - name: Find Release PR Comment
+        uses: peter-evans/find-comment@v2
+        id: found-comment
+        with:
+          issue-number: ${{ fromJSON(needs.release.outputs.releases)[0].prNumber }}
+          comment-author: 'github-actions[bot]'
+          body-includes: '## Release Workflow'
+      - name: Create Release PR Comment Text
+        id: comment-text
+        if: steps.found-comment.outputs.comment-id
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
         env:
-          PR_NUMBER: ${{ fromJSON(needs.release.outputs.release).prNumber }}
-          RESULT: ${{ steps.needs-result.outputs.result }}
+          RESULT: ${{ steps.conclusion.outputs.result }}
+          BODY: ${{ steps.found-comment.outputs.comment-body }}
         with:
+          result-encoding: string
           script: |
-            const { PR_NUMBER: issue_number, RESULT } = process.env
-            const { runId, repo: { owner, repo } } = context
-
-            const comments = await github.paginate(github.rest.issues.listComments, { owner, repo, issue_number })
-            const updateComment = comments.find(c =>
-              c.user.login === 'github-actions[bot]' &&
-              c.body.startsWith('## Release Workflow\n\n') &&
-              c.body.includes(runId)
-            )
-
-            if (updateComment) {
-              console.log('Found comment to update:', JSON.stringify(updateComment, null, 2))
-              let body = updateComment.body.replace(/Workflow run: :[a-z_]+:/, `Workflow run: :${RESULT}:`)
-              const tagCodeowner = RESULT !== 'white_check_mark'
-              if (tagCodeowner) {
-                body += `\n\n:rotating_light:`
-                body += ` @npm/cli-team: The post-release workflow failed for this release.`
-                body += ` Manual steps may need to be taken after examining the workflow output`
-                body += ` from the above workflow run. :rotating_light:`
-              }
-              await github.rest.issues.updateComment({
-                owner,
-                repo,
-                body,
-                comment_id: updateComment.id,
-              })
-            } else {
-              console.log('No matching comments found:', JSON.stringify(comments, null, 2))
+            const { RESULT, BODY } = process.env
+            const body = [BODY.replace(/(Workflow run: :)[a-z_]+(:)/, `$1${RESULT}$2`)]
+            if (RESULT !== 'white_check_mark') {
+              body.push(':rotating_light::rotating_light::rotating_light:')
+              body.push([
+                '@npm/cli-team: The post-release workflow failed for this release.',
+                'Manual steps may need to be taken after examining the workflow output.'
+              ].join(' '))
+              body.push(':rotating_light::rotating_light::rotating_light:')
             }
+            return body.join('\n\n').trim()
+      - name: Update Release PR Comment
+        if: steps.comment-text.outputs.result
+        uses: peter-evans/create-or-update-comment@v3
+        with:
+          comment-id: ${{ steps.found-comment.outputs.comment-id }}
+          body: ${{ steps.comment-text.outputs.result }}
+          edit-mode: 'replace'
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 00bdaf2b..ff56062c 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 # ignore everything in the root
 /*
+# transient test directories
+tap-testdir*/
 
 # keep these
 !**/.gitignore
@@ -12,6 +14,7 @@
 !/.gitignore
 !/.npmrc
 !/.release-please-manifest.json
+!/benchmarks
 !/bin/
 !/CHANGELOG*
 !/classes/
@@ -34,3 +37,4 @@
 !/SECURITY.md
 !/tap-snapshots/
 !/test/
+!/tsconfig.json
diff --git a/.release-please-manifest.json b/.release-please-manifest.json
index 92661b3b..b637db6f 100644
--- a/.release-please-manifest.json
+++ b/.release-please-manifest.json
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {
-  ".": "7.5.4"
+  ".": "7.6.3"
 }
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 232b63ed..4910123d 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,65 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## [7.6.3](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/compare/v7.6.2...v7.6.3) (2024-07-16)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* [`73a3d79`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/73a3d79c4ec32d5dd62c9d5f64e5af7fbdad9ec0) [#726](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/726) optimize Range parsing and formatting (#726) (@jviide)
+
+### Documentation
+
+* [`2975ece`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/2975ece120e17660c9f1ef517de45c09ff821064) [#719](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/719) fix extra backtick typo (#719) (@stdavis)
+
+## [7.6.2](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/compare/v7.6.1...v7.6.2) (2024-05-09)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* [`6466ba9`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/6466ba9b540252db405fdd2a289dd4651495beea) [#713](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/713) lru: use map.delete() directly (#713) (@negezor, @lukekarrys)
+
+## [7.6.1](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/compare/v7.6.0...v7.6.1) (2024-05-04)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* [`c570a34`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/c570a348ffc6612af07fe94fa46b9affa5e4eff0) [#704](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/704) linting: no-unused-vars (@wraithgar)
+* [`ad8ff11`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/ad8ff11dd200dac3a05097d9a82d1977ccfa1535) [#704](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/704) use internal cache implementation (@mbtools)
+* [`ac9b357`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/ac9b35769ab0ddfefd5a3af4a3ecaf3da2012352) [#682](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/682) typo in compareBuild debug message (#682) (@mbtools)
+
+### Dependencies
+
+* [`988a8de`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/988a8deb3ea76b9a314a740e66b5fc2f726822f8) [#709](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/709) uninstall `lru-cache` (#709)
+* [`3fabe4d`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/3fabe4dbfbd199fdb589c076a7f30bc1f18c6614) [#704](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/704) remove lru-cache
+
+### Chores
+
+* [`dd09b60`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/dd09b60da1e618335d7c269426345b336fd5f63d) [#705](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/705) bump @npmcli/template-oss to 4.22.0 (@lukekarrys)
+* [`ec49cdc`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/ec49cdcece9db0020d6829b246681ff65a393644) [#701](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/701) chore: chore: postinstall for dependabot template-oss PR (@lukekarrys)
+* [`b236c3d`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/b236c3d2f357a16a733c96ec2ca8c57848b70091) [#696](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/696) add benchmarks (#696) (@H4ad)
+* [`692451b`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/692451bd6f75b38a71a99f39da405c94a5954a22) [#688](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/688) various improvements to README (#688) (@mbtools)
+* [`5feeb7f`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/5feeb7f4f63061e19a29087115b50cb04135b63e) [#705](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/705) postinstall for dependabot template-oss PR (@lukekarrys)
+* [`074156f`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/074156f64fa91723fe1ae6af8cc497014b9b7aff) [#701](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/701) bump @npmcli/template-oss from 4.21.3 to 4.21.4 (@dependabot[bot])
+
+## [7.6.0](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/compare/v7.5.4...v7.6.0) (2024-01-31)
+
+### Features
+
+* [`a7ab13a`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/a7ab13a46201e342d34e84a989632b380f755baf) [#671](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/671) preserve pre-release and build parts of a version on coerce (#671) (@madtisa, madtisa, @wraithgar)
+
+### Chores
+
+* [`816c7b2`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/816c7b2cbfcb1986958a290f941eddfd0441139e) [#667](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/667) postinstall for dependabot template-oss PR (@lukekarrys)
+* [`0bd24d9`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/0bd24d943cbd1a7f6a2b8d384590bfa98559e1de) [#667](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/667) bump @npmcli/template-oss from 4.21.1 to 4.21.3 (@dependabot[bot])
+* [`e521932`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/e521932f115a81030f4e7c34e8631cdd3c6a108b) [#652](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/652) postinstall for dependabot template-oss PR (@lukekarrys)
+* [`8873991`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/88739918080debeb239aae840b35c07436148e50) [#652](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/652) chore: chore: postinstall for dependabot template-oss PR (@lukekarrys)
+* [`f317dc8`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/f317dc8689781bcfd98e2c32b46157276acdd47c) [#652](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/652) bump @npmcli/template-oss from 4.19.0 to 4.21.0 (@dependabot[bot])
+* [`7303db1`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/7303db1fe54d6905b23ccb0162878e37d73535ef) [#658](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/658) add clean() test for build metadata (#658) (@jethrodaniel)
+* [`6240d75`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/6240d75a7c620b0a222f05969a91fdc3dc2be0fb) [#656](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/656) add missing quotes in README.md (#656) (@zyxkad)
+* [`14d263f`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/14d263faa156e408a033b9b12a2f87735c2df42c) [#625](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/625) postinstall for dependabot template-oss PR (@lukekarrys)
+* [`7c34e1a`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/7c34e1ac1bcc0bc6579b30745c96075c69bd0332) [#625](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/625) bump @npmcli/template-oss from 4.18.1 to 4.19.0 (@dependabot[bot])
+* [`123e0b0`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/123e0b03287e1af295ef82d55f55c16805596f35) [#622](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/622) postinstall for dependabot template-oss PR (@lukekarrys)
+* [`737d5e1`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/737d5e1cf10e631bab8a28594aa2d5c9d4090814) [#622](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/622) bump @npmcli/template-oss from 4.18.0 to 4.18.1 (@dependabot[bot])
+* [`cce6180`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/cce61804ba6f997225a1267135c06676fe0524d2) [#598](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/598) postinstall for dependabot template-oss PR (@lukekarrys)
+* [`b914a3d`](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/commit/b914a3d0d26ca27d2685053d7d390af4e02eedd9) [#598](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/pull/598) bump @npmcli/template-oss from 4.17.0 to 4.18.0 (@dependabot[bot])
+
 ## [7.5.4](https://github.com/npm/node-semver/compare/v7.5.3...v7.5.4) (2023-07-07)
 
 ### Bug Fixes
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 53ea9b52..ede7b7d0 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ semver.valid(semver.coerce('v2')) // '2.0.0'
 semver.valid(semver.coerce('42.6.7.9.3-alpha')) // '42.6.7'
 ```
 
-You can also just load the module for the function that you care about, if
+You can also just load the module for the function that you care about if
 you'd like to minimize your footprint.
 
 ```js
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ const semverOutside = require('semver/ranges/outside')
 const semverGtr = require('semver/ranges/gtr')
 const semverLtr = require('semver/ranges/ltr')
 const semverIntersects = require('semver/ranges/intersects')
-const simplifyRange = require('semver/ranges/simplify')
-const rangeSubset = require('semver/ranges/subset')
+const semverSimplifyRange = require('semver/ranges/simplify')
+const semverRangeSubset = require('semver/ranges/subset')
 ```
 
 As a command-line utility:
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ A leading `"="` or `"v"` character is stripped off and ignored.
 
 ## Ranges
 
-A `version range` is a set of `comparators` which specify versions
+A `version range` is a set of `comparators` that specify versions
 that satisfy the range.
 
 A `comparator` is composed of an `operator` and a `version`.  The set
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ of primitive `operators` is:
 * `>` Greater than
 * `>=` Greater than or equal to
 * `=` Equal.  If no operator is specified, then equality is assumed,
-  so this operator is optional, but MAY be included.
+  so this operator is optional but MAY be included.
 
 For example, the comparator `>=1.2.7` would match the versions
 `1.2.7`, `1.2.8`, `2.5.3`, and `1.3.9`, but not the versions `1.2.6`
@@ -189,26 +189,26 @@ For example, the range `>1.2.3-alpha.3` would be allowed to match the
 version `1.2.3-alpha.7`, but it would *not* be satisfied by
 `3.4.5-alpha.9`, even though `3.4.5-alpha.9` is technically "greater
 than" `1.2.3-alpha.3` according to the SemVer sort rules.  The version
-range only accepts prerelease tags on the `1.2.3` version.  The
-version `3.4.5` *would* satisfy the range, because it does not have a
+range only accepts prerelease tags on the `1.2.3` version.
+Version `3.4.5` *would* satisfy the range because it does not have a
 prerelease flag, and `3.4.5` is greater than `1.2.3-alpha.7`.
 
-The purpose for this behavior is twofold.  First, prerelease versions
+The purpose of this behavior is twofold.  First, prerelease versions
 frequently are updated very quickly, and contain many breaking changes
 that are (by the author's design) not yet fit for public consumption.
-Therefore, by default, they are excluded from range matching
+Therefore, by default, they are excluded from range-matching
 semantics.
 
 Second, a user who has opted into using a prerelease version has
-clearly indicated the intent to use *that specific* set of
+indicated the intent to use *that specific* set of
 alpha/beta/rc versions.  By including a prerelease tag in the range,
 the user is indicating that they are aware of the risk.  However, it
 is still not appropriate to assume that they have opted into taking a
 similar risk on the *next* set of prerelease versions.
 
 Note that this behavior can be suppressed (treating all prerelease
-versions as if they were normal versions, for the purpose of range
-matching) by setting the `includePrerelease` flag on the options
+versions as if they were normal versions, for range-matching)
+by setting the `includePrerelease` flag on the options
 object to any
 [functions](https://github.com/npm/node-semver#functions) that do
 range matching.
@@ -401,12 +401,12 @@ All methods and classes take a final `options` object argument.  All
 options in this object are `false` by default.  The options supported
 are:
 
-- `loose`  Be more forgiving about not-quite-valid semver strings.
+- `loose`: Be more forgiving about not-quite-valid semver strings.
   (Any resulting output will always be 100% strict compliant, of
   course.)  For backwards compatibility reasons, if the `options`
   argument is a boolean value instead of an object, it is interpreted
   to be the `loose` param.
-- `includePrerelease`  Set to suppress the [default
+- `includePrerelease`: Set to suppress the [default
   behavior](https://github.com/npm/node-semver#prerelease-tags) of
   excluding prerelease tagged versions from ranges unless they are
   explicitly opted into.
@@ -415,16 +415,20 @@ Strict-mode Comparators and Ranges will be strict about the SemVer
 strings that they parse.
 
 * `valid(v)`: Return the parsed version, or null if it's not valid.
-* `inc(v, release)`: Return the version incremented by the release
-  type (`major`,   `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`,
+* `inc(v, release, options, identifier, identifierBase)`: 
+  Return the version incremented by the release
+  type (`major`, `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`,
   `prepatch`, or `prerelease`), or null if it's not valid
   * `premajor` in one call will bump the version up to the next major
     version and down to a prerelease of that major version.
     `preminor`, and `prepatch` work the same way.
-  * If called from a non-prerelease version, the `prerelease` will work the
-    same as `prepatch`. It increments the patch version, then makes a
+  * If called from a non-prerelease version, `prerelease` will work the
+    same as `prepatch`. It increments the patch version and then makes a
     prerelease. If the input version is already a prerelease it simply
     increments it.
+  * `identifier` can be used to prefix `premajor`, `preminor`,
+    `prepatch`, or `prerelease` version increments. `identifierBase`
+    is the base to be used for the `prerelease` identifier.
 * `prerelease(v)`: Returns an array of prerelease components, or null
   if none exist. Example: `prerelease('1.2.3-alpha.1') -> ['alpha', 1]`
 * `major(v)`: Return the major version number.
@@ -442,7 +446,7 @@ strings that they parse.
 * `lt(v1, v2)`: `v1 < v2`
 * `lte(v1, v2)`: `v1 <= v2`
 * `eq(v1, v2)`: `v1 == v2` This is true if they're logically equivalent,
-  even if they're not the exact same string.  You already know how to
+  even if they're not the same string.  You already know how to
   compare strings.
 * `neq(v1, v2)`: `v1 != v2` The opposite of `eq`.
 * `cmp(v1, comparator, v2)`: Pass in a comparison string, and it'll call
@@ -451,15 +455,22 @@ strings that they parse.
   invalid comparison string is provided.
 * `compare(v1, v2)`: Return `0` if `v1 == v2`, or `1` if `v1` is greater, or `-1` if
   `v2` is greater.  Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
-* `rcompare(v1, v2)`: The reverse of compare.  Sorts an array of versions
+* `rcompare(v1, v2)`: The reverse of `compare`.  Sorts an array of versions
   in descending order when passed to `Array.sort()`.
 * `compareBuild(v1, v2)`: The same as `compare` but considers `build` when two versions
   are equal.  Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
-  `v2` is greater.  Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
-* `diff(v1, v2)`: Returns difference between two versions by the release type
+* `compareLoose(v1, v2)`: Short for `compare(v1, v2, { loose: true })`.
+* `diff(v1, v2)`: Returns the difference between two versions by the release type
   (`major`, `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`, `prepatch`, or `prerelease`),
   or null if the versions are the same.
 
+### Sorting
+
+* `sort(versions)`: Returns a sorted array of versions based on the `compareBuild` 
+  function.
+* `rsort(versions)`: The reverse of `sort`. Returns an array of versions based on
+  the `compareBuild` function in descending order.
+
 ### Comparators
 
 * `intersects(comparator)`: Return true if the comparators intersect
@@ -473,19 +484,19 @@ strings that they parse.
   that satisfies the range, or `null` if none of them do.
 * `minSatisfying(versions, range)`: Return the lowest version in the list
   that satisfies the range, or `null` if none of them do.
-* `minVersion(range)`: Return the lowest version that can possibly match
+* `minVersion(range)`: Return the lowest version that can match
   the given range.
-* `gtr(version, range)`: Return `true` if version is greater than all the
+* `gtr(version, range)`: Return `true` if the version is greater than all the
   versions possible in the range.
-* `ltr(version, range)`: Return `true` if version is less than all the
+* `ltr(version, range)`: Return `true` if the version is less than all the
   versions possible in the range.
 * `outside(version, range, hilo)`: Return true if the version is outside
   the bounds of the range in either the high or low direction.  The
   `hilo` argument must be either the string `'>'` or `'<'`.  (This is
   the function called by `gtr` and `ltr`.)
-* `intersects(range)`: Return true if any of the ranges comparators intersect
+* `intersects(range)`: Return true if any of the range comparators intersect.
 * `simplifyRange(versions, range)`: Return a "simplified" range that
-  matches the same items in `versions` list as the range specified.  Note
+  matches the same items in the `versions` list as the range specified.  Note
   that it does *not* guarantee that it would match the same versions in all
   cases, only for the set of versions provided.  This is useful when
   generating ranges by joining together multiple versions with `||`
@@ -498,7 +509,7 @@ strings that they parse.
 Note that, since ranges may be non-contiguous, a version might not be
 greater than a range, less than a range, *or* satisfy a range!  For
 example, the range `1.2 <1.2.9 || >2.0.0` would have a hole from `1.2.9`
-until `2.0.0`, so the version `1.2.10` would not be greater than the
+until `2.0.0`, so version `1.2.10` would not be greater than the
 range (because `2.0.1` satisfies, which is higher), nor less than the
 range (since `1.2.8` satisfies, which is lower), and it also does not
 satisfy the range.
@@ -511,13 +522,13 @@ range, use the `satisfies(version, range)` function.
 * `coerce(version, options)`: Coerces a string to semver if possible
 
 This aims to provide a very forgiving translation of a non-semver string to
-semver. It looks for the first digit in a string, and consumes all
+semver. It looks for the first digit in a string and consumes all
 remaining characters which satisfy at least a partial semver (e.g., `1`,
 `1.2`, `1.2.3`) up to the max permitted length (256 characters).  Longer
 versions are simply truncated (`4.6.3.9.2-alpha2` becomes `4.6.3`).  All
 surrounding text is simply ignored (`v3.4 replaces v3.3.1` becomes
 `3.4.0`).  Only text which lacks digits will fail coercion (`version one`
-is not valid).  The maximum  length for any semver component considered for
+is not valid).  The maximum length for any semver component considered for
 coercion is 16 characters; longer components will be ignored
 (`10000000000000000.4.7.4` becomes `4.7.4`).  The maximum value for any
 semver component is `Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || (2**53 - 1)`; higher value
@@ -529,6 +540,10 @@ tuple.  For example, `1.2.3.4` will return `2.3.4` in rtl mode, not
 `4.0.0`.  `1.2.3/4` will return `4.0.0`, because the `4` is not a part of
 any other overlapping SemVer tuple.
 
+If the `options.includePrerelease` flag is set, then the `coerce` result will contain
+prerelease and build parts of a version.  For example, `1.2.3.4-rc.1+rev.2`
+will preserve prerelease `rc.1` and build `rev.2` in the result.
+
 ### Clean
 
 * `clean(version)`: Clean a string to be a valid semver if possible
@@ -543,7 +558,7 @@ ex.
 * `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5-foo')`: `null`
 * `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5-foo', { loose: true })`: `'2.1.5-foo'`
 * `s.clean('=v2.1.5')`: `'2.1.5'`
-* `s.clean('  =v2.1.5')`: `2.1.5`
+* `s.clean('  =v2.1.5')`: `'2.1.5'`
 * `s.clean('      2.1.5   ')`: `'2.1.5'`
 * `s.clean('~1.0.0')`: `null`
 
@@ -589,7 +604,7 @@ eg), and then pull the module name into the documentation for that specific
 thing.
 -->
 
-You may pull in just the part of this semver utility that you need, if you
+You may pull in just the part of this semver utility that you need if you
 are sensitive to packing and tree-shaking concerns.  The main
 `require('semver')` export uses getter functions to lazily load the parts
 of the API that are used.
@@ -632,6 +647,8 @@ The following modules are available:
 * `require('semver/ranges/min-satisfying')`
 * `require('semver/ranges/min-version')`
 * `require('semver/ranges/outside')`
+* `require('semver/ranges/simplify')`
+* `require('semver/ranges/subset')`
 * `require('semver/ranges/to-comparators')`
 * `require('semver/ranges/valid')`
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/bench-compare.js b/benchmarks/bench-compare.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2dfc0900
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/bench-compare.js
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+const Benchmark = require('benchmark')
+const SemVer = require('../classes/semver')
+const suite = new Benchmark.Suite()
+
+const versions = ['1.0.3', '2.2.2', '2.3.0']
+const versionToCompare = '1.0.2'
+const option1 = { includePrelease: true }
+const option2 = { includePrelease: true, loose: true }
+const option3 = { includePrelease: true, loose: true, rtl: true }
+
+for (const version of versions) {
+  suite.add(`compare ${version} to ${versionToCompare}`, function () {
+    const semver = new SemVer(version)
+    semver.compare(versionToCompare)
+  })
+}
+
+for (const version of versions) {
+  suite.add(
+    `compare ${version} to ${versionToCompare} with option (${JSON.stringify(option1)})`,
+    function () {
+      const semver = new SemVer(version, option1)
+      semver.compare(versionToCompare)
+    })
+}
+
+for (const version of versions) {
+  suite.add(`compare ${version} to ${versionToCompare} with option (${JSON.stringify(option2)})`,
+    function () {
+      const semver = new SemVer(version, option2)
+      semver.compare(versionToCompare)
+    })
+}
+
+for (const version of versions) {
+  suite.add(
+    `compare ${version} to ${versionToCompare} with option (${JSON.stringify(option3)})`,
+    function () {
+      const semver = new SemVer(version, option3)
+      semver.compare(versionToCompare)
+    })
+}
+
+suite
+  .on('cycle', function (event) {
+    console.log(String(event.target))
+  })
+  .run({ async: false })
diff --git a/benchmarks/bench-diff.js b/benchmarks/bench-diff.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..97d74441
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/bench-diff.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+const Benchmark = require('benchmark')
+const diff = require('../functions/diff')
+const suite = new Benchmark.Suite()
+
+const cases = [
+  ['0.0.1', '0.0.1-pre', 'patch'],
+  ['0.0.1', '0.0.1-pre-2', 'patch'],
+  ['1.1.0', '1.1.0-pre', 'minor'],
+]
+
+for (const [v1, v2] of cases) {
+  suite.add(`diff(${v1}, ${v2})`, function () {
+    diff(v1, v2)
+  })
+}
+
+suite
+  .on('cycle', function (event) {
+    console.log(String(event.target))
+  })
+  .run({ async: false })
diff --git a/benchmarks/bench-parse-options.js b/benchmarks/bench-parse-options.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..41ab232c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/bench-parse-options.js
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+const Benchmark = require('benchmark')
+const parseOptions = require('../internal/parse-options')
+const suite = new Benchmark.Suite()
+
+const options1 = {
+  includePrerelease: true,
+}
+
+const options2 = {
+  includePrerelease: true,
+  loose: true,
+}
+
+const options3 = {
+  includePrerelease: true,
+  loose: true,
+  rtl: false,
+}
+
+suite
+  .add('includePrerelease', function () {
+    parseOptions(options1)
+  })
+  .add('includePrerelease + loose', function () {
+    parseOptions(options2)
+  })
+  .add('includePrerelease + loose + rtl', function () {
+    parseOptions(options3)
+  })
+  .on('cycle', function (event) {
+    console.log(String(event.target))
+  })
+  .run({ async: false })
diff --git a/benchmarks/bench-parse.js b/benchmarks/bench-parse.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e4180c44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/bench-parse.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+const Benchmark = require('benchmark')
+const parse = require('../functions/parse')
+const { MAX_SAFE_INTEGER } = require('../internal/constants')
+const suite = new Benchmark.Suite()
+
+const cases = ['1.2.1', '1.2.2-4', '1.2.3-pre']
+const invalidCases = [`${MAX_SAFE_INTEGER}0.0.0`, 'hello, world', 'xyz']
+
+for (const test of cases) {
+  suite.add(`parse(${test})`, function () {
+    parse(test)
+  })
+}
+
+for (const test of invalidCases) {
+  suite.add(`invalid parse(${test})`, function () {
+    parse(test)
+  })
+}
+
+suite
+  .on('cycle', function (event) {
+    console.log(String(event.target))
+  })
+  .run({ async: false })
diff --git a/benchmarks/bench-satisfies.js b/benchmarks/bench-satisfies.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a95a2c30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/bench-satisfies.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+const Benchmark = require('benchmark')
+const satisfies = require('../functions/satisfies')
+const suite = new Benchmark.Suite()
+
+const versions = ['1.0.3||^2.0.0', '2.2.2||~3.0.0', '2.3.0||<4.0.0']
+const versionToCompare = '1.0.6'
+const option1 = { includePrelease: true }
+const option2 = { includePrelease: true, loose: true }
+const option3 = { includePrelease: true, loose: true, rtl: true }
+
+for (const version of versions) {
+  suite.add(`satisfies(${versionToCompare}, ${version})`, function () {
+    satisfies(versionToCompare, version)
+  })
+}
+
+for (const version of versions) {
+  suite.add(`satisfies(${versionToCompare}, ${version}, ${JSON.stringify(option1)})`, function () {
+    satisfies(versionToCompare, version, option1)
+  })
+}
+
+for (const version of versions) {
+  suite.add(`satisfies(${versionToCompare}, ${version}, ${JSON.stringify(option2)})`, function () {
+    satisfies(versionToCompare, version, option2)
+  })
+}
+
+for (const version of versions) {
+  suite.add(`satisfies(${versionToCompare}, ${version}, ${JSON.stringify(option3)})`, function () {
+    satisfies(versionToCompare, version, option3)
+  })
+}
+
+suite
+  .on('cycle', function (event) {
+    console.log(String(event.target))
+  })
+  .run({ async: false })
diff --git a/benchmarks/bench-subset.js b/benchmarks/bench-subset.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8825fae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/benchmarks/bench-subset.js
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+const Benchmark = require('benchmark')
+const subset = require('../ranges/subset')
+const suite = new Benchmark.Suite()
+
+// taken from tests
+const cases = [
+  // everything is a subset of *
+  ['1.2.3', '*', true],
+  ['^1.2.3', '*', true],
+  ['^1.2.3-pre.0', '*', false],
+  ['^1.2.3-pre.0', '*', true, { includePrerelease: true }],
+  ['1 || 2 || 3', '*', true],
+]
+
+for (const [sub, dom] of cases) {
+  suite.add(`subset(${sub}, ${dom})`, function () {
+    subset(sub, dom)
+  })
+}
+
+suite
+  .on('cycle', function (event) {
+    console.log(String(event.target))
+  })
+  .run({ async: false })
diff --git a/bin/semver.js b/bin/semver.js
index 242b7ade..f62b566f 100755
--- a/bin/semver.js
+++ b/bin/semver.js
@@ -119,7 +119,11 @@ const main = () => {
       return fail()
     }
   }
-  return success(versions)
+  versions
+    .sort((a, b) => semver[reverse ? 'rcompare' : 'compare'](a, b, options))
+    .map(v => semver.clean(v, options))
+    .map(v => inc ? semver.inc(v, inc, options, identifier, identifierBase) : v)
+    .forEach(v => console.log(v))
 }
 
 const failInc = () => {
@@ -129,19 +133,6 @@ const failInc = () => {
 
 const fail = () => process.exit(1)
 
-const success = () => {
-  const compare = reverse ? 'rcompare' : 'compare'
-  versions.sort((a, b) => {
-    return semver[compare](a, b, options)
-  }).map((v) => {
-    return semver.clean(v, options)
-  }).map((v) => {
-    return inc ? semver.inc(v, inc, options, identifier, identifierBase) : v
-  }).forEach((v, i, _) => {
-    console.log(v)
-  })
-}
-
 const help = () => console.log(
 `SemVer ${version}
 
diff --git a/classes/range.js b/classes/range.js
index 7e7c4141..ceee2314 100644
--- a/classes/range.js
+++ b/classes/range.js
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+const SPACE_CHARACTERS = /\s+/g
+
 // hoisted class for cyclic dependency
 class Range {
   constructor (range, options) {
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ class Range {
       // just put it in the set and return
       this.raw = range.value
       this.set = [[range]]
-      this.format()
+      this.formatted = undefined
       return this
     }
 
@@ -29,10 +31,7 @@ class Range {
     // First reduce all whitespace as much as possible so we do not have to rely
     // on potentially slow regexes like \s*. This is then stored and used for
     // future error messages as well.
-    this.raw = range
-      .trim()
-      .split(/\s+/)
-      .join(' ')
+    this.raw = range.trim().replace(SPACE_CHARACTERS, ' ')
 
     // First, split on ||
     this.set = this.raw
@@ -66,14 +65,29 @@ class Range {
       }
     }
 
-    this.format()
+    this.formatted = undefined
+  }
+
+  get range () {
+    if (this.formatted === undefined) {
+      this.formatted = ''
+      for (let i = 0; i < this.set.length; i++) {
+        if (i > 0) {
+          this.formatted += '||'
+        }
+        const comps = this.set[i]
+        for (let k = 0; k < comps.length; k++) {
+          if (k > 0) {
+            this.formatted += ' '
+          }
+          this.formatted += comps[k].toString().trim()
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return this.formatted
   }
 
   format () {
-    this.range = this.set
-      .map((comps) => comps.join(' ').trim())
-      .join('||')
-      .trim()
     return this.range
   }
 
@@ -198,8 +212,8 @@ class Range {
 
 module.exports = Range
 
-const LRU = require('lru-cache')
-const cache = new LRU({ max: 1000 })
+const LRU = require('../internal/lrucache')
+const cache = new LRU()
 
 const parseOptions = require('../internal/parse-options')
 const Comparator = require('./comparator')
@@ -470,9 +484,10 @@ const replaceGTE0 = (comp, options) => {
 // 1.2 - 3.4.5 => >=1.2.0 <=3.4.5
 // 1.2.3 - 3.4 => >=1.2.0 <3.5.0-0 Any 3.4.x will do
 // 1.2 - 3.4 => >=1.2.0 <3.5.0-0
+// TODO build?
 const hyphenReplace = incPr => ($0,
   from, fM, fm, fp, fpr, fb,
-  to, tM, tm, tp, tpr, tb) => {
+  to, tM, tm, tp, tpr) => {
   if (isX(fM)) {
     from = ''
   } else if (isX(fm)) {
diff --git a/classes/semver.js b/classes/semver.js
index 84e84590..13e66ce4 100644
--- a/classes/semver.js
+++ b/classes/semver.js
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class SemVer {
     do {
       const a = this.build[i]
       const b = other.build[i]
-      debug('prerelease compare', i, a, b)
+      debug('build compare', i, a, b)
       if (a === undefined && b === undefined) {
         return 0
       } else if (b === undefined) {
diff --git a/functions/coerce.js b/functions/coerce.js
index febbff9c..b378dcea 100644
--- a/functions/coerce.js
+++ b/functions/coerce.js
@@ -19,34 +19,42 @@ const coerce = (version, options) => {
 
   let match = null
   if (!options.rtl) {
-    match = version.match(re[t.COERCE])
+    match = version.match(options.includePrerelease ? re[t.COERCEFULL] : re[t.COERCE])
   } else {
     // Find the right-most coercible string that does not share
     // a terminus with a more left-ward coercible string.
     // Eg, '1.2.3.4' wants to coerce '2.3.4', not '3.4' or '4'
+    // With includePrerelease option set, '1.2.3.4-rc' wants to coerce '2.3.4-rc', not '2.3.4'
     //
     // Walk through the string checking with a /g regexp
     // Manually set the index so as to pick up overlapping matches.
     // Stop when we get a match that ends at the string end, since no
     // coercible string can be more right-ward without the same terminus.
+    const coerceRtlRegex = options.includePrerelease ? re[t.COERCERTLFULL] : re[t.COERCERTL]
     let next
-    while ((next = re[t.COERCERTL].exec(version)) &&
+    while ((next = coerceRtlRegex.exec(version)) &&
         (!match || match.index + match[0].length !== version.length)
     ) {
       if (!match ||
             next.index + next[0].length !== match.index + match[0].length) {
         match = next
       }
-      re[t.COERCERTL].lastIndex = next.index + next[1].length + next[2].length
+      coerceRtlRegex.lastIndex = next.index + next[1].length + next[2].length
     }
     // leave it in a clean state
-    re[t.COERCERTL].lastIndex = -1
+    coerceRtlRegex.lastIndex = -1
   }
 
   if (match === null) {
     return null
   }
 
-  return parse(`${match[2]}.${match[3] || '0'}.${match[4] || '0'}`, options)
+  const major = match[2]
+  const minor = match[3] || '0'
+  const patch = match[4] || '0'
+  const prerelease = options.includePrerelease && match[5] ? `-${match[5]}` : ''
+  const build = options.includePrerelease && match[6] ? `+${match[6]}` : ''
+
+  return parse(`${major}.${minor}.${patch}${prerelease}${build}`, options)
 }
 module.exports = coerce
diff --git a/internal/lrucache.js b/internal/lrucache.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d89ec94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/lrucache.js
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+class LRUCache {
+  constructor () {
+    this.max = 1000
+    this.map = new Map()
+  }
+
+  get (key) {
+    const value = this.map.get(key)
+    if (value === undefined) {
+      return undefined
+    } else {
+      // Remove the key from the map and add it to the end
+      this.map.delete(key)
+      this.map.set(key, value)
+      return value
+    }
+  }
+
+  delete (key) {
+    return this.map.delete(key)
+  }
+
+  set (key, value) {
+    const deleted = this.delete(key)
+
+    if (!deleted && value !== undefined) {
+      // If cache is full, delete the least recently used item
+      if (this.map.size >= this.max) {
+        const firstKey = this.map.keys().next().value
+        this.delete(firstKey)
+      }
+
+      this.map.set(key, value)
+    }
+
+    return this
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = LRUCache
diff --git a/internal/re.js b/internal/re.js
index 21150b3e..fd8920e7 100644
--- a/internal/re.js
+++ b/internal/re.js
@@ -154,12 +154,17 @@ createToken('XRANGELOOSE', `^${src[t.GTLT]}\\s*${src[t.XRANGEPLAINLOOSE]}$`)
 
 // Coercion.
 // Extract anything that could conceivably be a part of a valid semver
-createToken('COERCE', `${'(^|[^\\d])' +
+createToken('COERCEPLAIN', `${'(^|[^\\d])' +
               '(\\d{1,'}${MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH}})` +
               `(?:\\.(\\d{1,${MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH}}))?` +
-              `(?:\\.(\\d{1,${MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH}}))?` +
+              `(?:\\.(\\d{1,${MAX_SAFE_COMPONENT_LENGTH}}))?`)
+createToken('COERCE', `${src[t.COERCEPLAIN]}(?:$|[^\\d])`)
+createToken('COERCEFULL', src[t.COERCEPLAIN] +
+              `(?:${src[t.PRERELEASE]})?` +
+              `(?:${src[t.BUILD]})?` +
               `(?:$|[^\\d])`)
 createToken('COERCERTL', src[t.COERCE], true)
+createToken('COERCERTLFULL', src[t.COERCEFULL], true)
 
 // Tilde ranges.
 // Meaning is "reasonably at or greater than"
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index c145eca2..663d3701 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 {
   "name": "semver",
-  "version": "7.5.4",
+  "version": "7.6.3",
   "description": "The semantic version parser used by npm.",
   "main": "index.js",
   "scripts": {
     "test": "tap",
     "snap": "tap",
-    "lint": "eslint \"**/*.js\"",
+    "lint": "eslint \"**/*.{js,cjs,ts,mjs,jsx,tsx}\"",
     "postlint": "template-oss-check",
     "lintfix": "npm run lint -- --fix",
     "posttest": "npm run lint",
@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@npmcli/eslint-config": "^4.0.0",
-    "@npmcli/template-oss": "4.17.0",
+    "@npmcli/template-oss": "4.22.0",
+    "benchmark": "^2.1.4",
     "tap": "^16.0.0"
   },
   "license": "ISC",
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
-    "url": "https://github.com/npm/node-semver.git"
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/npm/node-semver.git"
   },
   "bin": {
     "semver": "bin/semver.js"
@@ -47,23 +48,11 @@
   "engines": {
     "node": ">=10"
   },
-  "dependencies": {
-    "lru-cache": "^6.0.0"
-  },
   "author": "GitHub Inc.",
   "templateOSS": {
     "//@npmcli/template-oss": "This file is partially managed by @npmcli/template-oss. Edits may be overwritten.",
-    "version": "4.17.0",
+    "version": "4.22.0",
     "engines": ">=10",
-    "ciVersions": [
-      "10.0.0",
-      "10.x",
-      "12.x",
-      "14.x",
-      "16.x",
-      "18.x"
-    ],
-    "npmSpec": "8",
     "distPaths": [
       "classes/",
       "functions/",
@@ -80,7 +69,8 @@
       "/ranges/",
       "/index.js",
       "/preload.js",
-      "/range.bnf"
+      "/range.bnf",
+      "/benchmarks"
     ],
     "publish": "true"
   }
diff --git a/release-please-config.json b/release-please-config.json
index 73d1e353..a1676b9c 100644
--- a/release-please-config.json
+++ b/release-please-config.json
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 {
-  "exclude-packages-from-root": true,
   "group-pull-request-title-pattern": "chore: release ${version}",
   "pull-request-title-pattern": "chore: release${component} ${version}",
   "changelog-sections": [
@@ -25,6 +24,7 @@
     },
     {
       "type": "chore",
+      "section": "Chores",
       "hidden": true
     }
   ],
@@ -32,5 +32,6 @@
     ".": {
       "package-name": ""
     }
-  }
+  },
+  "prerelease-type": "pre"
 }
diff --git a/test/classes/range.js b/test/classes/range.js
index 24686adf..c1e6eb1b 100644
--- a/test/classes/range.js
+++ b/test/classes/range.js
@@ -82,6 +82,15 @@ test('tostrings', (t) => {
   t.end()
 })
 
+test('formatted value is calculated lazily and cached', (t) => {
+  const r = new Range('>= v1.2.3')
+  t.equal(r.formatted, undefined)
+  t.equal(r.format(), '>=1.2.3')
+  t.equal(r.formatted, '>=1.2.3')
+  t.equal(r.format(), '>=1.2.3')
+  t.end()
+})
+
 test('ranges intersect', (t) => {
   rangeIntersection.forEach(([r0, r1, expect]) => {
     t.test(`${r0} <~> ${r1}`, t => {
@@ -105,3 +114,13 @@ test('missing range parameter in range intersect', (t) => {
   'throws type error')
   t.end()
 })
+
+test('cache', (t) => {
+  const cached = Symbol('cached')
+  const r1 = new Range('1.0.0')
+  r1.set[0][cached] = true
+  const r2 = new Range('1.0.0')
+  t.equal(r1.set[0][cached], true)
+  t.equal(r2.set[0][cached], true) // Will be true, showing it's cached.
+  t.end()
+})
diff --git a/test/functions/clean.js b/test/functions/clean.js
index 1df155bf..830e824b 100644
--- a/test/functions/clean.js
+++ b/test/functions/clean.js
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ test('clean tests', (t) => {
     ['~1.2.3', null],
     ['<=1.2.3', null],
     ['1.2.x', null],
+    ['0.12.0-dev.1150+3c22cecee', '0.12.0-dev.1150'],
   ].forEach(([range, version]) => {
     const msg = `clean(${range}) = ${version}`
     t.equal(clean(range), version, msg)
diff --git a/test/functions/coerce.js b/test/functions/coerce.js
index ad9f199f..24e2ff76 100644
--- a/test/functions/coerce.js
+++ b/test/functions/coerce.js
@@ -110,13 +110,47 @@ test('coerce tests', (t) => {
     ['1.2.3/6', '6.0.0', { rtl: true }],
     ['1.2.3.4', '2.3.4', { rtl: true }],
     ['1.2.3.4xyz', '2.3.4', { rtl: true }],
+
+    ['1-rc.5', '1.0.0-rc.5', { includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2-rc.5', '1.2.0-rc.5', { includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3-rc.5', '1.2.3-rc.5', { includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3-rc.5/a', '1.2.3-rc.5', { includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3.4-rc.5', '1.2.3', { includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3.4+rev.6', '1.2.3', { includePrerelease: true }],
+
+    ['1+rev.6', '1.0.0+rev.6', { includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2+rev.6', '1.2.0+rev.6', { includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3+rev.6', '1.2.3+rev.6', { includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3+rev.6/a', '1.2.3+rev.6', { includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3.4-rc.5', '1.2.3', { includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3.4+rev.6', '1.2.3', { includePrerelease: true }],
+
+    ['1-rc.5+rev.6', '1.0.0-rc.5+rev.6', { includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2-rc.5+rev.6', '1.2.0-rc.5+rev.6', { includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3-rc.5+rev.6', '1.2.3-rc.5+rev.6', { includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3-rc.5+rev.6/a', '1.2.3-rc.5+rev.6', { includePrerelease: true }],
+
+    ['1.2-rc.5+rev.6', '1.2.0-rc.5+rev.6', { rtl: true, includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3-rc.5+rev.6', '1.2.3-rc.5+rev.6', { rtl: true, includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3.4-rc.5+rev.6', '2.3.4-rc.5+rev.6', { rtl: true, includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3.4-rc.5', '2.3.4-rc.5', { rtl: true, includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3.4+rev.6', '2.3.4+rev.6', { rtl: true, includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3.4-rc.5+rev.6/7', '7.0.0', { rtl: true, includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3.4-rc/7.5+rev.6', '7.5.0+rev.6', { rtl: true, includePrerelease: true }],
+    ['1.2.3.4/7-rc.5+rev.6', '7.0.0-rc.5+rev.6', { rtl: true, includePrerelease: true }],
   ]
   coerceToValid.forEach(([input, expected, options]) => {
-    const msg = `coerce(${input}) should become ${expected}`
-    t.same((coerce(input, options) || {}).version, expected, msg)
+    const coerceExpression = `coerce(${input}, ${JSON.stringify(options)})`
+    const coercedVersion = coerce(input, options) || {}
+    const expectedVersion = parse(expected)
+    t.equal(expectedVersion.compare(coercedVersion), 0,
+      `${coerceExpression} should be equal to ${expectedVersion}`)
+    t.equal(expectedVersion.compareBuild(coercedVersion), 0,
+      `${coerceExpression} build should be equal to ${expectedVersion}`)
   })
 
   t.same(valid(coerce('42.6.7.9.3-alpha')), '42.6.7')
+  t.same(valid(coerce('42.6.7-alpha+rev.1', { includePrerelease: true })), '42.6.7-alpha')
   t.same(valid(coerce('v2')), '2.0.0')
 
   t.end()
diff --git a/test/internal/lrucache.js b/test/internal/lrucache.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83a0e797
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/internal/lrucache.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+const { test } = require('tap')
+const LRUCache = require('../../internal/lrucache')
+
+test('basic cache operation', t => {
+  const c = new LRUCache()
+  const max = 1000
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < max; i++) {
+    t.equal(c.set(i, i), c)
+  }
+  for (let i = 0; i < max; i++) {
+    t.equal(c.get(i), i)
+  }
+  c.set(1001, 1001)
+  // lru item should be gone
+  t.equal(c.get(0), undefined)
+  c.set(42, undefined)
+  t.end()
+})