CallGraph.cpp

//===- CallGraph.cpp - Build a Module's call graph ------------------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "llvm/Analysis/CallGraph.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/Config/llvm-config.h"
#include "llvm/IR/AbstractCallSite.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Function.h"
#include "llvm/IR/IntrinsicInst.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Intrinsics.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
#include "llvm/IR/PassManager.h"
#include "llvm/InitializePasses.h"
#include "llvm/Pass.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>

using namespace llvm;

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Implementations of the CallGraph class methods.
//

CallGraph::CallGraph(Module &M)
    : M(M), ExternalCallingNode(getOrInsertFunction(nullptr)),
      CallsExternalNode(std::make_unique<CallGraphNode>(this, nullptr)) {
  // Add every interesting function to the call graph.
  for (Function &F : M)
    if (!isDbgInfoIntrinsic(F.getIntrinsicID()))
      addToCallGraph(&F);
}

CallGraph::CallGraph(CallGraph &&Arg)
    : M(Arg.M), FunctionMap(std::move(Arg.FunctionMap)),
      ExternalCallingNode(Arg.ExternalCallingNode),
      CallsExternalNode(std::move(Arg.CallsExternalNode)) {
  Arg.FunctionMap.clear();
  Arg.ExternalCallingNode = nullptr;

  // Update parent CG for all call graph's nodes.
  CallsExternalNode->CG = this;
  for (auto &P : FunctionMap)
    P.second->CG = this;
}

CallGraph::~CallGraph() {
  // CallsExternalNode is not in the function map, delete it explicitly.
  if (CallsExternalNode)
    CallsExternalNode->allReferencesDropped();

// Reset all node's use counts to zero before deleting them to prevent an
// assertion from firing.
#ifndef NDEBUG
  for (auto &I : FunctionMap)
    I.second->allReferencesDropped();
#endif
}

bool CallGraph::invalidate(Module &, const PreservedAnalyses &PA,
                           ModuleAnalysisManager::Invalidator &) {
  // Check whether the analysis, all analyses on functions, or the function's
  // CFG have been preserved.
  auto PAC = PA.getChecker<CallGraphAnalysis>();
  return !(PAC.preserved() || PAC.preservedSet<AllAnalysesOn<Module>>() ||
           PAC.preservedSet<CFGAnalyses>());
}

void CallGraph::addToCallGraph(Function *F) {
  CallGraphNode *Node = getOrInsertFunction(F);

  // If this function has external linkage or has its address taken and
  // it is not a callback, then anything could call it.
  if (!F->hasLocalLinkage() ||
      F->hasAddressTaken(nullptr, /*IgnoreCallbackUses=*/true,
                         /* IgnoreAssumeLikeCalls */ true,
                         /* IgnoreLLVMUsed */ false))
    ExternalCallingNode->addCalledFunction(nullptr, Node);

  populateCallGraphNode(Node);
}

void CallGraph::populateCallGraphNode(CallGraphNode *Node) {
  Function *F = Node->getFunction();

  // If this function is not defined in this translation unit, it could call
  // anything.
  if (F->isDeclaration() && !F->isIntrinsic())
    Node->addCalledFunction(nullptr, CallsExternalNode.get());

  // Look for calls by this function.
  for (BasicBlock &BB : *F)
    for (Instruction &I : BB) {
      if (auto *Call = dyn_cast<CallBase>(&I)) {
        const Function *Callee = Call->getCalledFunction();
        if (!Callee || !Intrinsic::isLeaf(Callee->getIntrinsicID()))
          // Indirect calls of intrinsics are not allowed so no need to check.
          // We can be more precise here by using TargetArg returned by
          // Intrinsic::isLeaf.
          Node->addCalledFunction(Call, CallsExternalNode.get());
        else if (!Callee->isIntrinsic())
          Node->addCalledFunction(Call, getOrInsertFunction(Callee));

        // Add reference to callback functions.
        forEachCallbackFunction(*Call, [=](Function *CB) {
          Node->addCalledFunction(nullptr, getOrInsertFunction(CB));
        });
      }
    }
}

void CallGraph::print(raw_ostream &OS) const {
  // Print in a deterministic order by sorting CallGraphNodes by name.  We do
  // this here to avoid slowing down the non-printing fast path.

  SmallVector<CallGraphNode *, 16> Nodes;
  Nodes.reserve(FunctionMap.size());

  for (const auto &I : *this)
    Nodes.push_back(I.second.get());

  llvm::sort(Nodes, [](CallGraphNode *LHS, CallGraphNode *RHS) {
    if (Function *LF = LHS->getFunction())
      if (Function *RF = RHS->getFunction())
        return LF->getName() < RF->getName();

    return RHS->getFunction() != nullptr;
  });

  for (CallGraphNode *CN : Nodes)
    CN->print(OS);
}

#if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(LLVM_ENABLE_DUMP)
LLVM_DUMP_METHOD void CallGraph::dump() const { print(dbgs()); }
#endif

void CallGraph::ReplaceExternalCallEdge(CallGraphNode *Old,
                                        CallGraphNode *New) {
  for (auto &CR : ExternalCallingNode->CalledFunctions)
    if (CR.second == Old) {
      CR.second->DropRef();
      CR.second = New;
      CR.second->AddRef();
    }
}

// removeFunctionFromModule - Unlink the function from this module, returning
// it.  Because this removes the function from the module, the call graph node
// is destroyed.  This is only valid if the function does not call any other
// functions (ie, there are no edges in it's CGN).  The easiest way to do this
// is to dropAllReferences before calling this.
//
Function *CallGraph::removeFunctionFromModule(CallGraphNode *CGN) {
  assert(CGN->empty() && "Cannot remove function from call "
         "graph if it references other functions!");
  Function *F = CGN->getFunction(); // Get the function for the call graph node
  FunctionMap.erase(F);             // Remove the call graph node from the map

  M.getFunctionList().remove(F);
  return F;
}

// getOrInsertFunction - This method is identical to calling operator[], but
// it will insert a new CallGraphNode for the specified function if one does
// not already exist.
CallGraphNode *CallGraph::getOrInsertFunction(const Function *F) {
  auto &CGN = FunctionMap[F];
  if (CGN)
    return CGN.get();

  assert((!F || F->getParent() == &M) && "Function not in current module!");
  CGN = std::make_unique<CallGraphNode>(this, const_cast<Function *>(F));
  return CGN.get();
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Implementations of the CallGraphNode class methods.
//

void CallGraphNode::print(raw_ostream &OS) const {
  if (Function *F = getFunction())
    OS << "Call graph node for function: '" << F->getName() << "'";
  else
    OS << "Call graph node <<null function>>";

  OS << "<<" << this << ">>  #uses=" << getNumReferences() << '\n';

  for (const auto &I : *this) {
    OS << "  CS<" << I.first << "> calls ";
    if (Function *FI = I.second->getFunction())
      OS << "function '" << FI->getName() <<"'\n";
    else
      OS << "external node\n";
  }
  OS << '\n';
}

#if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(LLVM_ENABLE_DUMP)
LLVM_DUMP_METHOD void CallGraphNode::dump() const { print(dbgs()); }
#endif

/// removeCallEdgeFor - This method removes the edge in the node for the
/// specified call site.  Note that this method takes linear time, so it
/// should be used sparingly.
void CallGraphNode::removeCallEdgeFor(CallBase &Call) {
  for (CalledFunctionsVector::iterator I = CalledFunctions.begin(); ; ++I) {
    assert(I != CalledFunctions.end() && "Cannot find callsite to remove!");
    if (I->first && *I->first == &Call) {
      I->second->DropRef();
      *I = CalledFunctions.back();
      CalledFunctions.pop_back();

      // Remove all references to callback functions if there are any.
      forEachCallbackFunction(Call, [=](Function *CB) {
        removeOneAbstractEdgeTo(CG->getOrInsertFunction(CB));
      });
      return;
    }
  }
}

// removeAnyCallEdgeTo - This method removes any call edges from this node to
// the specified callee function.  This takes more time to execute than
// removeCallEdgeTo, so it should not be used unless necessary.
void CallGraphNode::removeAnyCallEdgeTo(CallGraphNode *Callee) {
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = CalledFunctions.size(); i != e; ++i)
    if (CalledFunctions[i].second == Callee) {
      Callee->DropRef();
      CalledFunctions[i] = CalledFunctions.back();
      CalledFunctions.pop_back();
      --i; --e;
    }
}

/// removeOneAbstractEdgeTo - Remove one edge associated with a null callsite
/// from this node to the specified callee function.
void CallGraphNode::removeOneAbstractEdgeTo(CallGraphNode *Callee) {
  for (CalledFunctionsVector::iterator I = CalledFunctions.begin(); ; ++I) {
    assert(I != CalledFunctions.end() && "Cannot find callee to remove!");
    CallRecord &CR = *I;
    if (CR.second == Callee && !CR.first) {
      Callee->DropRef();
      *I = CalledFunctions.back();
      CalledFunctions.pop_back();
      return;
    }
  }
}

/// replaceCallEdge - This method replaces the edge in the node for the
/// specified call site with a new one.  Note that this method takes linear
/// time, so it should be used sparingly.
void CallGraphNode::replaceCallEdge(CallBase &Call, CallBase &NewCall,
                                    CallGraphNode *NewNode) {
  for (CalledFunctionsVector::iterator I = CalledFunctions.begin(); ; ++I) {
    assert(I != CalledFunctions.end() && "Cannot find callsite to remove!");
    if (I->first && *I->first == &Call) {
      I->second->DropRef();
      I->first = &NewCall;
      I->second = NewNode;
      NewNode->AddRef();

      // Refresh callback references. Do not resize CalledFunctions if the
      // number of callbacks is the same for new and old call sites.
      SmallVector<CallGraphNode *, 4u> OldCBs;
      SmallVector<CallGraphNode *, 4u> NewCBs;
      forEachCallbackFunction(Call, [this, &OldCBs](Function *CB) {
        OldCBs.push_back(CG->getOrInsertFunction(CB));
      });
      forEachCallbackFunction(NewCall, [this, &NewCBs](Function *CB) {
        NewCBs.push_back(CG->getOrInsertFunction(CB));
      });
      if (OldCBs.size() == NewCBs.size()) {
        for (unsigned N = 0; N < OldCBs.size(); ++N) {
          CallGraphNode *OldNode = OldCBs[N];
          CallGraphNode *NewNode = NewCBs[N];
          for (auto J = CalledFunctions.begin();; ++J) {
            assert(J != CalledFunctions.end() &&
                   "Cannot find callsite to update!");
            if (!J->first && J->second == OldNode) {
              J->second = NewNode;
              OldNode->DropRef();
              NewNode->AddRef();
              break;
            }
          }
        }
      } else {
        for (auto *CGN : OldCBs)
          removeOneAbstractEdgeTo(CGN);
        for (auto *CGN : NewCBs)
          addCalledFunction(nullptr, CGN);
      }
      return;
    }
  }
}

// Provide an explicit template instantiation for the static ID.
AnalysisKey CallGraphAnalysis::Key;

PreservedAnalyses CallGraphPrinterPass::run(Module &M,
                                            ModuleAnalysisManager &AM) {
  AM.getResult<CallGraphAnalysis>(M).print(OS);
  return PreservedAnalyses::all();
}

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Out-of-line definitions of CallGraphAnalysis class members.
//

//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Implementations of the CallGraphWrapperPass class methods.
//

CallGraphWrapperPass::CallGraphWrapperPass() : ModulePass(ID) {
  initializeCallGraphWrapperPassPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
}

CallGraphWrapperPass::~CallGraphWrapperPass() = default;

void CallGraphWrapperPass::getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
  AU.setPreservesAll();
}

bool CallGraphWrapperPass::runOnModule(Module &M) {
  // All the real work is done in the constructor for the CallGraph.
  G.reset(new CallGraph(M));
  return false;
}

INITIALIZE_PASS(CallGraphWrapperPass, "basiccg", "CallGraph Construction",
                false, true)

char CallGraphWrapperPass::ID = 0;

void CallGraphWrapperPass::releaseMemory() { G.reset(); }

void CallGraphWrapperPass::print(raw_ostream &OS, const Module *) const {
  if (!G) {
    OS << "No call graph has been built!\n";
    return;
  }

  // Just delegate.
  G->print(OS);
}

#if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(LLVM_ENABLE_DUMP)
LLVM_DUMP_METHOD
void CallGraphWrapperPass::dump() const { print(dbgs(), nullptr); }
#endif

namespace {

struct CallGraphPrinterLegacyPass : public ModulePass {
  static char ID; // Pass ID, replacement for typeid

  CallGraphPrinterLegacyPass() : ModulePass(ID) {
    initializeCallGraphPrinterLegacyPassPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
  }

  void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
    AU.setPreservesAll();
    AU.addRequiredTransitive<CallGraphWrapperPass>();
  }

  bool runOnModule(Module &M) override {
    getAnalysis<CallGraphWrapperPass>().print(errs(), &M);
    return false;
  }
};

} // end anonymous namespace

char CallGraphPrinterLegacyPass::ID = 0;

INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(CallGraphPrinterLegacyPass, "print-callgraph",
                      "Print a call graph", true, true)
INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(CallGraphWrapperPass)
INITIALIZE_PASS_END(CallGraphPrinterLegacyPass, "print-callgraph",
                    "Print a call graph", true, true)