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[LeetCode] 189. Rotate Array #189

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grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments
Open

[LeetCode] 189. Rotate Array #189

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments

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@grandyang
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grandyang commented May 30, 2019

 

Given an array, rotate the array to the right by  k  steps, where  k  is non-negative.

Example 1:

Input: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7] and _k_ = 3
Output: [5,6,7,1,2,3,4]
Explanation:
rotate 1 steps to the right: [7,1,2,3,4,5,6]
rotate 2 steps to the right: [6,7,1,2,3,4,5]
rotate 3 steps to the right: [5,6,7,1,2,3,4]

Example 2:

Input: [-1,-100,3,99] and _k_ = 2
Output: [3,99,-1,-100]
Explanation: 
rotate 1 steps to the right: [99,-1,-100,3]
rotate 2 steps to the right: [3,99,-1,-100]

Note:

  • Try to come up as many solutions as you can, there are at least 3 different ways to solve this problem.
  • Could you do it in-place with O(1) extra space?

Credits:
Special thanks to @Freezen for adding this problem and creating all test cases.

 

新题抢先刷,这道题标为 Easy,应该不是很难,我们先来看一种 O(n) 的空间复杂度的方法,我们复制一个和 nums 一样的数组,然后利用映射关系 i -> (i+k)%n 来交换数字。代码如下:

 

解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    void rotate(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
        vector<int> t = nums;
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); ++i) {
            nums[(i + k) % nums.size()] = t[i];
        }
    }
};

 

由于提示中要求我们空间复杂度为 O(1),所以我们不能用辅助数组,上面的思想还是可以使用的,但是写法就复杂的多,而且需要用到很多的辅助变量,我们还是要将 nums[idx] 上的数字移动到 nums[(idx+k) % n] 上去,为了防止数据覆盖丢失,我们需要用额外的变量来保存,这里用了 pre 和 cur,其中 cur 初始化为了数组的第一个数字,然后当然需要变量 idx 标明当前在交换的位置,还需要一个变量 start,这个是为了防止陷入死循环的,初始化为0,一旦当 idx 变到了 strat 的位置,则 start 自增1,再赋值给 idx,这样 idx 的位置也改变了,可以继续进行交换了。举个例子,假如 [1, 2, 3, 4], K=2 的话,那么 idx=0,下一次变为 idx = (idx+k) % n = 2,再下一次又变成了 idx = (idx+k) % n = 0,此时明显 1 和 3 的位置还没有处理过,所以当我们发现 idx 和 start 相等,则二者均自增1,那么此时 idx=1,下一次变为 idx = (idx+k) % n = 3,就可以交换完所有的数字了。

因为长度为n的数组只需要更新n次,所以我们用一个 for 循环来处理n次。首先 pre 更新为 cur,然后计算新的 idx 的位置,然后将 nums[idx] 上的值先存到 cur 上,然后把 pre 赋值给 nums[idx],这相当于把上一轮的 nums[idx] 赋给了新的一轮,完成了数字的交换,然后 if 语句判断是否会变到处理过的数字,参见上面一段的解释,我们用题目中的例子1来展示下面这种算法的 nums 的变化过程:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 1 5 6 7
1 2 3 1 5 6 4
1 2 7 1 5 6 4
1 2 7 1 5 3 4
1 6 7 1 5 3 4
1 6 7 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 1 2 3 4

 

解法二:

class Solution {
public:
    void rotate(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
        if (nums.empty() || (k %= nums.size()) == 0) return;
        int start = 0, idx = 0, pre = 0, cur = nums[0], n = nums.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            pre = cur;
            idx = (idx + k) % n;
            cur = nums[idx];
            nums[idx] = pre;
            if (idx == start) {
                idx = ++start;
                cur = nums[idx];
            }
        }
    }
};

 

根据热心网友 waruzhi 的留言,这道题其实还有种类似翻转字符的方法,思路是先把前 n-k 个数字翻转一下,再把后k个数字翻转一下,最后再把整个数组翻转一下:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4 3 2 1 5 6 7
4 3 2 1 7 6 5
5 6 7 1 2 3 4

 

解法三:

class Solution {
public:
    void rotate(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
        if (nums.empty() || (k %= nums.size()) == 0) return;
        int n = nums.size();
        reverse(nums.begin(), nums.begin() + n - k);
        reverse(nums.begin() + n - k, nums.end());
        reverse(nums.begin(), nums.end());
    }
};

 

由于旋转数组的操作也可以看做从数组的末尾取k个数组放入数组的开头,所以我们用 STL 的 push_back 和 erase 可以很容易的实现这些操作。

 

解法四:

class Solution {
public:
    void rotate(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
        if (nums.empty() || (k %= nums.size()) == 0) return;
        int n = nums.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n - k; ++i) {
            nums.push_back(nums[0]);
            nums.erase(nums.begin());
        }
    }
};

 

下面这种方法其实还蛮独特的,通过不停的交换某两个数字的位置来实现旋转,根据网上这个帖子的思路改写而来,数组改变过程如下:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5 2 3 4 1 6 7
5 6 3 4 1 2 7
5 6 7 4 1 2 3
5 6 7 1 4 2 3
5 6 7 1 2 4 3
5 6 7 1 2 3 4

 

解法五:

class Solution {
public:
    void rotate(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
        if (nums.empty()) return;
        int n = nums.size(), start = 0;   
        while (n && (k %= n)) {
            for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
                swap(nums[i + start], nums[n - k + i + start]);
            }
            n -= k;
            start += k;
        }
    }
};

 

Github 同步地址:

#189

 

类似题目:

Rotate List

Reverse Words in a String II 

 

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/rotate-array/

https://leetcode.com/problems/rotate-array/discuss/54250/Easy-to-read-Java-solution

https://leetcode.com/problems/rotate-array/discuss/54277/Summary-of-C%2B%2B-solutions

https://leetcode.com/problems/rotate-array/discuss/54438/My-c%2B%2B-solution-o(n)time-andand-o(1)space

 

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

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