Updated Chapter 8 examples

Author: pdeitel

examples/ch08/fig08_01.cpp

@@ -1,38 +1,38 @@
 // fig08_01.cpp
 // Demonstrating string assignment and concatenation.
+#include <fmt/format.h> 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string> 
-#include "fmt/format.h" // In C++20, this will be #include <format>  
-using namespace std;
 
 int main() {
-   string s1{"cat"};
-   string s2; // initialized to the empty string
-   string s3; // initialized to the empty string
+   std::string s1{"cat"};
+   std::string s2; // initialized to the empty string
+   std::string s3; // initialized to the empty string
 
    s2 = s1; // assign s1 to s2      
    s3.assign(s1); // assign s1 to s3
-   cout << fmt::format("s1: {}\ns2: {}\ns3: {}\n\n", s1, s2, s3);
+   std::cout << fmt::format("s1: {}\ns2: {}\ns3: {}\n\n", s1, s2, s3);
 
    s2.at(0) = 'r'; // modify s2 
    s3.at(2) = 'r'; // modify s3
-   cout << fmt::format("After modifications:\ns2: {}\ns3: {}", s2, s3);
+   std::cout << fmt::format("After changes:\ns2: {}\ns3: {}", s2, s3);
 
-   cout << "\n\nAfter concatenations:\n";
-   string s4{s1 + "apult"}; // concatenation
+   std::cout << "\n\nAfter concatenations:\n";
+   std::string s4{s1 + "apult"}; // concatenation
    s1.append("acomb"); // create "catacomb"
    s3 += "pet"; // create "carpet" with overloaded +=
-   cout << fmt::format("s1: {}\ns3: {}\ns4: {}\n", s1, s3, s4);
+   std::cout << fmt::format("s1: {}\ns3: {}\ns4: {}\n", s1, s3, s4);
 
    // append locations 4 through end of s1 to
    // create string "comb" (s5 was initially empty)    
-   string s5; // initialized to the empty string
+   std::string s5; // initialized to the empty string
    s5.append(s1, 4, s1.size() - 4);
-   cout << fmt::format("s5: {}", s5);
+   std::cout << fmt::format("s5: {}", s5);
 }
 
+
 /**************************************************************************
- * (C) Copyright 1992-2017 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and               *
+ * (C) Copyright 1992-2022 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and               *
  * Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.                           *
  *                                                                        *
  * DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their     *

examples/ch08/fig08_02.cpp

@@ -1,39 +1,39 @@
 // fig08_02.cpp
 // Comparing strings.
+#include <fmt/format.h>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
-#include "fmt/format.h" // In C++20, this will be #include <format>  
-using namespace std;
 
-void displayResult(const string& s, int result) {
+void displayResult(const std::string& s, int result) {
    if (result == 0) {
-      cout << s + " == 0\n";
+      std::cout << fmt::format("{} == 0\n", s);
    }
    else if (result > 0) {
-      cout << s + " > 0\n";
+      std::cout << fmt::format("{} > 0\n", s);
    }
    else { // result < 0
-      cout << s + " < 0\n";
+      std::cout << fmt::format("{} < 0\n", s);
    }
 }
 
 int main() {
-   const string s1{"Testing the comparison functions."};
-   const string s2{"Hello"};
-   const string s3{"stinger"};
-   const string s4{s2}; // "Hello"
+   const std::string s1{"Testing the comparison functions."};
+   const std::string s2{"Hello"};
+   const std::string s3{"stinger"};
+   const std::string s4{s2}; // "Hello"
 
-   cout << fmt::format("s1: {}\ns2: {}\ns3: {}\ns4: {}", s1, s2, s3, s4);
+   std::cout << fmt::format("s1: {}\ns2: {}\ns3: {}\ns4: {}",
+      s1, s2, s3, s4);
 
    // comparing s1 and s4
    if (s1 > s4) {
-      cout << "\n\ns1 > s4\n";
+      std::cout << "\n\ns1 > s4\n";
    }
 
    // comparing s1 and s2
    displayResult("s1.compare(s2)", s1.compare(s2));
 
-   // comparing s1 (elements 2-5) and s3 (elements 0-5)
+   // comparing s1 (elements 2-6) and s3 (elements 0-4)
    displayResult("s1.compare(2, 5, s3, 0, 5)",
       s1.compare(2, 5, s3, 0, 5));
 
@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ int main() {
 
    // comparing s2 and s4
    displayResult("s2.compare(0, 3, s4)", s2.compare(0, 3, s4));
-} 
+}
 
 
 /**************************************************************************
- * (C) Copyright 1992-2017 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and               *
+ * (C) Copyright 1992-2022 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and               *
  * Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.                           *
  *                                                                        *
  * DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their     *

examples/ch08/fig08_03.cpp

@@ -2,16 +2,16 @@
 // Demonstrating string member function substr.
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
-using namespace std;
 
 int main() {
-   const string s{"airplane"};
-   cout << s.substr(3, 4) << endl; // retrieve substring "plan" 
+   const std::string s{"airplane"};
+   std::cout << s.substr(3, 4) << '\n'; // retrieve substring "plan" 
 }
 
 
+
 /**************************************************************************
- * (C) Copyright 1992-2017 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and               *
+ * (C) Copyright 1992-2022 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and               *
  * Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.                           *
  *                                                                        *
  * DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their     *

examples/ch08/fig08_04.cpp

@@ -1,24 +1,20 @@
 // fig08_04.cpp
 // Using the swap function to swap two strings.
+#include <fmt/format.h> 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
-#include "fmt/format.h" // In C++20, this will be #include <format>  
-using namespace std;
 
 int main() {
-   string first{"one"};
-   string second{"two"};
+   std::string s1{"one"};
+   std::string s2{"two"};
 
-   cout << fmt::format(
-      "Before swap:\nfirst: {}; second: {}", first, second);
-   first.swap(second); // swap strings
-   cout << fmt::format(
-      "\n\nAfter swap:\nfirst: {}; second: {}", first, second);
+   std::cout << fmt::format("Before swap:\ns1: {}; s2: {}", s1, s2);
+   s1.swap(s2); // swap strings
+   std::cout << fmt::format("\n\nAfter swap:\ns1: {}; s2: {}", s1, s2);
 }
 
-
 /**************************************************************************
- * (C) Copyright 1992-2017 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and               *
+ * (C) Copyright 1992-2022 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and               *
  * Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.                           *
  *                                                                        *
  * DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their     *

examples/ch08/fig08_05.cpp

@@ -1,53 +1,48 @@
 // fig08_05.cpp
 // Printing string characteristics.
+#include <fmt/format.h> 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
-#include "fmt/format.h" // In C++20, this will be #include <format>  
-using namespace std;
 
 // display string statistics
-void printStatistics(const string& s) {
-   cout << fmt::format("capacity: {}\nmax size: {}\nsize: {}\nempty: {}",
+void printStatistics(const std::string& s) {
+   std::cout << fmt::format(
+      "capacity: {}\nmax size: {}\nsize: {}\nempty: {}",
       s.capacity(), s.max_size(), s.size(), s.empty());
 }
 
 int main() {
-   string string1; // empty string
+   std::string string1; // empty string
 
-   cout << "Statistics before input:\n";
+   std::cout << "Statistics before input:\n";
    printStatistics(string1);
 
-   cout << "\n\nEnter a string: ";
-   cin >> string1; // delimited by whitespace
-   cout << "The string entered was: " << string1;
-   cout << "\nStatistics after input:\n";
+   std::cout << "\n\nEnter a string: ";
+   std::cin >> string1; // delimited by whitespace
+   std::cout << fmt::format("The string entered was: {}\n", string1);
+   std::cout << "Statistics after input:\n";
    printStatistics(string1);
 
-   cout << "\n\nEnter a string: ";
-   cin >> string1; // delimited by whitespace
-   cout << "The string entered was: " << string1;
-   cout << "\nStatistics after input:\n";
+   std::cout << "\n\nEnter a string: ";
+   std::cin >> string1; // delimited by whitespace
+   std::cout << fmt::format("The string entered was: {}\n", string1);
+   std::cout << "Statistics after input:\n";
    printStatistics(string1);
 
    // append 46 characters to string1
    string1 += "1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890";
-   cout << "\n\nstring1 is now: " << string1;
-   cout << "\nStatistics after concatenation:\n";
+   std::cout << fmt::format("\n\nstring1 is now: {}\n", string1);
+   std::cout << "Statistics after concatenation:\n";
    printStatistics(string1);
 
    string1.resize(string1.size() + 10); // add 10 elements to string1
-   cout << "\n\nStatistics after resizing to add 10 characters:\n";
+   std::cout << "\n\nStatistics after resizing to add 10 characters:\n";
    printStatistics(string1);
-   cout << endl;
+   std::cout << '\n';
 }
 
-
-
-
-
-
 /**************************************************************************
- * (C) Copyright 1992-2017 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and               *
+ * (C) Copyright 1992-2022 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and               *
  * Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.                           *
  *                                                                        *
  * DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their     *

examples/ch08/fig08_06.cpp

@@ -1,51 +1,50 @@
 // fig08_06.cpp
 // Demonstrating the string find member functions.
+#include <fmt/format.h> 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
-#include "fmt/format.h" // In C++20, this will be #include <format>  
-using namespace std;
 
 int main() {
-   const string s{"noon is 12pm; midnight is not"};
-   cout << "Original string: " << s;
+   const std::string s{"noon is 12pm; midnight is not"};
+   std::cout << "Original string: " << s;
 
    // find "is" from the beginning and end of s
-   cout << fmt::format("\ns.find(\"is\"): {}\ns.rfind(\"is\"): {}",
+   std::cout << fmt::format("\ns.find(\"is\"): {}\ns.rfind(\"is\"): {}",
       s.find("is"), s.rfind("is"));
 
    // find 'o' from beginning
-   int location = s.find_first_of("misop");
-   cout << fmt::format("\ns.find_first_of(\"misop\") found {} at {}",
+   int location{s.find_first_of("misop")};
+   std::cout << fmt::format("\ns.find_first_of(\"misop\") found {} at {}",
       s.at(location), location);
 
    // find 'o' from end
    location = s.find_last_of("misop");
-   cout << fmt::format("\ns.find_last_of(\"misop\") found {} at {}",
+   std::cout << fmt::format("\ns.find_last_of(\"misop\") found {} at {}",
       s.at(location), location);
 
    // find '1' from beginning
    location = s.find_first_not_of("noi spm");
-   cout << fmt::format(
+   std::cout << fmt::format(
       "\ns.find_first_not_of(\"noi spm\") found {} at {}",
       s.at(location), location);
 
-   // find ';'
+   // find ';' at location 12
    location = s.find_first_not_of("12noi spm");
-   cout << fmt::format(
+   std::cout << fmt::format(
       "\ns.find_first_not_of(\"12noi spm\") found {} at {}",
       s.at(location), location);
 
    // search for characters not in "noon is 12pm; midnight is not"
    location = s.find_first_not_of("noon is 12pm; midnight is not");
-   cout << fmt::format("\ns.find_first_not_of("s +
-      "\"noon is 12pm; midnight is not\"): {}"s, location);
+   std::cout << fmt::format("\n{}: {}\n",
+      "s.find_first_not_of(\"noon is 12pm; midnight is not\")",
+      location);
 }
 
 
 
-
 /**************************************************************************
- * (C) Copyright 1992-2017 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and               *
+ * (C) Copyright 1992-2022 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and               *
  * Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.                           *
  *                                                                        *
  * DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their     *

examples/ch08/fig08_07.cpp

@@ -1,48 +1,48 @@
 // fig08_07.cpp
 // Demonstrating string member functions erase and replace.
+#include <fmt/format.h> 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string>
-#include "fmt/format.h" // In C++20, this will be #include <format>  
-using namespace std;
 
 int main() {
    // compiler concatenates all parts into one string
-   string string1{"The values in any left subtree"
+   std::string string1{"The values in any left subtree"
       "\nare less than the value in the"
       "\nparent node and the values in"
       "\nany right subtree are greater"
       "\nthan the value in the parent node"};
 
-   cout << fmt::format("Original string:\n{}\n\n", string1);
+   std::cout << fmt::format("Original string:\n{}\n\n", string1);
 
    string1.erase(62); // remove from index 62 through end of string1
-      cout << fmt::format("string1 after erase:\n{}\n", string1);
+   std::cout << fmt::format("string1 after erase:\n{}\n\n", string1);
 
-   size_t position = string1.find(" "); // find first space
+   size_t position{string1.find(" ")}; // find first space
 
    // replace all spaces with period
-   while (position != string::npos) {
+   while (position != std::string::npos) {
       string1.replace(position, 1, ".");
       position = string1.find(" ", position + 1);
    }
 
-   cout << fmt::format("After first replacement:\n{}\n", string1);
+   std::cout << fmt::format("After first replacement:\n{}\n\n", string1);
 
    position = string1.find("."); // find first period
 
    // replace all periods with two semicolons
    // NOTE: this will overwrite characters
-   while (position != string::npos) {
+   while (position != std::string::npos) {
       string1.replace(position, 2, "xxxxx;;yyy", 5, 2);
-      position = string1.find(".", position + 1);
+      position = string1.find(".", position + 2);
    }
 
-   cout << fmt::format("After second replacement:\n{}\n", string1);
+   std::cout << fmt::format("After second replacement:\n{}\n", string1);
 }
 
 
+
 /**************************************************************************
- * (C) Copyright 1992-2017 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and               *
+ * (C) Copyright 1992-2022 by Deitel & Associates, Inc. and               *
  * Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.                           *
  *                                                                        *
  * DISCLAIMER: The authors and publisher of this book have used their     *