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214. 最短回文串

English Version

题目描述

给定一个字符串 s，你可以通过在字符串前面添加字符将其转换为回文串。找到并返回可以用这种方式转换的最短回文串。

 

示例 1：

输入：s = "aacecaaa"
输出："aaacecaaa"

示例 2：

输入：s = "abcd"
输出："dcbabcd"

 

提示：

• 0 <= s.length <= 5 * 104
• s 仅由小写英文字母组成

解法

方法一：字符串哈希

问题等价于找到字符串 s 的最长回文前缀。

记 s 的长度为 n，其最长回文前缀的长度为 m，将 s 的后 n-m 个字符反序并添加到 s 的前面即可构成最短回文串。

Python3

class Solution:
    def shortestPalindrome(self, s: str) -> str:
        base = 131
        mod = 10**9 + 7
        n = len(s)
        prefix = suffix = 0
        mul = 1
        idx = 0
        for i, c in enumerate(s):
            prefix = (prefix * base + (ord(c) - ord('a') + 1)) % mod
            suffix = (suffix + (ord(c) - ord('a') + 1) * mul) % mod
            mul = (mul * base) % mod
            if prefix == suffix:
                idx = i + 1
        return s if idx == n else s[idx:][::-1] + s

Java

class Solution {
    public String shortestPalindrome(String s) {
        int base = 131;
        int mul = 1;
        int mod = (int) 1e9 + 7;
        int prefix = 0, suffix = 0;
        int idx = 0;
        int n = s.length();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int t = s.charAt(i) - 'a' + 1;
            prefix = (int) (((long) prefix * base + t) % mod);
            suffix = (int) ((suffix + (long) t * mul) % mod);
            mul = (int) (((long) mul * base) % mod);
            if (prefix == suffix) {
                idx = i + 1;
            }
        }
        if (idx == n) {
            return s;
        }
        return new StringBuilder(s.substring(idx)).reverse().toString() + s;
    }
}

C++

typedef unsigned long long ull;

class Solution {
public:
    string shortestPalindrome(string s) {
        int base = 131;
        ull mul = 1;
        ull prefix = 0;
        ull suffix = 0;
        int idx = 0, n = s.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        {
            int t = s[i] - 'a' + 1;
            prefix = prefix * base + t;
            suffix = suffix + mul * t;
            mul *= base;
            if (prefix == suffix) idx = i + 1;
        }
        if (idx == n) return s;
        string x = s.substr(idx, n - idx);
        reverse(x.begin(), x.end());
        return x + s;
    }
};

Go

func shortestPalindrome(s string) string {
	n := len(s)
	base, mod := 131, int(1e9)+7
	prefix, suffix, mul := 0, 0, 1
	idx := 0
	for i, c := range s {
		t := int(c-'a') + 1
		prefix = (prefix*base + t) % mod
		suffix = (suffix + t*mul) % mod
		mul = (mul * base) % mod
		if prefix == suffix {
			idx = i + 1
		}
	}
	if idx == n {
		return s
	}
	x := []byte(s[idx:])
	for i, j := 0, len(x)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
		x[i], x[j] = x[j], x[i]
	}
	return string(x) + s
}

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