feat: add java solution to lc problem: No.1307 (doocs#3389)

Author: CodersAcademy006

solution/1300-1399/1307.Verbal Arithmetic Puzzle/Solution.java

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+class Solution {
+    private boolean isAnyMapping(List<String> words, int row, int col, int bal,
+        HashMap<Character, Integer> letToDig, char[] digToLet, int totalRows, int totalCols) {
+        // If traversed all columns.
+        if (col == totalCols) {
+            return bal == 0;
+        }
+
+        // At the end of a particular column.
+        if (row == totalRows) {
+            return (bal % 10 == 0
+                && isAnyMapping(
+                    words, 0, col + 1, bal / 10, letToDig, digToLet, totalRows, totalCols));
+        }
+
+        String w = words.get(row);
+
+        // If the current string 'w' has no character in the ('col')th index.
+        if (col >= w.length()) {
+            return isAnyMapping(words, row + 1, col, bal, letToDig, digToLet, totalRows, totalCols);
+        }
+
+        // Take the current character in the variable letter.
+        char letter = w.charAt(w.length() - 1 - col);
+
+        // Create a variable 'sign' to check whether we have to add it or subtract it.
+        int sign = (row < totalRows - 1) ? 1 : -1;
+
+        // If we have a prior valid mapping, then use that mapping.
+        // The second condition is for the leading zeros.
+        if (letToDig.containsKey(letter)
+            && (letToDig.get(letter) != 0 || (letToDig.get(letter) == 0 && w.length() == 1)
+                || col != w.length() - 1)) {
+
+            return isAnyMapping(words, row + 1, col, bal + sign * letToDig.get(letter), letToDig,
+                digToLet, totalRows, totalCols);
+
+        } else {
+            // Choose a new mapping.
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+                // If 'i'th mapping is valid then select it.
+                if (digToLet[i] == '-'
+                    && (i != 0 || (i == 0 && w.length() == 1) || col != w.length() - 1)) {
+                    digToLet[i] = letter;
+                    letToDig.put(letter, i);
+
+                    // Call the function again with the new mapping.
+                    if (isAnyMapping(words, row + 1, col, bal + sign * letToDig.get(letter),
+                            letToDig, digToLet, totalRows, totalCols)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+
+                    // Unselect the mapping.
+                    digToLet[i] = '-';
+                    letToDig.remove(letter);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If nothing is correct then just return false.
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isSolvable(String[] wordsArr, String result) {
+        // Add the string 'result' in the list 'words'.
+        List<String> words = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (String word : wordsArr) {
+            words.add(word);
+        }
+        words.add(result);
+
+        int totalRows = words.size();
+
+        // Find the longest string in the list and set 'totalCols' with the size of that string.
+        int totalCols = 0;
+        for (String word : words) {
+            if (totalCols < word.length()) {
+                totalCols = word.length();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Create a HashMap for the letter to digit mapping.
+        HashMap<Character, Integer> letToDig = new HashMap<>();
+
+        // Create a char array for the digit to letter mapping.
+        char[] digToLet = new char[10];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            digToLet[i] = '-';
+        }
+
+        return isAnyMapping(words, 0, 0, 0, letToDig, digToLet, totalRows, totalCols);
+    }
+}