Reapply r31105, with some fixes to invalid unconstrained generics. These fixes correct

the regressions that r31105 introduced in the validation tests, as well as fixing a number
of other validation tests as well.

Introduce a new UnresolvedType to the type system, and have CSDiags start to use it
as a way to get more type information out of incorrect subexpressions.  UnresolvedType
generally just propagates around the type system like a type variable:
 - it magically conforms to all protocols
 - it CSGens as an unconstrained type variable.
 - it ASTPrints as _, just like a type variable.

The major difference is that UnresolvedType can be used outside the context of a
ConstraintSystem, which is useful for CSGen since it sets up several of them to 
diagnose subexpressions w.r.t. their types.

For now, our use of this is extremely limited: when a closureexpr has no contextual
type available and its parameters are invalid, we wipe them out with UnresolvedType
(instead of the previous nulltype dance) to get ambiguities later on.

We also introduce a new FreeTypeVariableBinding::UnresolvedType approach for
constraint solving (and use this only in one place in CSDiags so far, to resolve
the callee of a CallExpr) which solves a system and rewrites any leftover type 
variables as UnresolvedTypes.  This allows us to get more precise information out,
for example, diagnosing:

 func r22162441(lines: [String]) {
   lines.map { line in line.fooBar() }
 }

with: value of type 'String' has no member 'fooBar'
instead of: type of expression is ambiguous without more context

This improves a number of other diagnostics as well, but is just the infrastructural
stepping stone for greater things.





Swift SVN r31130

Author: lattner

include/swift/AST/ASTContext.h

@@ -527,6 +527,7 @@ class ASTContext {
 
   // Builtin type and simple types that are used frequently.
   const CanType TheErrorType;             /// This is the ErrorType singleton.
+  const CanType TheUnresolvedType;        /// This is the UnresolvedType singleton.
   const CanType TheEmptyTupleType;        /// This is "()", aka Void
   const CanType TheNativeObjectType;      /// Builtin.NativeObject
   const CanType TheBridgeObjectType;      /// Builtin.BridgeObject

include/swift/AST/TypeNodes.def

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@
 #endif
 
 UNCHECKED_TYPE(Error, Type)
+UNCHECKED_TYPE(Unresolved, Type)
 ABSTRACT_TYPE(Builtin, Type)
   BUILTIN_TYPE(BuiltinInteger, BuiltinType)
   BUILTIN_TYPE(BuiltinFloat, BuiltinType)

include/swift/AST/Types.h

@@ -92,22 +92,26 @@ class RecursiveTypeProperties {
     /// This type expression contains a GenericTypeParamType.
     HasTypeParameter    = 0x04,
 
+    /// This  type expression contains an UnresolvedType.
+    HasUnresolvedType   = 0x08,
+    
+    
     /// This type expression contains an LValueType or InOutType,
     /// other than as a function input.
-    IsNotMaterializable = 0x08,
+    IsNotMaterializable = 0x10,
 
     /// This type expression contains an LValueType and can be loaded to convert
     /// to an rvalue.
-    IsLValue = 0x10,
+    IsLValue = 0x20,
 
     /// This type expression contains an opened existential ArchetypeType.
-    HasOpenedExistential = 0x20,
+    HasOpenedExistential = 0x40,
 
     /// This type expression contains a DynamicSelf type.
-    HasDynamicSelf = 0x40,
+    HasDynamicSelf = 0x80,
 
     /// Whether this type expression contains an unbound generic type.
-    HasUnboundGeneric = 0x80,
+    HasUnboundGeneric = 0x100,
   };
 
 private:
@@ -132,6 +136,9 @@ class RecursiveTypeProperties {
   /// Does a type with these properties have a type parameter somewhere in it?
   bool hasTypeParameter() const { return Bits & HasTypeParameter; }
 
+  /// Does a type with these properties have an unresolved type somewhere in it?
+  bool hasUnresolvedType() const { return Bits & HasUnresolvedType; }
+
   /// Is a type with these properties materializable: that is, is it a
   /// first-class value type?
   bool isMaterializable() const { return !(Bits & IsNotMaterializable); }
@@ -379,6 +386,11 @@ class alignas(1 << TypeAlignInBits) TypeBase {
     return getRecursiveProperties().hasTypeVariable();
   }
 
+  /// \brief Determine whether this type involves a UnresolvedType.
+  bool hasUnresolvedType() const {
+    return getRecursiveProperties().hasUnresolvedType();
+  }
+
   /// Determine whether the type involves an archetype.
   bool hasArchetype() const {
     return getRecursiveProperties().hasArchetype();
@@ -818,6 +830,27 @@ class ErrorType : public TypeBase {
 };
 DEFINE_EMPTY_CAN_TYPE_WRAPPER(ErrorType, Type)
 
+/// UnresolvedType - This represents a type variable that cannot be resolved to
+/// a concrete type because the expression is ambiguous.  This is produced when
+/// parsing expressions and producing diagnostics.  Any instance of this should
+/// cause the entire expression to be ambiguously typed.
+class UnresolvedType : public TypeBase {
+  friend class ASTContext;
+  // The Unresolved type is always canonical.
+  UnresolvedType(ASTContext &C)
+    : TypeBase(TypeKind::Unresolved, &C,
+       RecursiveTypeProperties(RecursiveTypeProperties::HasUnresolvedType)) { }
+public:
+  static Type get(const ASTContext &C);
+  
+  // Implement isa/cast/dyncast/etc.
+  static bool classof(const TypeBase *T) {
+    return T->getKind() == TypeKind::Unresolved;
+  }
+};
+DEFINE_EMPTY_CAN_TYPE_WRAPPER(UnresolvedType, Type)
+
+  
 /// BuiltinType - An abstract class for all the builtin types.
 class BuiltinType : public TypeBase {
 protected:

lib/AST/ASTContext.cpp

@@ -383,6 +383,8 @@ ASTContext::ASTContext(LangOptions &langOpts, SearchPathOptions &SearchPathOpts,
     SwiftShimsModuleName(getIdentifier(SWIFT_SHIMS_NAME)),
     TypeCheckerDebug(new StderrTypeCheckerDebugConsumer()),
     TheErrorType(new (*this, AllocationArena::Permanent) ErrorType(*this)),
+    TheUnresolvedType(new (*this, AllocationArena::Permanent)
+                      UnresolvedType(*this)),
     TheEmptyTupleType(TupleType::get(ArrayRef<TupleTypeElt>(), *this)),
     TheNativeObjectType(new (*this, AllocationArena::Permanent)
                            BuiltinNativeObjectType(*this)),
@@ -405,7 +407,7 @@ ASTContext::ASTContext(LangOptions &langOpts, SearchPathOptions &SearchPathOpts,
     TheIEEE128Type(new (*this, AllocationArena::Permanent)
                     BuiltinFloatType(BuiltinFloatType::IEEE128, *this)),
     ThePPC128Type(new (*this, AllocationArena::Permanent)
-                    BuiltinFloatType(BuiltinFloatType::PPC128,*this)) {
+                    BuiltinFloatType(BuiltinFloatType::PPC128, *this)) {
 
   // Initialize all of the known identifiers.
 #define IDENTIFIER_WITH_NAME(Name, IdStr) Id_##Name = getIdentifier(IdStr);

lib/AST/ASTDumper.cpp

@@ -2343,6 +2343,7 @@ namespace {
     }
 
     TRIVIAL_TYPE_PRINTER(Error, error)
+    TRIVIAL_TYPE_PRINTER(Unresolved, unresolved)
 
     void visitBuiltinIntegerType(BuiltinIntegerType *T, StringRef label) {
       printCommon(T, label, "builtin_integer_type");

lib/AST/ASTPrinter.cpp

@@ -2305,6 +2305,13 @@ class TypePrinter : public TypeVisitor<TypePrinter> {
     Printer << "<<error type>>";
   }
 
+  void visitUnresolvedType(UnresolvedType *T) {
+    if (T->getASTContext().LangOpts.DebugConstraintSolver)
+      Printer << "<<unresolvedtype>>";
+    else
+      Printer << "_";
+  }
+
   void visitBuiltinRawPointerType(BuiltinRawPointerType *T) {
     Printer << "Builtin.RawPointer";
   }

lib/AST/Mangle.cpp

@@ -761,6 +761,7 @@ void Mangler::mangleType(Type type, ResilienceExpansion explosion,
     llvm_unreachable("Cannot mangle module type yet");
 
   case TypeKind::Error:
+  case TypeKind::Unresolved:
     Buffer << "ERR";
     return;
 

lib/AST/Module.cpp

@@ -830,6 +830,18 @@ LookupConformanceResult Module::lookupConformance(Type type,
     }
   }
 
+  // UnresolvedType is a placeholder for an unknown type used when generating
+  // diagnostics.  We consider it to conform to all protocols, since the
+  // intended type might have.
+  if (type->is<UnresolvedType>()) {
+    return {
+      ctx.getConformance(type, protocol, protocol->getLoc(), this,
+                         ProtocolConformanceState::Complete),
+      ConformanceKind::Conforms
+    };
+  }
+  
+  
   auto nominal = type->getAnyNominal();
 
   // If we don't have a nominal type, there are no conformances.

lib/AST/Type.cpp

@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ bool CanType::isReferenceTypeImpl(CanType type, bool functionsCount) {
   // Nothing else is statically just a class reference.
   case TypeKind::SILBlockStorage:
   case TypeKind::Error:
+  case TypeKind::Unresolved:
   case TypeKind::BuiltinInteger:
   case TypeKind::BuiltinFloat:
   case TypeKind::BuiltinRawPointer:
@@ -369,6 +370,7 @@ bool TypeBase::isUnspecializedGeneric() {
     return false;
 
   case TypeKind::Error:
+  case TypeKind::Unresolved:
   case TypeKind::TypeVariable:
     llvm_unreachable("querying invalid type");
 
@@ -1251,6 +1253,7 @@ CanType TypeBase::getCanonicalType() {
 #define TYPE(id, parent)
 #include "swift/AST/TypeNodes.def"
   case TypeKind::Error:
+  case TypeKind::Unresolved:
   case TypeKind::TypeVariable:
     llvm_unreachable("these types are always canonical");
 
@@ -2527,8 +2530,8 @@ static Type getMemberForBaseType(Module *module,
       // conformances we're supposed to skip this conformance's unsatisfied type
       // witnesses, and we have an unsatisfied type witness, return
       // "missing".
-      if (conformance.getPointer() &&
-          conformance.getPointer()->getRootNormalConformance()->getState()
+      assert(conformance.getPointer());
+      if (conformance.getPointer()->getRootNormalConformance()->getState()
             == ProtocolConformanceState::CheckingTypeWitnesses &&
           !conformance.getPointer()->hasTypeWitness(assocType, nullptr))
         return Type();
@@ -2777,6 +2780,7 @@ case TypeKind::Id:
 #define TYPE(Id, Parent)
 #include "swift/AST/TypeNodes.def"
   case TypeKind::Error:
+  case TypeKind::Unresolved:
   case TypeKind::TypeVariable:
   case TypeKind::AssociatedType:
   case TypeKind::GenericTypeParam:

lib/AST/TypeWalker.cpp

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ class Traversal : public TypeVisitor<Traversal, bool>
   TypeWalker &Walker;
 
   bool visitErrorType(ErrorType *ty) { return false; }
+  bool visitUnresolvedType(UnresolvedType *ty) { return false; }
   bool visitBuiltinType(BuiltinType *ty) { return false; }
   bool visitNameAliasType(NameAliasType *ty) { return false; }