library.js

//"use strict";

// An implementation of a libc for the web. Basically, implementations of
// the various standard C libraries, that can be called from compiled code,
// and work using the actual JavaScript environment.
//
// We search the Library object when there is an external function. If the
// entry in the Library is a function, we insert it. If it is a string, we
// do another lookup in the library (a simple way to write a function once,
// if it can be called by different names). We also allow dependencies,
// using __deps. Initialization code to be run after allocating all
// global constants can be defined by __postset.
//
// Note that the full function name will be '_' + the name in the Library
// object. For convenience, the short name appears here. Note that if you add a
// new function with an '_', it will not be found.

// Memory allocated during startup, in postsets, should only be ALLOC_STATIC

LibraryManager.library = {
  // ==========================================================================
  // File system base.
  // ==========================================================================

  // keep this low in memory, because we flatten arrays with them in them
  stdin: 'allocate(1, "i32*", ALLOC_STATIC)',
  stdout: 'allocate(1, "i32*", ALLOC_STATIC)',
  stderr: 'allocate(1, "i32*", ALLOC_STATIC)',
  _impure_ptr: 'allocate(1, "i32*", ALLOC_STATIC)',

  $FS__deps: ['$ERRNO_CODES', '__setErrNo', 'stdin', 'stdout', 'stderr', '_impure_ptr'],
  $FS__postset: '__ATINIT__.unshift({ func: function() { if (!Module["noFSInit"] && !FS.init.initialized) FS.init() } });' +
                '__ATMAIN__.push({ func: function() { FS.ignorePermissions = false } });' +
                '__ATEXIT__.push({ func: function() { FS.quit() } });' +
                // export some names through closure
                'Module["FS_createFolder"] = FS.createFolder;' +
                'Module["FS_createPath"] = FS.createPath;' +
                'Module["FS_createDataFile"] = FS.createDataFile;' +
                'Module["FS_createPreloadedFile"] = FS.createPreloadedFile;' +
                'Module["FS_createLazyFile"] = FS.createLazyFile;' +
                'Module["FS_createLink"] = FS.createLink;' +
                'Module["FS_createDevice"] = FS.createDevice;',
  $FS: {
    // The path to the current folder.
    currentPath: '/',
    // The inode to assign to the next created object.
    nextInode: 2,
    // Currently opened file or directory streams. Padded with null so the zero
    // index is unused, as the indices are used as pointers. This is not split
    // into separate fileStreams and folderStreams lists because the pointers
    // must be interchangeable, e.g. when used in fdopen().
    // streams is kept as a dense array. It may contain |null| to fill in
    // holes, however.
    streams: [null],
#if ASSERTIONS
    checkStreams: function() {
      for (var i in FS.streams) if (FS.streams.hasOwnProperty(i)) assert(i >= 0 && i < FS.streams.length); // no keys not in dense span
      for (var i = 0; i < FS.streams.length; i++) assert(typeof FS.streams[i] == 'object'); // no non-null holes in dense span
    },
#endif
    // Whether we are currently ignoring permissions. Useful when preparing the
    // filesystem and creating files inside read-only folders.
    // This is set to false when the runtime is initialized, allowing you
    // to modify the filesystem freely before run() is called.
    ignorePermissions: true,
    createFileHandle: function(stream, fd) {
      if (typeof stream === 'undefined') {
        stream = null;
      }
      if (!fd) {
        if (stream && stream.socket) {
          for (var i = 1; i < 64; i++) {
            if (!FS.streams[i]) {
              fd = i;
              break;
            }
          }
          assert(fd, 'ran out of low fds for sockets');
        } else {
          fd = Math.max(FS.streams.length, 64);
          for (var i = FS.streams.length; i < fd; i++) {
            FS.streams[i] = null; // Keep dense
          }
        }
      }
      // Close WebSocket first if we are about to replace the fd (i.e. dup2)
      if (FS.streams[fd] && FS.streams[fd].socket && FS.streams[fd].socket.close) {
        FS.streams[fd].socket.close();
      }
      FS.streams[fd] = stream;
      return fd;
    },
    removeFileHandle: function(fd) {
      FS.streams[fd] = null;
    },
    joinPath: function(parts, forceRelative) {
      var ret = parts[0];
      for (var i = 1; i < parts.length; i++) {
        if (ret[ret.length-1] != '/') ret += '/';
        ret += parts[i];
      }
      if (forceRelative && ret[0] == '/') ret = ret.substr(1);
      return ret;
    },
    // Converts any path to an absolute path. Resolves embedded "." and ".."
    // parts.
    absolutePath: function(relative, base) {
      if (typeof relative !== 'string') return null;
      if (base === undefined) base = FS.currentPath;
      if (relative && relative[0] == '/') base = '';
      var full = base + '/' + relative;
      var parts = full.split('/').reverse();
      var absolute = [''];
      while (parts.length) {
        var part = parts.pop();
        if (part == '' || part == '.') {
          // Nothing.
        } else if (part == '..') {
          if (absolute.length > 1) absolute.pop();
        } else {
          absolute.push(part);
        }
      }
      return absolute.length == 1 ? '/' : absolute.join('/');
    },
    // Analyzes a relative or absolute path returning a description, containing:
    //   isRoot: Whether the path points to the root.
    //   exists: Whether the object at the path exists.
    //   error: If !exists, this will contain the errno code of the cause.
    //   name: The base name of the object (null if !parentExists).
    //   path: The absolute path to the object, with all links resolved.
    //   object: The filesystem record of the object referenced by the path.
    //   parentExists: Whether the parent of the object exist and is a folder.
    //   parentPath: The absolute path to the parent folder.
    //   parentObject: The filesystem record of the parent folder.
    analyzePath: function(path, dontResolveLastLink, linksVisited) {
      var ret = {
        isRoot: false,
        exists: false,
        error: 0,
        name: null,
        path: null,
        object: null,
        parentExists: false,
        parentPath: null,
        parentObject: null
      };
#if FS_LOG
      var inputPath = path;
      function log() {
        Module['print']('FS.analyzePath("' + inputPath + '", ' +
                                             dontResolveLastLink + ', ' +
                                             linksVisited + ') => {' +
                        'isRoot: ' + ret.isRoot + ', ' +
                        'exists: ' + ret.exists + ', ' +
                        'error: ' + ret.error + ', ' +
                        'name: "' + ret.name + '", ' +
                        'path: "' + ret.path + '", ' +
                        'object: ' + ret.object + ', ' +
                        'parentExists: ' + ret.parentExists + ', ' +
                        'parentPath: "' + ret.parentPath + '", ' +
                        'parentObject: ' + ret.parentObject + '}');
      }
#endif
      path = FS.absolutePath(path);
      if (path == '/') {
        ret.isRoot = true;
        ret.exists = ret.parentExists = true;
        ret.name = '/';
        ret.path = ret.parentPath = '/';
        ret.object = ret.parentObject = FS.root;
      } else if (path !== null) {
        linksVisited = linksVisited || 0;
        path = path.slice(1).split('/');
        var current = FS.root;
        var traversed = [''];
        while (path.length) {
          if (path.length == 1 && current.isFolder) {
            ret.parentExists = true;
            ret.parentPath = traversed.length == 1 ? '/' : traversed.join('/');
            ret.parentObject = current;
            ret.name = path[0];
          }
          var target = path.shift();
          if (!current.isFolder) {
            ret.error = ERRNO_CODES.ENOTDIR;
            break;
          } else if (!current.read) {
            ret.error = ERRNO_CODES.EACCES;
            break;
          } else if (!current.contents.hasOwnProperty(target)) {
            ret.error = ERRNO_CODES.ENOENT;
            break;
          }
          current = current.contents[target];
          if (current.link && !(dontResolveLastLink && path.length == 0)) {
            if (linksVisited > 40) { // Usual Linux SYMLOOP_MAX.
              ret.error = ERRNO_CODES.ELOOP;
              break;
            }
            var link = FS.absolutePath(current.link, traversed.join('/'));
            ret = FS.analyzePath([link].concat(path).join('/'),
                                 dontResolveLastLink, linksVisited + 1);
#if FS_LOG
            log();
#endif
            return ret;
          }
          traversed.push(target);
          if (path.length == 0) {
            ret.exists = true;
            ret.path = traversed.join('/');
            ret.object = current;
          }
        }
      }
#if FS_LOG
      log();
#endif
      return ret;
    },
    // Finds the file system object at a given path. If dontResolveLastLink is
    // set to true and the object is a symbolic link, it will be returned as is
    // instead of being resolved. Links embedded in the path are still resolved.
    findObject: function(path, dontResolveLastLink) {
      FS.ensureRoot();
      var ret = FS.analyzePath(path, dontResolveLastLink);
      if (ret.exists) {
        return ret.object;
      } else {
        ___setErrNo(ret.error);
        return null;
      }
    },
    // Creates a file system record: file, link, device or folder.
    createObject: function(parent, name, properties, canRead, canWrite) {
#if FS_LOG
      Module['print']('FS.createObject("' + parent + '", ' +
                                      '"' + name + '", ' +
                                          JSON.stringify(properties) + ', ' +
                                          canRead + ', ' +
                                          canWrite + ')');
#endif
      if (!parent) parent = '/';
      if (typeof parent === 'string') parent = FS.findObject(parent);

      if (!parent) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
        throw new Error('Parent path must exist.');
      }
      if (!parent.isFolder) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENOTDIR);
        throw new Error('Parent must be a folder.');
      }
      if (!parent.write && !FS.ignorePermissions) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
        throw new Error('Parent folder must be writeable.');
      }
      if (!name || name == '.' || name == '..') {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENOENT);
        throw new Error('Name must not be empty.');
      }
      if (parent.contents.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EEXIST);
        throw new Error("Can't overwrite object.");
      }

      parent.contents[name] = {
        read: canRead === undefined ? true : canRead,
        write: canWrite === undefined ? false : canWrite,
        timestamp: Date.now(),
        inodeNumber: FS.nextInode++
      };
      for (var key in properties) {
        if (properties.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
          parent.contents[name][key] = properties[key];
        }
      }

      return parent.contents[name];
    },
    // Creates a folder.
    createFolder: function(parent, name, canRead, canWrite) {
      var properties = {isFolder: true, isDevice: false, contents: {}};
      return FS.createObject(parent, name, properties, canRead, canWrite);
    },
    // Creates a folder and all its missing parents.
    createPath: function(parent, path, canRead, canWrite) {
      var current = FS.findObject(parent);
      if (current === null) throw new Error('Invalid parent.');
      path = path.split('/').reverse();
      while (path.length) {
        var part = path.pop();
        if (!part) continue;
        if (!current.contents.hasOwnProperty(part)) {
          FS.createFolder(current, part, canRead, canWrite);
        }
        current = current.contents[part];
      }
      return current;
    },

    // Creates a file record, given specific properties.
    createFile: function(parent, name, properties, canRead, canWrite) {
      properties.isFolder = false;
      return FS.createObject(parent, name, properties, canRead, canWrite);
    },
    // Creates a file record from existing data.
    createDataFile: function(parent, name, data, canRead, canWrite) {
      if (typeof data === 'string') {
        var dataArray = new Array(data.length);
        for (var i = 0, len = data.length; i < len; ++i) dataArray[i] = data.charCodeAt(i);
        data = dataArray;
      }
      var properties = {
        isDevice: false,
        contents: data.subarray ? data.subarray(0) : data // as an optimization, create a new array wrapper (not buffer) here, to help JS engines understand this object
      };
      return FS.createFile(parent, name, properties, canRead, canWrite);
    },
    // Creates a file record for lazy-loading from a URL. XXX This requires a synchronous
    // XHR, which is not possible in browsers except in a web worker! Use preloading,
    // either --preload-file in emcc or FS.createPreloadedFile
    createLazyFile: function(parent, name, url, canRead, canWrite) {

      if (typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined') {
        if (!ENVIRONMENT_IS_WORKER) throw 'Cannot do synchronous binary XHRs outside webworkers in modern browsers. Use --embed-file or --preload-file in emcc';
        // Lazy chunked Uint8Array (implements get and length from Uint8Array). Actual getting is abstracted away for eventual reuse.
        var LazyUint8Array = function() {
          this.lengthKnown = false;
          this.chunks = []; // Loaded chunks. Index is the chunk number
        }
        LazyUint8Array.prototype.get = function(idx) {
          if (idx > this.length-1 || idx < 0) {
            return undefined;
          }
          var chunkOffset = idx % this.chunkSize;
          var chunkNum = Math.floor(idx / this.chunkSize);
          return this.getter(chunkNum)[chunkOffset];
        }
        LazyUint8Array.prototype.setDataGetter = function(getter) {
          this.getter = getter;
        }

        LazyUint8Array.prototype.cacheLength = function() {
            // Find length
            var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
            xhr.open('HEAD', url, false);
            xhr.send(null);
            if (!(xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300 || xhr.status === 304)) throw new Error("Couldn't load " + url + ". Status: " + xhr.status);
            var datalength = Number(xhr.getResponseHeader("Content-length"));
            var header;
            var hasByteServing = (header = xhr.getResponseHeader("Accept-Ranges")) && header === "bytes";
#if SMALL_XHR_CHUNKS
            var chunkSize = 1024; // Chunk size in bytes
#else
            var chunkSize = 1024*1024; // Chunk size in bytes
#endif

            if (!hasByteServing) chunkSize = datalength;

            // Function to get a range from the remote URL.
            var doXHR = (function(from, to) {
              if (from > to) throw new Error("invalid range (" + from + ", " + to + ") or no bytes requested!");
              if (to > datalength-1) throw new Error("only " + datalength + " bytes available! programmer error!");

              // TODO: Use mozResponseArrayBuffer, responseStream, etc. if available.
              var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
              xhr.open('GET', url, false);
              if (datalength !== chunkSize) xhr.setRequestHeader("Range", "bytes=" + from + "-" + to);

              // Some hints to the browser that we want binary data.
              if (typeof Uint8Array != 'undefined') xhr.responseType = 'arraybuffer';
              if (xhr.overrideMimeType) {
                xhr.overrideMimeType('text/plain; charset=x-user-defined');
              }

              xhr.send(null);
              if (!(xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300 || xhr.status === 304)) throw new Error("Couldn't load " + url + ". Status: " + xhr.status);
              if (xhr.response !== undefined) {
                return new Uint8Array(xhr.response || []);
              } else {
                return intArrayFromString(xhr.responseText || '', true);
              }
            });
            var lazyArray = this;
            lazyArray.setDataGetter(function(chunkNum) {
              var start = chunkNum * chunkSize;
              var end = (chunkNum+1) * chunkSize - 1; // including this byte
              end = Math.min(end, datalength-1); // if datalength-1 is selected, this is the last block
              if (typeof(lazyArray.chunks[chunkNum]) === "undefined") {
                lazyArray.chunks[chunkNum] = doXHR(start, end);
              }
              if (typeof(lazyArray.chunks[chunkNum]) === "undefined") throw new Error("doXHR failed!");
              return lazyArray.chunks[chunkNum];
            });

            this._length = datalength;
            this._chunkSize = chunkSize;
            this.lengthKnown = true;
        }

        var lazyArray = new LazyUint8Array();
        Object.defineProperty(lazyArray, "length", {
            get: function() {
                if(!this.lengthKnown) {
                    this.cacheLength();
                }
                return this._length;
            }
        });
        Object.defineProperty(lazyArray, "chunkSize", {
            get: function() {
                if(!this.lengthKnown) {
                    this.cacheLength();
                }
                return this._chunkSize;
            }
        });

        var properties = { isDevice: false, contents: lazyArray };
      } else {
        var properties = { isDevice: false, url: url };
      }

      return FS.createFile(parent, name, properties, canRead, canWrite);
    },
    // Preloads a file asynchronously. You can call this before run, for example in
    // preRun. run will be delayed until this file arrives and is set up.
    // If you call it after run(), you may want to pause the main loop until it
    // completes, if so, you can use the onload parameter to be notified when
    // that happens.
    // In addition to normally creating the file, we also asynchronously preload
    // the browser-friendly versions of it: For an image, we preload an Image
    // element and for an audio, and Audio. These are necessary for SDL_Image
    // and _Mixer to find the files in preloadedImages/Audios.
    // You can also call this with a typed array instead of a url. It will then
    // do preloading for the Image/Audio part, as if the typed array were the
    // result of an XHR that you did manually.
    createPreloadedFile: function(parent, name, url, canRead, canWrite, onload, onerror, dontCreateFile) {
      Browser.init();
      var fullname = FS.joinPath([parent, name], true);
      function processData(byteArray) {
        function finish(byteArray) {
          if (!dontCreateFile) {
            FS.createDataFile(parent, name, byteArray, canRead, canWrite);
          }
          if (onload) onload();
          removeRunDependency('cp ' + fullname);
        }
        var handled = false;
        Module['preloadPlugins'].forEach(function(plugin) {
          if (handled) return;
          if (plugin['canHandle'](fullname)) {
            plugin['handle'](byteArray, fullname, finish, function() {
              if (onerror) onerror();
              removeRunDependency('cp ' + fullname);
            });
            handled = true;
          }
        });
        if (!handled) finish(byteArray);
      }
      addRunDependency('cp ' + fullname);
      if (typeof url == 'string') {
        Browser.asyncLoad(url, function(byteArray) {
          processData(byteArray);
        }, onerror);
      } else {
        processData(url);
      }
    },
    // Creates a link to a specific local path.
    createLink: function(parent, name, target, canRead, canWrite) {
      var properties = {isDevice: false, link: target};
      return FS.createFile(parent, name, properties, canRead, canWrite);
    },
    // Creates a character device with input and output callbacks:
    //   input: Takes no parameters, returns a byte value or null if no data is
    //          currently available.
    //   output: Takes a byte value; doesn't return anything. Can also be passed
    //           null to perform a flush of any cached data.
    createDevice: function(parent, name, input, output) {
      if (!(input || output)) {
        throw new Error('A device must have at least one callback defined.');
      }
      var ops = {isDevice: true, input: input, output: output};
      return FS.createFile(parent, name, ops, Boolean(input), Boolean(output));
    },
    // Makes sure a file's contents are loaded. Returns whether the file has
    // been loaded successfully. No-op for files that have been loaded already.
    forceLoadFile: function(obj) {
      if (obj.isDevice || obj.isFolder || obj.link || obj.contents) return true;
      var success = true;
      if (typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined') {
        throw new Error("Lazy loading should have been performed (contents set) in createLazyFile, but it was not. Lazy loading only works in web workers. Use --embed-file or --preload-file in emcc on the main thread.");
      } else if (Module['read']) {
        // Command-line.
        try {
          // WARNING: Can't read binary files in V8's d8 or tracemonkey's js, as
          //          read() will try to parse UTF8.
          obj.contents = intArrayFromString(Module['read'](obj.url), true);
        } catch (e) {
          success = false;
        }
      } else {
        throw new Error('Cannot load without read() or XMLHttpRequest.');
      }
      if (!success) ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EIO);
      return success;
    },
    ensureRoot: function() {
      if (FS.root) return;
      // The main file system tree. All the contents are inside this.
      FS.root = {
        read: true,
        write: true,
        isFolder: true,
        isDevice: false,
        timestamp: Date.now(),
        inodeNumber: 1,
        contents: {}
      };
    },
    // Initializes the filesystems with stdin/stdout/stderr devices, given
    // optional handlers.
    init: function(input, output, error) {
      // Make sure we initialize only once.
      assert(!FS.init.initialized, 'FS.init was previously called. If you want to initialize later with custom parameters, remove any earlier calls (note that one is automatically added to the generated code)');
      FS.init.initialized = true;

      FS.ensureRoot();

      // Allow Module.stdin etc. to provide defaults, if none explicitly passed to us here
      input = input || Module['stdin'];
      output = output || Module['stdout'];
      error = error || Module['stderr'];

      // Default handlers.
      var stdinOverridden = true, stdoutOverridden = true, stderrOverridden = true;
      if (!input) {
        stdinOverridden = false;
        input = function() {
          if (!input.cache || !input.cache.length) {
            var result;
            if (typeof window != 'undefined' &&
                typeof window.prompt == 'function') {
              // Browser.
              result = window.prompt('Input: ');
              if (result === null) result = String.fromCharCode(0); // cancel ==> EOF
            } else if (typeof readline == 'function') {
              // Command line.
              result = readline();
            }
            if (!result) result = '';
            input.cache = intArrayFromString(result + '\n', true);
          }
          return input.cache.shift();
        };
      }
      var utf8 = new Runtime.UTF8Processor();
      function createSimpleOutput() {
        var fn = function (val) {
          if (val === null || val === {{{ charCode('\n') }}}) {
            fn.printer(fn.buffer.join(''));
            fn.buffer = [];
          } else {
            fn.buffer.push(utf8.processCChar(val));
          }
        };
        return fn;
      }
      if (!output) {
        stdoutOverridden = false;
        output = createSimpleOutput();
      }
      if (!output.printer) output.printer = Module['print'];
      if (!output.buffer) output.buffer = [];
      if (!error) {
        stderrOverridden = false;
        error = createSimpleOutput();
      }
      if (!error.printer) error.printer = Module['printErr'];
      if (!error.buffer) error.buffer = [];

      // Create the temporary folder, if not already created
      try {
        FS.createFolder('/', 'tmp', true, true);
      } catch(e) {}

      // Create the I/O devices.
      var devFolder = FS.createFolder('/', 'dev', true, true);
      var stdin = FS.createDevice(devFolder, 'stdin', input);
      stdin.isTerminal = !stdinOverridden;
      var stdout = FS.createDevice(devFolder, 'stdout', null, output);
      stdout.isTerminal = !stdoutOverridden;
      var stderr = FS.createDevice(devFolder, 'stderr', null, error);
      stderr.isTerminal = !stderrOverridden;
      FS.createDevice(devFolder, 'tty', input, output);
      FS.createDevice(devFolder, 'null', function(){}, function(){});

      // Create default streams.
      FS.streams[1] = {
        path: '/dev/stdin',
        object: stdin,
        position: 0,
        isRead: true,
        isWrite: false,
        isAppend: false,
        error: false,
        eof: false,
        ungotten: []
      };
      FS.streams[2] = {
        path: '/dev/stdout',
        object: stdout,
        position: 0,
        isRead: false,
        isWrite: true,
        isAppend: false,
        error: false,
        eof: false,
        ungotten: []
      };
      FS.streams[3] = {
        path: '/dev/stderr',
        object: stderr,
        position: 0,
        isRead: false,
        isWrite: true,
        isAppend: false,
        error: false,
        eof: false,
        ungotten: []
      };
      // TODO: put these low in memory like we used to assert on: assert(Math.max(_stdin, _stdout, _stderr) < 15000); // make sure these are low, we flatten arrays with these
      {{{ makeSetValue(makeGlobalUse('_stdin'), 0, 1, 'void*') }}};
      {{{ makeSetValue(makeGlobalUse('_stdout'), 0, 2, 'void*') }}};
      {{{ makeSetValue(makeGlobalUse('_stderr'), 0, 3, 'void*') }}};

      // Other system paths
      FS.createPath('/', 'dev/shm/tmp', true, true); // temp files

      // Newlib initialization
      for (var i = FS.streams.length; i < Math.max(_stdin, _stdout, _stderr) + {{{ QUANTUM_SIZE }}}; i++) {
        FS.streams[i] = null; // Make sure to keep FS.streams dense
      }
      FS.streams[_stdin] = FS.streams[1];
      FS.streams[_stdout] = FS.streams[2];
      FS.streams[_stderr] = FS.streams[3];
#if ASSERTIONS
      FS.checkStreams();
      // see previous TODO on stdin etc.: assert(FS.streams.length < 1024); // at this early stage, we should not have a large set of file descriptors - just a few
#endif
      allocate([ allocate(
        {{{ Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE === 4 ? '[0, 0, 0, 0, _stdin, 0, 0, 0, _stdout, 0, 0, 0, _stderr, 0, 0, 0]' : '[0, _stdin, _stdout, _stderr]' }}},
        'void*', ALLOC_NORMAL) ], 'void*', ALLOC_NONE, {{{ makeGlobalUse('__impure_ptr') }}});
    },

    quit: function() {
      if (!FS.init.initialized) return;
      // Flush any partially-printed lines in stdout and stderr. Careful, they may have been closed
      if (FS.streams[2] && FS.streams[2].object.output.buffer.length > 0) FS.streams[2].object.output({{{ charCode('\n') }}});
      if (FS.streams[3] && FS.streams[3].object.output.buffer.length > 0) FS.streams[3].object.output({{{ charCode('\n') }}});
    },

    // Standardizes a path. Useful for making comparisons of pathnames work in a consistent manner.
    // For example, ./file and file are really the same, so this function will remove ./
    standardizePath: function(path) {
      if (path.substr(0, 2) == './') path = path.substr(2);
      return path;
    },

    deleteFile: function(path) {
      path = FS.analyzePath(path);
      if (!path.parentExists || !path.exists) {
        throw 'Invalid path ' + path;
      }
      delete path.parentObject.contents[path.name];
    }
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // dirent.h
  // ==========================================================================

  __dirent_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
    ['i32', 'd_ino'],
    ['b1024', 'd_name'],
    ['i32', 'd_off'],
    ['i32', 'd_reclen'],
    ['i32', 'd_type']]),
  opendir__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', '__dirent_struct_layout'],
  opendir: function(dirname) {
    // DIR *opendir(const char *dirname);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/opendir.html
    // NOTE: Calculating absolute path redundantly since we need to associate it
    //       with the opened stream.
    var path = FS.absolutePath(Pointer_stringify(dirname));
    if (path === null) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENOENT);
      return 0;
    }
    var target = FS.findObject(path);
    if (target === null) return 0;
    if (!target.isFolder) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENOTDIR);
      return 0;
    } else if (!target.read) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
      return 0;
    }
    var contents = [];
    for (var key in target.contents) contents.push(key);
    var id = FS.createFileHandle({
      path: path,
      object: target,
      // An index into contents. Special values: -2 is ".", -1 is "..".
      position: -2,
      isRead: true,
      isWrite: false,
      isAppend: false,
      error: false,
      eof: false,
      ungotten: [],
      // Folder-specific properties:
      // Remember the contents at the time of opening in an array, so we can
      // seek between them relying on a single order.
      contents: contents,
      // Each stream has its own area for readdir() returns.
      currentEntry: _malloc(___dirent_struct_layout.__size__)
    });
#if ASSERTIONS
    FS.checkStreams();
#endif
    return id;
  },
  closedir__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  closedir: function(dirp) {
    // int closedir(DIR *dirp);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/closedir.html
    if (!FS.streams[dirp] || !FS.streams[dirp].object.isFolder) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    } else {
      _free(FS.streams[dirp].currentEntry);
      FS.streams[dirp] = null;
      return 0;
    }
  },
  telldir__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  telldir: function(dirp) {
    // long int telldir(DIR *dirp);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/telldir.html
    if (!FS.streams[dirp] || !FS.streams[dirp].object.isFolder) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    } else {
      return FS.streams[dirp].position;
    }
  },
  seekdir__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  seekdir: function(dirp, loc) {
    // void seekdir(DIR *dirp, long int loc);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/seekdir.html
    if (!FS.streams[dirp] || !FS.streams[dirp].object.isFolder) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
    } else {
      var entries = 0;
      for (var key in FS.streams[dirp].contents) entries++;
      if (loc >= entries) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      } else {
        FS.streams[dirp].position = loc;
      }
    }
  },
  rewinddir__deps: ['seekdir'],
  rewinddir: function(dirp) {
    // void rewinddir(DIR *dirp);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/rewinddir.html
    _seekdir(dirp, -2);
  },
  readdir_r__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', '__dirent_struct_layout'],
  readdir_r: function(dirp, entry, result) {
    // int readdir_r(DIR *dirp, struct dirent *entry, struct dirent **result);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/readdir_r.html
    if (!FS.streams[dirp] || !FS.streams[dirp].object.isFolder) {
      return ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
    }
    var stream = FS.streams[dirp];
    var loc = stream.position;
    var entries = 0;
    for (var key in stream.contents) entries++;
    if (loc < -2 || loc >= entries) {
      {{{ makeSetValue('result', '0', '0', 'i8*') }}}
    } else {
      var name, inode, type;
      if (loc === -2) {
        name = '.';
        inode = 1;  // Really undefined.
        type = 4; //DT_DIR
      } else if (loc === -1) {
        name = '..';
        inode = 1;  // Really undefined.
        type = 4; //DT_DIR
      } else {
        var object;
        name = stream.contents[loc];
        object = stream.object.contents[name];
        inode = object.inodeNumber;
        type = object.isDevice ? 2 // DT_CHR, character device.
              : object.isFolder ? 4 // DT_DIR, directory.
              : object.link !== undefined ? 10 // DT_LNK, symbolic link.
              : 8; // DT_REG, regular file.
      }
      stream.position++;
      var offsets = ___dirent_struct_layout;
      {{{ makeSetValue('entry', 'offsets.d_ino', 'inode', 'i32') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('entry', 'offsets.d_off', 'stream.position', 'i32') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('entry', 'offsets.d_reclen', 'name.length + 1', 'i32') }}}
      for (var i = 0; i < name.length; i++) {
        {{{ makeSetValue('entry + offsets.d_name', 'i', 'name.charCodeAt(i)', 'i8') }}}
      }
      {{{ makeSetValue('entry + offsets.d_name', 'i', '0', 'i8') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('entry', 'offsets.d_type', 'type', 'i8') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('result', '0', 'entry', 'i8*') }}}
    }
    return 0;
  },
  readdir__deps: ['readdir_r', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  readdir: function(dirp) {
    // struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dirp);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/readdir_r.html
    if (!FS.streams[dirp] || !FS.streams[dirp].object.isFolder) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return 0;
    } else {
      if (!_readdir.result) _readdir.result = _malloc(4);
      _readdir_r(dirp, FS.streams[dirp].currentEntry, _readdir.result);
      if ({{{ makeGetValue(0, '_readdir.result', 'i8*') }}} === 0) {
        return 0;
      } else {
        return FS.streams[dirp].currentEntry;
      }
    }
  },
  __01readdir64_: 'readdir',
  // TODO: Check if we need to link any other aliases.

  // ==========================================================================
  // utime.h
  // ==========================================================================

  __utimbuf_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
    ['i32', 'actime'],
    ['i32', 'modtime']]),
  utime__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', '__utimbuf_struct_layout'],
  utime: function(path, times) {
    // int utime(const char *path, const struct utimbuf *times);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/utime.h.html
    var time;
    if (times) {
      // NOTE: We don't keep track of access timestamps.
      var offset = ___utimbuf_struct_layout.modtime;
      time = {{{ makeGetValue('times', 'offset', 'i32') }}}
      time *= 1000;
    } else {
      time = Date.now();
    }
    var file = FS.findObject(Pointer_stringify(path));
    if (file === null) return -1;
    file.timestamp = time;
    return 0;
  },

  utimes: function() { throw 'utimes not implemented' },

  // ==========================================================================
  // libgen.h
  // ==========================================================================

  __libgenSplitName: function(path) {
    if (path === 0 || {{{ makeGetValue('path', 0, 'i8') }}} === 0) {
      // Null or empty results in '.'.
      var me = ___libgenSplitName;
      if (!me.ret) {
        me.ret = allocate([{{{ charCode('.') }}}, 0], 'i8', ALLOC_NORMAL);
      }
      return [me.ret, -1];
    } else {
      var slash = {{{ charCode('/') }}};
      var allSlashes = true;
      var slashPositions = [];
      for (var i = 0; {{{ makeGetValue('path', 'i', 'i8') }}} !== 0; i++) {
        if ({{{ makeGetValue('path', 'i', 'i8') }}} === slash) {
          slashPositions.push(i);
        } else {
          allSlashes = false;
        }
      }
      var length = i;
      if (allSlashes) {
        // All slashes result in a single slash.
        {{{ makeSetValue('path', '1', '0', 'i8') }}}
        return [path, -1];
      } else {
        // Strip trailing slashes.
        while (slashPositions.length &&
               slashPositions[slashPositions.length - 1] == length - 1) {
          {{{ makeSetValue('path', 'slashPositions.pop(i)', '0', 'i8') }}}
          length--;
        }
        return [path, slashPositions.pop()];
      }
    }
  },
  basename__deps: ['__libgenSplitName'],
  basename: function(path) {
    // char *basename(char *path);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/basename.html
    var result = ___libgenSplitName(path);
    return result[0] + result[1] + 1;
  },
  __xpg_basename: 'basename',
  dirname__deps: ['__libgenSplitName'],
  dirname: function(path) {
    // char *dirname(char *path);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/dirname.html
    var result = ___libgenSplitName(path);
    if (result[1] == 0) {
      {{{ makeSetValue('result[0]', 1, '0', 'i8') }}}
    } else if (result[1] !== -1) {
      {{{ makeSetValue('result[0]', 'result[1]', '0', 'i8') }}}
    }
    return result[0];
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // sys/stat.h
  // ==========================================================================

  __stat_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
    ['i32', 'st_dev'],
    ['i32', 'st_ino'],
    ['i32', 'st_mode'],
    ['i32', 'st_nlink'],
    ['i32', 'st_uid'],
    ['i32', 'st_gid'],
    ['i32', 'st_rdev'],
    ['i32', 'st_size'],
    ['i32', 'st_atime'],
    ['i32', 'st_spare1'],
    ['i32', 'st_mtime'],
    ['i32', 'st_spare2'],
    ['i32', 'st_ctime'],
    ['i32', 'st_spare3'],
    ['i32', 'st_blksize'],
    ['i32', 'st_blocks'],
    ['i32', 'st_spare4']]),
  stat__deps: ['$FS', '__stat_struct_layout'],
  stat: function(path, buf, dontResolveLastLink) {
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/stat.html
    // int stat(const char *path, struct stat *buf);
    // NOTE: dontResolveLastLink is a shortcut for lstat(). It should never be
    //       used in client code.
    var obj = FS.findObject(Pointer_stringify(path), dontResolveLastLink);
    if (obj === null || !FS.forceLoadFile(obj)) return -1;

    var offsets = ___stat_struct_layout;

    // Constants.
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_nlink', '1', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_uid', '0', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_gid', '0', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_blksize', '4096', 'i32') }}}

    // Variables.
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_ino', 'obj.inodeNumber', 'i32') }}}
    var time = Math.floor(obj.timestamp / 1000);
    if (offsets.st_atime === undefined) {
      offsets.st_atime = offsets.st_atim.tv_sec;
      offsets.st_mtime = offsets.st_mtim.tv_sec;
      offsets.st_ctime = offsets.st_ctim.tv_sec;
      var nanosec = (obj.timestamp % 1000) * 1000;
      {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_atim.tv_nsec', 'nanosec', 'i32') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_mtim.tv_nsec', 'nanosec', 'i32') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_ctim.tv_nsec', 'nanosec', 'i32') }}}
    }
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_atime', 'time', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_mtime', 'time', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_ctime', 'time', 'i32') }}}
    var mode = 0;
    var size = 0;
    var blocks = 0;
    var dev = 0;
    var rdev = 0;
    if (obj.isDevice) {
      //  Device numbers reuse inode numbers.
      dev = rdev = obj.inodeNumber;
      size = blocks = 0;
      mode = 0x2000;  // S_IFCHR.
    } else {
      dev = 1;
      rdev = 0;
      // NOTE: In our implementation, st_blocks = Math.ceil(st_size/st_blksize),
      //       but this is not required by the standard.
      if (obj.isFolder) {
        size = 4096;
        blocks = 1;
        mode = 0x4000;  // S_IFDIR.
      } else {
        var data = obj.contents || obj.link;
        size = data.length;
        blocks = Math.ceil(data.length / 4096);
        mode = obj.link === undefined ? 0x8000 : 0xA000;  // S_IFREG, S_IFLNK.
      }
    }
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_dev', 'dev', 'i32') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_rdev', 'rdev', 'i32') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_size', 'size', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_blocks', 'blocks', 'i32') }}}
    if (obj.read) mode |= 0x16D;  // S_IRUSR | S_IXUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH.
    if (obj.write) mode |= 0x92;  // S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH.
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.st_mode', 'mode', 'i32') }}}

    return 0;
  },
  lstat__deps: ['stat'],
  lstat: function(path, buf) {
    // int lstat(const char *path, struct stat *buf);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/lstat.html
    return _stat(path, buf, true);
  },
  fstat__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', 'stat'],
  fstat: function(fildes, buf) {
    // int fstat(int fildes, struct stat *buf);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/fstat.html
    if (!FS.streams[fildes]) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    } else {
      var pathArray = intArrayFromString(FS.streams[fildes].path);
      return _stat(allocate(pathArray, 'i8', ALLOC_STACK), buf);
    }
  },
  mknod__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  mknod: function(path, mode, dev) {
    // int mknod(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/mknod.html
    path = Pointer_stringify(path);
    var fmt = (mode & {{{ cDefine('S_IFMT') }}});
    if (fmt !== {{{ cDefine('S_IFREG') }}} && fmt !== {{{ cDefine('S_IFCHR') }}} &&
        fmt !== {{{ cDefine('S_IFBLK') }}} && fmt !== {{{ cDefine('S_IFIFO') }}} &&
        fmt !== {{{ cDefine('S_IFSOCK') }}}) {
      // not valid formats for mknod
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    }
    if (fmt === {{{ cDefine('S_IFCHR') }}} || fmt === {{{ cDefine('S_IFBLK') }}} ||
        fmt === {{{ cDefine('S_IFIFO') }}} || fmt === {{{ cDefine('S_IFSOCK') }}}) {
      // not supported currently
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EPERM);
      return -1;
    }
    path = FS.analyzePath(path);
    var properties = { contents: [], isFolder: false };  // S_IFDIR.
    try {
      FS.createObject(path.parentObject, path.name, properties,
                      mode & 0x100, mode & 0x80);  // S_IRUSR, S_IWUSR.
      return 0;
    } catch (e) {
      return -1;
    }
  },
  mkdir__deps: ['mknod'],
  mkdir: function(path, mode) {
    // int mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/mkdir.html
    path = Pointer_stringify(path);
    path = FS.analyzePath(path);
    var properties = { contents: [], isFolder: true };
    try {
      FS.createObject(path.parentObject, path.name, properties,
                      mode & 0x100, mode & 0x80);  // S_IRUSR, S_IWUSR.
      return 0;
    } catch (e) {
      return -1;
    }
  },
  mkfifo__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  mkfifo: function(path, mode) {
    // int mkfifo(const char *path, mode_t mode);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/mkfifo.html
    // NOTE: We support running only a single process, and named pipes require
    //       blocking, which we can't provide. The error code is not very
    //       accurate, but it's the closest among those allowed in the standard
    //       and unlikely to result in retries.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EROFS);
    return -1;
  },
  chmod__deps: ['$FS'],
  chmod: function(path, mode, dontResolveLastLink) {
    // int chmod(const char *path, mode_t mode);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/chmod.html
    // NOTE: dontResolveLastLink is a shortcut for lchmod(). It should never be
    //       used in client code.
    path = typeof path !== 'string' ? Pointer_stringify(path) : path;
    var obj = FS.findObject(path, dontResolveLastLink);
    if (obj === null) return -1;
    obj.read = mode & 0x100;  // S_IRUSR.
    obj.write = mode & 0x80;  // S_IWUSR.
    obj.timestamp = Date.now();
    return 0;
  },
  fchmod__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', 'chmod'],
  fchmod: function(fildes, mode) {
    // int fchmod(int fildes, mode_t mode);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/fchmod.html
    var stream = FS.streams[fildes];
    if (!stream) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    }
    return _chmod(stream.path, mode);
  },
  lchmod: function(path, mode) {
    return _chmod(path, mode, true);
  },

  umask__deps: ['$FS'],
  umask: function(newMask) {
    // mode_t umask(mode_t cmask);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/umask.html
    // NOTE: This value isn't actually used for anything.
    if (_umask.cmask === undefined) _umask.cmask = 0x1FF;  // S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO.
    var oldMask = _umask.cmask;
    _umask.cmask = newMask;
    return oldMask;
  },
  stat64: 'stat',
  fstat64: 'fstat',
  lstat64: 'lstat',
  __01fstat64_: 'fstat',
  __01stat64_: 'stat',
  __01lstat64_: 'lstat',

  // TODO: Check if other aliases are needed.

  // ==========================================================================
  // sys/statvfs.h
  // ==========================================================================

  __statvfs_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
    ['i32', 'f_bsize'],
    ['i32', 'f_frsize'],
    ['i32', 'f_blocks'],
    ['i32', 'f_bfree'],
    ['i32', 'f_bavail'],
    ['i32', 'f_files'],
    ['i32', 'f_ffree'],
    ['i32', 'f_favail'],
    ['i32', 'f_fsid'],
    ['i32', 'f_flag'],
    ['i32', 'f_namemax']]),
  statvfs__deps: ['$FS', '__statvfs_struct_layout'],
  statvfs: function(path, buf) {
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/statvfs.html
    // int statvfs(const char *restrict path, struct statvfs *restrict buf);
    var offsets = ___statvfs_struct_layout;
    // NOTE: None of the constants here are true. We're just returning safe and
    //       sane values.
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.f_bsize', '4096', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.f_frsize', '4096', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.f_blocks', '1000000', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.f_bfree', '500000', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.f_bavail', '500000', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.f_files', 'FS.nextInode', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.f_ffree', '1000000', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.f_favail', '1000000', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.f_fsid', '42', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.f_flag', '2', 'i32') }}}  // ST_NOSUID
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'offsets.f_namemax', '255', 'i32') }}}
    return 0;
  },
  fstatvfs__deps: ['statvfs'],
  fstatvfs: function(fildes, buf) {
    // int fstatvfs(int fildes, struct statvfs *buf);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009604499/functions/statvfs.html
    return _statvfs(0, buf);
  },
  __01statvfs64_: 'statvfs',
  __01fstatvfs64_: 'fstatvfs',

  // ==========================================================================
  // fcntl.h
  // ==========================================================================

  __flock_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
    ['i16', 'l_type'],
    ['i16', 'l_whence'],
    ['i32', 'l_start'],
    ['i32', 'l_len'],
    ['i16', 'l_pid'],
    ['i16', 'l_xxx']]),
  open__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', '__dirent_struct_layout'],
  open: function(path, oflag, varargs) {
    // int open(const char *path, int oflag, ...);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/open.html
    // NOTE: This implementation tries to mimic glibc rather than strictly
    // following the POSIX standard.

    var mode = {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', 0, 'i32') }}};

    // Simplify flags.
    var accessMode = oflag & {{{ cDefine('O_ACCMODE') }}};
    var isWrite = accessMode != {{{ cDefine('O_RDONLY') }}};
    var isRead = accessMode != {{{ cDefine('O_WRONLY') }}};
    var isCreate = Boolean(oflag & {{{ cDefine('O_CREAT') }}});
    var isExistCheck = Boolean(oflag & {{{ cDefine('O_EXCL') }}});
    var isTruncate = Boolean(oflag & {{{ cDefine('O_TRUNC') }}});
    var isAppend = Boolean(oflag & {{{ cDefine('O_APPEND') }}});

    // Verify path.
    var origPath = path;
    path = FS.analyzePath(Pointer_stringify(path));
    if (!path.parentExists) {
      ___setErrNo(path.error);
      return -1;
    }
    var target = path.object || null;
    var finalPath;

    // Verify the file exists, create if needed and allowed.
    if (target) {
      if (isCreate && isExistCheck) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EEXIST);
        return -1;
      }
      if ((isWrite || isTruncate) && target.isFolder) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EISDIR);
        return -1;
      }
      if (isRead && !target.read || isWrite && !target.write) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
        return -1;
      }
      if (isTruncate && !target.isDevice) {
        target.contents = [];
      } else {
        if (!FS.forceLoadFile(target)) {
          ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EIO);
          return -1;
        }
      }
      finalPath = path.path;
    } else {
      if (!isCreate) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENOENT);
        return -1;
      }
      if (!path.parentObject.write) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
        return -1;
      }
      target = FS.createDataFile(path.parentObject, path.name, [],
                                 mode & 0x100, mode & 0x80);  // S_IRUSR, S_IWUSR.
      finalPath = path.parentPath + '/' + path.name;
    }
    // Actually create an open stream.
    var id;
    if (target.isFolder) {
      var entryBuffer = 0;
      if (___dirent_struct_layout) {
        entryBuffer = _malloc(___dirent_struct_layout.__size__);
      }
      var contents = [];
      for (var key in target.contents) contents.push(key);
      id = FS.createFileHandle({
        path: finalPath,
        object: target,
        // An index into contents. Special values: -2 is ".", -1 is "..".
        position: -2,
        isRead: true,
        isWrite: false,
        isAppend: false,
        error: false,
        eof: false,
        ungotten: [],
        // Folder-specific properties:
        // Remember the contents at the time of opening in an array, so we can
        // seek between them relying on a single order.
        contents: contents,
        // Each stream has its own area for readdir() returns.
        currentEntry: entryBuffer
      });
    } else {
      id = FS.createFileHandle({
        path: finalPath,
        object: target,
        position: 0,
        isRead: isRead,
        isWrite: isWrite,
        isAppend: isAppend,
        error: false,
        eof: false,
        ungotten: []
      });
    }
#if ASSERTIONS
    FS.checkStreams();
#endif
    return id;
  },
  creat__deps: ['open'],
  creat: function(path, mode) {
    // int creat(const char *path, mode_t mode);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/creat.html
    return _open(path, {{{ cDefine('O_WRONLY') }}} | {{{ cDefine('O_CREAT') }}} | {{{ cDefine('O_TRUNC') }}}, allocate([mode, 0, 0, 0], 'i32', ALLOC_STACK));
  },
  mkstemp__deps: ['creat'],
  mkstemp: function(template) {
    if (!_mkstemp.counter) _mkstemp.counter = 0;
    var c = (_mkstemp.counter++).toString();
    var rep = 'XXXXXX';
    while (c.length < rep.length) c = '0' + c;
    writeArrayToMemory(intArrayFromString(c), template + Pointer_stringify(template).indexOf(rep));
    return _creat(template, 0600);
  },
  fcntl__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', '__flock_struct_layout'],
  fcntl: function(fildes, cmd, varargs, dup2) {
    // int fcntl(int fildes, int cmd, ...);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/fcntl.html
    if (!FS.streams[fildes]) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    }
    var stream = FS.streams[fildes];
    switch (cmd) {
      case {{{ cDefine('F_DUPFD') }}}:
        var arg = {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', 0, 'i32') }}};
        if (arg < 0) {
          ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
          return -1;
        }
        var newStream = {};
        for (var member in stream) {
          newStream[member] = stream[member];
        }
        arg = dup2 ? arg : Math.max(arg, FS.streams.length); // dup2 wants exactly arg; fcntl wants a free descriptor >= arg
        FS.createFileHandle(newStream, arg);
#if ASSERTIONS
        FS.checkStreams();
#endif
        return arg;
      case {{{ cDefine('F_GETFD') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('F_SETFD') }}}:
        return 0;  // FD_CLOEXEC makes no sense for a single process.
      case {{{ cDefine('F_GETFL') }}}:
        var flags = 0;
        if (stream.isRead && stream.isWrite) flags = {{{ cDefine('O_RDWR') }}};
        else if (!stream.isRead && stream.isWrite) flags = {{{ cDefine('O_WRONLY') }}};
        else if (stream.isRead && !stream.isWrite) flags = {{{ cDefine('O_RDONLY') }}};
        if (stream.isAppend) flags |= {{{ cDefine('O_APPEND') }}};
        // Synchronization and blocking flags are irrelevant to us.
        return flags;
      case {{{ cDefine('F_SETFL') }}}:
        var arg = {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', 0, 'i32') }}};
        stream.isAppend = Boolean(arg | {{{ cDefine('O_APPEND') }}});
        // Synchronization and blocking flags are irrelevant to us.
        return 0;
      case {{{ cDefine('F_GETLK') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('F_GETLK64') }}}:
        var arg = {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', 0, 'i32') }}};
        var offset = ___flock_struct_layout.l_type;
        // We're always unlocked.
        {{{ makeSetValue('arg', 'offset', cDefine('F_UNLCK'), 'i16') }}}
        return 0;
      case {{{ cDefine('F_SETLK') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('F_SETLKW') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('F_SETLK64') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('F_SETLKW64') }}}:
        // Pretend that the locking is successful.
        return 0;
      case {{{ cDefine('F_SETOWN') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('F_GETOWN') }}}:
        // These are for sockets. We don't have them fully implemented yet.
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
        return -1;
      default:
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
        return -1;
    }
    // Should never be reached. Only to silence strict warnings.
    return -1;
  },
  posix_fadvise: function(fd, offset, len, advice) {
    // int posix_fadvise(int fd, off_t offset, off_t len, int advice);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/posix_fadvise.html
    // Advise as much as you wish. We don't care.
    return 0;
  },
  posix_madvise: 'posix_fadvise',
  posix_fallocate__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  posix_fallocate: function(fd, offset, len) {
    // int posix_fallocate(int fd, off_t offset, off_t len);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/posix_fallocate.html
    if (!FS.streams[fd] || !FS.streams[fd].isWrite || FS.streams[fd].link ||
        FS.streams[fd].isFolder || FS.streams[fd].isDevice) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    }
    var contents = FS.streams[fd].object.contents;
    var limit = offset + len;
    while (limit > contents.length) contents.push(0);
    return 0;
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // sys/file.h
  // ==========================================================================

  flock: function(fd, operation) {
    // int flock(int fd, int operation);
    // Pretend to succeed
    return 0;
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // poll.h
  // ==========================================================================

  __pollfd_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
    ['i32', 'fd'],
    ['i16', 'events'],
    ['i16', 'revents']]),
  poll__deps: ['$FS', '__pollfd_struct_layout'],
  poll: function(fds, nfds, timeout) {
    // int poll(struct pollfd fds[], nfds_t nfds, int timeout);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/poll.html
    // NOTE: This is pretty much a no-op mimicking glibc.
    var offsets = ___pollfd_struct_layout;
    var nonzero = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < nfds; i++) {
      var pollfd = fds + ___pollfd_struct_layout.__size__ * i;
      var fd = {{{ makeGetValue('pollfd', 'offsets.fd', 'i32') }}};
      var events = {{{ makeGetValue('pollfd', 'offsets.events', 'i16') }}};
      var revents = 0;
      if (FS.streams[fd]) {
        var stream = FS.streams[fd];
        if (events & {{{ cDefine('POLLIN') }}}) revents |= {{{ cDefine('POLLIN') }}};
        if (events & {{{ cDefine('POLLOUT') }}}) revents |= {{{ cDefine('POLLOUT') }}};
      } else {
        if (events & {{{ cDefine('POLLNVAL') }}}) revents |= {{{ cDefine('POLLNVAL') }}};
      }
      if (revents) nonzero++;
      {{{ makeSetValue('pollfd', 'offsets.revents', 'revents', 'i16') }}}
    }
    return nonzero;
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // unistd.h
  // ==========================================================================

  access__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  access: function(path, amode) {
    // int access(const char *path, int amode);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/access.html
    path = Pointer_stringify(path);
    var target = FS.findObject(path);
    if (target === null) return -1;
    if ((amode & 2 && !target.write) ||  // W_OK.
        ((amode & 1 || amode & 4) && !target.read)) {  // X_OK, R_OK.
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
      return -1;
    } else {
      return 0;
    }
  },
  chdir__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  chdir: function(path) {
    // int chdir(const char *path);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/chdir.html
    // NOTE: The path argument may be a string, to simplify fchdir().
    if (typeof path !== 'string') path = Pointer_stringify(path);
    path = FS.analyzePath(path);
    if (!path.exists) {
      ___setErrNo(path.error);
      return -1;
    } else if (!path.object.isFolder) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENOTDIR);
      return -1;
    } else {
      FS.currentPath = path.path;
      return 0;
    }
  },
  chown__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  chown: function(path, owner, group, dontResolveLastLink) {
    // int chown(const char *path, uid_t owner, gid_t group);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/chown.html
    // We don't support multiple users, so changing ownership makes no sense.
    // NOTE: The path argument may be a string, to simplify fchown().
    // NOTE: dontResolveLastLink is a shortcut for lchown(). It should never be
    //       used in client code.
    if (typeof path !== 'string') path = Pointer_stringify(path);
    var target = FS.findObject(path, dontResolveLastLink);
    if (target === null) return -1;
    target.timestamp = Date.now();
    return 0;
  },
  chroot__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  chroot: function(path) {
    // int chroot(const char *path);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/chroot.html
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
    return -1;
  },
  close__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  close: function(fildes) {
    // int close(int fildes);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/close.html
    if (FS.streams[fildes]) {
      if (FS.streams[fildes].currentEntry) {
        _free(FS.streams[fildes].currentEntry);
      }
      FS.streams[fildes] = null;
      return 0;
    } else {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    }
  },
  dup__deps: ['fcntl'],
  dup: function(fildes) {
    // int dup(int fildes);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/dup.html
    return _fcntl(fildes, 0, allocate([0, 0, 0, 0], 'i32', ALLOC_STACK));  // F_DUPFD.
  },
  dup2__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', 'fcntl', 'close'],
  dup2: function(fildes, fildes2) {
    // int dup2(int fildes, int fildes2);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/dup.html
    if (fildes2 < 0) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    } else if (fildes === fildes2 && FS.streams[fildes]) {
      return fildes;
    } else {
      _close(fildes2);
      return _fcntl(fildes, 0, allocate([fildes2, 0, 0, 0], 'i32', ALLOC_STACK), true);  // F_DUPFD.
    }
  },
  fchown__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', 'chown'],
  fchown: function(fildes, owner, group) {
    // int fchown(int fildes, uid_t owner, gid_t group);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fchown.html
    if (FS.streams[fildes]) {
      return _chown(FS.streams[fildes].path, owner, group);
    } else {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    }
  },
  fchdir__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', 'chdir'],
  fchdir: function(fildes) {
    // int fchdir(int fildes);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fchdir.html
    if (FS.streams[fildes]) {
      return _chdir(FS.streams[fildes].path);
    } else {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    }
  },
  ctermid__deps: ['strcpy'],
  ctermid: function(s) {
    // char *ctermid(char *s);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/ctermid.html
    if (!_ctermid.ret) {
      var arr = intArrayFromString('/dev/tty');
      _ctermid.ret = allocate(arr, 'i8', ALLOC_NORMAL);
    }
    return s ? _strcpy(s, _ctermid.ret) : _ctermid.ret;
  },
  crypt: function(key, salt) {
    // char *(const char *, const char *);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/crypt.html
    // TODO: Implement (probably compile from C).
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENOSYS);
    return 0;
  },
  encrypt: function(block, edflag) {
    // void encrypt(char block[64], int edflag);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/encrypt.html
    // TODO: Implement (probably compile from C).
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENOSYS);
  },
  fpathconf__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  fpathconf: function(fildes, name) {
    // long fpathconf(int fildes, int name);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/encrypt.html
    // NOTE: The first parameter is ignored, so pathconf == fpathconf.
    // The constants here aren't real values. Just mimicking glibc.
    switch (name) {
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_LINK_MAX') }}}:
        return 32000;
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_MAX_CANON') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_MAX_INPUT') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_NAME_MAX') }}}:
        return 255;
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_PATH_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_PIPE_BUF') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_REC_MIN_XFER_SIZE') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_REC_XFER_ALIGN') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_ALLOC_SIZE_MIN') }}}:
        return 4096;
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_NO_TRUNC') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_2_SYMLINKS') }}}:
        return 1;
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_VDISABLE') }}}:
        return 0;
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_SYNC_IO') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_ASYNC_IO') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_PRIO_IO') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_SOCK_MAXBUF') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_REC_INCR_XFER_SIZE') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_REC_MAX_XFER_SIZE') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_SYMLINK_MAX') }}}:
        return -1;
      case {{{ cDefine('_PC_FILESIZEBITS') }}}:
        return 64;
    }
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
    return -1;
  },
  pathconf: 'fpathconf',
  fsync__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  fsync: function(fildes) {
    // int fsync(int fildes);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fsync.html
    if (FS.streams[fildes]) {
      // We write directly to the file system, so there's nothing to do here.
      return 0;
    } else {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    }
  },
  fdatasync: 'fsync',
  truncate__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  truncate: function(path, length) {
    // int truncate(const char *path, off_t length);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/truncate.html
    // NOTE: The path argument may be a string, to simplify ftruncate().
    if (length < 0) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    } else {
      if (typeof path !== 'string') path = Pointer_stringify(path);
      var target = FS.findObject(path);
      if (target === null) return -1;
      if (target.isFolder) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EISDIR);
        return -1;
      } else if (target.isDevice) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
        return -1;
      } else if (!target.write) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
        return -1;
      } else {
        var contents = target.contents;
        if (length < contents.length) contents.length = length;
        else while (length > contents.length) contents.push(0);
        target.timestamp = Date.now();
        return 0;
      }
    }
  },
  ftruncate__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', 'truncate'],
  ftruncate: function(fildes, length) {
    // int ftruncate(int fildes, off_t length);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/ftruncate.html
    if (FS.streams[fildes] && FS.streams[fildes].isWrite) {
      return _truncate(FS.streams[fildes].path, length);
    } else if (FS.streams[fildes]) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    } else {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    }
  },
  getcwd__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  getcwd: function(buf, size) {
    // char *getcwd(char *buf, size_t size);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/getcwd.html
    if (size == 0) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return 0;
    } else if (size < FS.currentPath.length + 1) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ERANGE);
      return 0;
    } else {
      for (var i = 0; i < FS.currentPath.length; i++) {
        {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'i', 'FS.currentPath.charCodeAt(i)', 'i8') }}}
      }
      {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'i', '0', 'i8') }}}
      return buf;
    }
  },
  getwd__deps: ['getcwd'],
  getwd: function(path_name) {
    // char *getwd(char *path_name);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/getwd.html
    return _getcwd(path_name, 4096);  // PATH_MAX.
  },
  isatty__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  isatty: function(fildes) {
    // int isatty(int fildes);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/isatty.html
    var stream = FS.streams[fildes];
    if (!stream) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return 0;
    }
    if (!stream.object.isTerminal) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENOTTY);
      return 0;
    }
    return 1;
  },
  lchown__deps: ['chown'],
  lchown: function(path, owner, group) {
    // int lchown(const char *path, uid_t owner, gid_t group);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/lchown.html
    return _chown(path, owner, group, true);
  },
  link__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  link: function(path1, path2) {
    // int link(const char *path1, const char *path2);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/link.html
    // We don't support hard links.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EMLINK);
    return -1;
  },
  lockf__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  lockf: function(fildes, func, size) {
    // int lockf(int fildes, int function, off_t size);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/lockf.html
    if (FS.streams[fildes]) {
      // Pretend whatever locking or unlocking operation succeeded. Locking does
      // not make much sense, since we have a single process/thread.
      return 0;
    } else {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    }
  },
  lseek__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  lseek: function(fildes, offset, whence) {
    // off_t lseek(int fildes, off_t offset, int whence);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/lseek.html
    if (FS.streams[fildes] && !FS.streams[fildes].object.isDevice) {
      var stream = FS.streams[fildes];
      var position = offset;
      if (whence === 1) {  // SEEK_CUR.
        position += stream.position;
      } else if (whence === 2) {  // SEEK_END.
        position += stream.object.contents.length;
      }
      if (position < 0) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
        return -1;
      } else {
        stream.ungotten = [];
        stream.position = position;
        return position;
      }
    } else {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    }
  },
  pipe__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  pipe: function(fildes) {
    // int pipe(int fildes[2]);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/pipe.html
    // It is possible to implement this using two device streams, but pipes make
    // little sense in a single-threaded environment, so we do not support them.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENOSYS);
    return -1;
  },
  pread__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  pread: function(fildes, buf, nbyte, offset) {
    // ssize_t pread(int fildes, void *buf, size_t nbyte, off_t offset);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/read.html
    var stream = FS.streams[fildes];
    if (!stream || stream.object.isDevice) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    } else if (!stream.isRead) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
      return -1;
    } else if (stream.object.isFolder) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EISDIR);
      return -1;
    } else if (nbyte < 0 || offset < 0) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    } else if (offset >= stream.object.contents.length) {
      return 0;
    } else {
      var bytesRead = 0;
      var contents = stream.object.contents;
      var size = Math.min(contents.length - offset, nbyte);
      assert(size >= 0);
      
#if USE_TYPED_ARRAYS == 2
      if (contents.subarray) { // typed array
        HEAPU8.set(contents.subarray(offset, offset+size), buf);
      } else
#endif
      if (contents.slice) { // normal array
        for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) {
          {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'i', 'contents[offset + i]', 'i8') }}}
        }
      } else {
        for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) { // LazyUint8Array from sync binary XHR
          {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'i', 'contents.get(offset + i)', 'i8') }}}
        }
      }
      bytesRead += size;
      return bytesRead;
    }
  },
  read__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', 'recv', 'pread'],
  read: function(fildes, buf, nbyte) {
    // ssize_t read(int fildes, void *buf, size_t nbyte);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/read.html
    var stream = FS.streams[fildes];
    if (stream && ('socket' in stream)) {
      return _recv(fildes, buf, nbyte, 0);
    } else if (!stream) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    } else if (!stream.isRead) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
      return -1;
    } else if (nbyte < 0) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    } else {
      var bytesRead;
      if (stream.object.isDevice) {
        if (stream.object.input) {
          bytesRead = 0;
          for (var i = 0; i < nbyte; i++) {
            try {
              var result = stream.object.input();
            } catch (e) {
              ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EIO);
              return -1;
            }
            if (result === undefined && bytesRead === 0) {
              ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EAGAIN);
              return -1;
            }
            if (result === null || result === undefined) break;
            bytesRead++;
            {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'i', 'result', 'i8') }}}
          }
          return bytesRead;
        } else {
          ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENXIO);
          return -1;
        }
      } else {
        bytesRead = _pread(fildes, buf, nbyte, stream.position);
        assert(bytesRead >= -1);
        if (bytesRead != -1) {
          stream.position += bytesRead;
        }
        return bytesRead;
      }
    }
  },
  sync: function() {
    // void sync(void);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/sync.html
    // All our writing is already synchronized. This is a no-op.
  },
  rmdir__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  rmdir: function(path) {
    // int rmdir(const char *path);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/rmdir.html
    path = Pointer_stringify(path);
    path = FS.analyzePath(path, true);
    if (!path.parentExists || !path.exists) {
      ___setErrNo(path.error);
      return -1;
    } else if (!path.parentObject.write) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
      return -1;
    } else if (!path.object.isFolder) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENOTDIR);
      return -1;
    } else if (path.isRoot || path.path == FS.currentPath) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBUSY);
      return -1;
    } else {
      for (var i in path.object.contents) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENOTEMPTY);
        return -1;
      }
      delete path.parentObject.contents[path.name];
      return 0;
    }
  },
  unlink__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  unlink: function(path) {
    // int unlink(const char *path);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/unlink.html
    path = Pointer_stringify(path);
    path = FS.analyzePath(path, true);
    if (!path.parentExists || !path.exists) {
      ___setErrNo(path.error);
      return -1;
    } else if (path.object.isFolder) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EPERM);
      return -1;
    } else if (!path.parentObject.write) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
      return -1;
    } else {
      delete path.parentObject.contents[path.name];
      return 0;
    }
  },
  ttyname__deps: ['ttyname_r'],
  ttyname: function(fildes) {
    // char *ttyname(int fildes);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/ttyname.html
    if (!_ttyname.ret) _ttyname.ret = _malloc(256);
    return _ttyname_r(fildes, _ttyname.ret, 256) ? 0 : _ttyname.ret;
  },
  ttyname_r__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', 'isatty'],
  ttyname_r: function(fildes, name, namesize) {
    // int ttyname_r(int fildes, char *name, size_t namesize);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/ttyname.html
    var stream = FS.streams[fildes];
    var ttyname = '/dev/tty';
    if (!stream) {
      return ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
    } else if (!_isatty(fildes)) {
       return ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENOTTY);
    } else if (namesize < ttyname.length + 1) {
      return ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ERANGE);
    }
    writeStringToMemory(ttyname, name);
    return 0;
  },
  symlink__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  symlink: function(path1, path2) {
    // int symlink(const char *path1, const char *path2);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/symlink.html
    var path = FS.analyzePath(Pointer_stringify(path2), true);
    if (!path.parentExists) {
      ___setErrNo(path.error);
      return -1;
    } else if (path.exists) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EEXIST);
      return -1;
    } else {
      FS.createLink(path.parentPath, path.name,
                    Pointer_stringify(path1), true, true);
      return 0;
    }
  },
  readlink__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  readlink: function(path, buf, bufsize) {
    // ssize_t readlink(const char *restrict path, char *restrict buf, size_t bufsize);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/readlink.html
    var target = FS.findObject(Pointer_stringify(path), true);
    if (target === null) return -1;
    if (target.link !== undefined) {
      var length = Math.min(bufsize - 1, target.link.length);
      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'i', 'target.link.charCodeAt(i)', 'i8') }}}
      }
      if (bufsize - 1 > length) {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'i', '0', 'i8') }}}
      return i;
    } else {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    }
  },
  pwrite__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  pwrite: function(fildes, buf, nbyte, offset) {
    // ssize_t pwrite(int fildes, const void *buf, size_t nbyte, off_t offset);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/write.html
    var stream = FS.streams[fildes];
    if (!stream || stream.object.isDevice) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    } else if (!stream.isWrite) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
      return -1;
    } else if (stream.object.isFolder) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EISDIR);
      return -1;
    } else if (nbyte < 0 || offset < 0) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    } else {
      var contents = stream.object.contents;
      while (contents.length < offset) contents.push(0);
      for (var i = 0; i < nbyte; i++) {
        contents[offset + i] = {{{ makeGetValue('buf', 'i', 'i8', undefined, 1) }}};
      }
      stream.object.timestamp = Date.now();
      return i;
    }
  },
  write__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', 'send', 'pwrite'],
  write: function(fildes, buf, nbyte) {
    // ssize_t write(int fildes, const void *buf, size_t nbyte);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/write.html
    var stream = FS.streams[fildes];
    if (stream && ('socket' in stream)) {
        return _send(fildes, buf, nbyte, 0);
    } else if (!stream) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    } else if (!stream.isWrite) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
      return -1;
    } else if (nbyte < 0) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    } else {
      if (stream.object.isDevice) {
        if (stream.object.output) {
          for (var i = 0; i < nbyte; i++) {
            try {
              stream.object.output({{{ makeGetValue('buf', 'i', 'i8') }}});
            } catch (e) {
              ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EIO);
              return -1;
            }
          }
          stream.object.timestamp = Date.now();
          return i;
        } else {
          ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENXIO);
          return -1;
        }
      } else {
        var bytesWritten = _pwrite(fildes, buf, nbyte, stream.position);
        if (bytesWritten != -1) stream.position += bytesWritten;
        return bytesWritten;
      }
    }
  },
  alarm: function(seconds) {
    // unsigned alarm(unsigned seconds);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/alarm.html
    // We don't support signals, and there's no way to indicate failure, so just
    // fail silently.
    return 0;
  },
  ualarm: 'alarm',
  confstr__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', '$ENV'],
  confstr: function(name, buf, len) {
    // size_t confstr(int name, char *buf, size_t len);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/confstr.html
    var value;
    switch (name) {
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_PATH') }}}:
        value = ENV['PATH'] || '/';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_POSIX_V6_WIDTH_RESTRICTED_ENVS') }}}:
        // Mimicing glibc.
        value = 'POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32\nPOSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION') }}}:
        // This JS implementation was tested against this glibc version.
        value = 'glibc 2.14';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION') }}}:
        // We don't support pthreads.
        value = '';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LIBS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LIBS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_POSIX_V6_LP64_OFF64_LIBS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_CFLAGS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_POSIX_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG_LIBS') }}}:
        value = '';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_CFLAGS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFF32_LDFLAGS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_LDFLAGS') }}}:
        value = '-m32';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('_CS_POSIX_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG_CFLAGS') }}}:
        value = '-m32 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64';
        break;
      default:
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
        return 0;
    }
    if (len == 0 || buf == 0) {
      return value.length + 1;
    } else {
      var length = Math.min(len, value.length);
      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'i', 'value.charCodeAt(i)', 'i8') }}}
      }
      if (len > length) {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'i++', '0', 'i8') }}}
      return i;
    }
  },
  execl__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  execl: function(/* ... */) {
    // int execl(const char *path, const char *arg0, ... /*, (char *)0 */);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/exec.html
    // We don't support executing external code.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENOEXEC);
    return -1;
  },
  execle: 'execl',
  execlp: 'execl',
  execv: 'execl',
  execve: 'execl',
  execvp: 'execl',
  _exit: function(status) {
    // void _exit(int status);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/exit.html
    Module['exit'](status);
  },
  fork__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  fork: function() {
    // pid_t fork(void);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fork.html
    // We don't support multiple processes.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EAGAIN);
    return -1;
  },
  vfork: 'fork',
  getgid: function() {
    // gid_t getgid(void);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/getgid.html
    // We have just one process/group/user, all with ID 0.
    return 0;
  },
  getegid: 'getgid',
  getuid: 'getgid',
  geteuid: 'getgid',
  getpgrp: 'getgid',
  getpid: 'getgid',
  getppid: 'getgid',
  getresuid: function(ruid, euid, suid) {
    // int getresuid(uid_t *ruid, uid_t *euid, uid_t *suid);
    // http://linux.die.net/man/2/getresuid
    // We have just one process/group/user, all with ID 0.
    {{{ makeSetValue('ruid', '0', '0', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('euid', '0', '0', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('suid', '0', '0', 'i32') }}}
    return 0;
  },
  getresgid: 'getresuid',
  getgroups__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  getgroups: function(gidsetsize, grouplist) {
    // int getgroups(int gidsetsize, gid_t grouplist[]);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/getgroups.html
    if (gidsetsize < 1) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    } else {
      {{{ makeSetValue('grouplist', '0', '0', 'i32') }}}
      return 1;
    }
  },
  // TODO: Implement initgroups (grp.h).
  setgroups__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', 'sysconf'],
  setgroups: function (ngroups, gidset) {
    // int setgroups(int ngroups, const gid_t *gidset);
    // https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/man2/setgroups.2.html
    if (ngroups < 1 || ngroups > _sysconf({{{ cDefine('_SC_NGROUPS_MAX') }}})) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    } else {
      // We have just one process/user/group, so it makes no sense to set groups.
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EPERM);
      return -1;
    }
  },
  gethostid: function() {
    // long gethostid(void);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/gethostid.html
    return 42;
  },
  gethostname__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  gethostname: function(name, namelen) {
    // int gethostname(char *name, size_t namelen);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/gethostname.html
    var host = 'emscripten';
    if (typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.location.host) {
      host = window.location.host;
    }
    var length = Math.min(namelen, host.length);
    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      {{{ makeSetValue('name', 'i', 'host.charCodeAt(i)', 'i8') }}}
    }
    if (namelen > length) {
      {{{ makeSetValue('name', 'i', '0', 'i8') }}}
      return 0;
    } else {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ENAMETOOLONG);
      return -1;
    }
  },
  getlogin__deps: ['getlogin_r'],
  getlogin: function() {
    // char *getlogin(void);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/getlogin.html
    if (!_getlogin.ret) _getlogin.ret = _malloc(8);
    return _getlogin_r(_getlogin.ret, 8) ? 0 : _getlogin.ret;
  },
  getlogin_r__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  getlogin_r: function(name, namesize) {
    // int getlogin_r(char *name, size_t namesize);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/getlogin.html
    var ret = 'root';
    if (namesize < ret.length + 1) {
      return ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ERANGE);
    } else {
      for (var i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
        {{{ makeSetValue('name', 'i', 'ret.charCodeAt(i)', 'i8') }}}
      }
      {{{ makeSetValue('name', 'i', '0', 'i8') }}}
      return 0;
    }
  },
  getpagesize: function() {
    // int getpagesize(void);
    return PAGE_SIZE;
  },
  getopt: function(argc, argv, optstring) {
    // int getopt(int argc, char * const argv[], const char *optstring);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/getopt.html
    // TODO: Implement (probably compile from C).
    return -1;
  },
  getpgid: function(pid) {
    // pid_t getpgid(pid_t pid);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/getpgid.html
    // There can only be one process, and its group ID is 0.
    return 0;
  },
  getsid: 'getpgid',
  nice__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  nice: function(incr) {
    // int nice(int incr);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/nice.html
    // Niceness makes no sense in a single-process environment.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EPERM);
    return 0;
  },
  pause__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  pause: function() {
    // int pause(void);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/pause.html
    // We don't support signals, so we return immediately.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINTR);
    return -1;
  },
  setgid__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  setgid: function(gid) {
    // int setgid(gid_t gid);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/setgid.html
    // We have just one process/group/user, so it makes no sense to set IDs.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EPERM);
    return -1;
  },
  setegid: 'setgid',
  setuid: 'setgid',
  seteuid: 'setgid',
  setsid: 'setgid',
  setpgrp: 'setgid',
  setpgid__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  setpgid: function(pid, pgid) {
    // int setpgid(pid_t pid, pid_t pgid);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/getpgid.html
    // We have just one process/group/user, so it makes no sense to set IDs.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EPERM);
    return -1;
  },
  setregid: 'setpgid',
  setreuid: 'setpgid',
  // NOTE: These do not match the signatures, but they all use the same stub.
  setresuid: 'setpgid',
  setresgid: 'setpgid',
  sleep__deps: ['usleep'],
  sleep: function(seconds) {
    // unsigned sleep(unsigned seconds);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/sleep.html
    return _usleep(seconds * 1e6);
  },
  usleep: function(useconds) {
    // int usleep(useconds_t useconds);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/usleep.html
    // We're single-threaded, so use a busy loop. Super-ugly.
    var msec = useconds / 1000;
    var start = Date.now();
    while (Date.now() - start < msec) {
      // Do nothing.
    }
    return 0;
  },
  swab: function(src, dest, nbytes) {
    // void swab(const void *restrict src, void *restrict dest, ssize_t nbytes);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/swab.html
    if (nbytes < 0) return;
    nbytes -= nbytes % 2;
    for (var i = 0; i < nbytes; i += 2) {
      var first = {{{ makeGetValue('src', 'i', 'i8') }}};
      var second = {{{ makeGetValue('src', 'i + 1', 'i8') }}};
      {{{ makeSetValue('dest', 'i', 'second', 'i8') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('dest', 'i + 1', 'first', 'i8') }}}
    }
  },
  tcgetpgrp: function(fildes) {
    // pid_t tcgetpgrp(int fildes);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/tcgetpgrp.html
    // Our only process always runs with group ID 0.
    return 0;
  },
  tcsetpgrp__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  tcsetpgrp: function(fildes, pgid_id) {
    // int tcsetpgrp(int fildes, pid_t pgid_id);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/tcsetpgrp.html
    // We don't support multiple processes or groups with ID other than 0.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
    return -1;
  },
  sysconf__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  sysconf: function(name) {
    // long sysconf(int name);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/sysconf.html
    switch(name) {
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_PAGE_SIZE') }}}: return PAGE_SIZE;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_ADVISORY_INFO') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_BARRIERS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_ASYNCHRONOUS_IO') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_CLOCK_SELECTION') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_CPUTIME') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_FSYNC') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_IPV6') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_MAPPED_FILES') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_MEMLOCK') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_MEMLOCK_RANGE') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_MEMORY_PROTECTION') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_MESSAGE_PASSING') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_MONOTONIC_CLOCK') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_PRIORITIZED_IO') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_RAW_SOCKETS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_READER_WRITER_LOCKS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_REALTIME_SIGNALS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_SEMAPHORES') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_SHARED_MEMORY_OBJECTS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_SPAWN') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_SPIN_LOCKS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_SYNCHRONIZED_IO') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_THREAD_ATTR_STACKADDR') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_THREAD_CPUTIME') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_THREADS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_TIMEOUTS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_TIMERS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_VERSION') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_C_BIND') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_C_DEV') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_CHAR_TERM') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_LOCALEDEF') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_SW_DEV') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_VERSION') }}}:
        return 200809;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_MQ_OPEN_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_XOPEN_STREAMS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_XBS5_LP64_OFF64') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_XBS5_LPBIG_OFFBIG') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_AIO_LISTIO_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_AIO_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_SPORADIC_SERVER') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_THREAD_SPORADIC_SERVER') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_TRACE') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_TRACE_EVENT_FILTER') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_TRACE_EVENT_NAME_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_TRACE_INHERIT') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_TRACE_LOG') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_TRACE_NAME_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_TRACE_SYS_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_TRACE_USER_EVENT_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_TYPED_MEMORY_OBJECTS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_V6_LP64_OFF64') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_V6_LPBIG_OFFBIG') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_FORT_DEV') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_FORT_RUN') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_PBS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_PBS_ACCOUNTING') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_PBS_CHECKPOINT') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_PBS_LOCATE') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_PBS_MESSAGE') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_PBS_TRACK') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_2_UPE') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_THREAD_THREADS_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_SEM_NSEMS_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_SYMLOOP_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_TIMER_MAX') }}}:
        return -1;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_V6_ILP32_OFF32') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_V6_ILP32_OFFBIG') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_JOB_CONTROL') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_REGEXP') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_SAVED_IDS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_SHELL') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_XBS5_ILP32_OFF32') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_XBS5_ILP32_OFFBIG') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_XOPEN_CRYPT') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_XOPEN_ENH_I18N') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_XOPEN_LEGACY') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_XOPEN_REALTIME') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_XOPEN_REALTIME_THREADS') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_XOPEN_SHM') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_XOPEN_UNIX') }}}:
        return 1;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_THREAD_KEYS_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_IOV_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_OPEN_MAX') }}}:
        return 1024;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_RTSIG_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_EXPR_NEST_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_TTY_NAME_MAX') }}}:
        return 32;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_ATEXIT_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_DELAYTIMER_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_SEM_VALUE_MAX') }}}:
        return 2147483647;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_SIGQUEUE_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_CHILD_MAX') }}}:
        return 47839;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_BC_SCALE_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_BC_BASE_MAX') }}}:
        return 99;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_LINE_MAX') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_BC_DIM_MAX') }}}:
        return 2048;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_ARG_MAX') }}}: return 2097152;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_NGROUPS_MAX') }}}: return 65536;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_MQ_PRIO_MAX') }}}: return 32768;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_RE_DUP_MAX') }}}: return 32767;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_THREAD_STACK_MIN') }}}: return 16384;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_BC_STRING_MAX') }}}: return 1000;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_XOPEN_VERSION') }}}: return 700;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_LOGIN_NAME_MAX') }}}: return 256;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX') }}}: return 255;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_CLK_TCK') }}}: return 100;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_HOST_NAME_MAX') }}}: return 64;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_AIO_PRIO_DELTA_MAX') }}}: return 20;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_STREAM_MAX') }}}: return 16;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_TZNAME_MAX') }}}: return 6;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_THREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS') }}}: return 4;
      case {{{ cDefine('_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN') }}}: return 1;
    }
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
    return -1;
  },
  sbrk: function(bytes) {
    // Implement a Linux-like 'memory area' for our 'process'.
    // Changes the size of the memory area by |bytes|; returns the
    // address of the previous top ('break') of the memory area
    // We control the "dynamic" memory - DYNAMIC_BASE to DYNAMICTOP
    var self = _sbrk;
    if (!self.called) {
      DYNAMICTOP = alignMemoryPage(DYNAMICTOP); // make sure we start out aligned
      self.called = true;
      assert(Runtime.dynamicAlloc);
      self.alloc = Runtime.dynamicAlloc;
      Runtime.dynamicAlloc = function() { abort('cannot dynamically allocate, sbrk now has control') };
    }
    var ret = DYNAMICTOP;
    if (bytes != 0) self.alloc(bytes);
    return ret;  // Previous break location.
  },
  open64: 'open',
  lseek64: 'lseek',
  ftruncate64: 'ftruncate',
  __01open64_: 'open',
  __01lseek64_: 'lseek',
  __01truncate64_: 'truncate',
  __01ftruncate64_: 'ftruncate',
  // TODO: Check if any other aliases are needed.

  // ==========================================================================
  // stdio.h
  // ==========================================================================

  _isFloat: function(text) {
    return !!(/^[+-]?[0-9]*\.?[0-9]+([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?$/.exec(text));
  },

  // TODO: Document.
  _scanString__deps: ['_isFloat'],
  _scanString: function(format, get, unget, varargs) {
    if (!__scanString.whiteSpace) {
      __scanString.whiteSpace = {};
      __scanString.whiteSpace[{{{ charCode(' ') }}}] = 1;
      __scanString.whiteSpace[{{{ charCode('\t') }}}] = 1;
      __scanString.whiteSpace[{{{ charCode('\n') }}}] = 1;
      __scanString.whiteSpace[{{{ charCode('\v') }}}] = 1;
      __scanString.whiteSpace[{{{ charCode('\f') }}}] = 1;
      __scanString.whiteSpace[{{{ charCode('\r') }}}] = 1;
      __scanString.whiteSpace[' '] = 1;
      __scanString.whiteSpace['\t'] = 1;
      __scanString.whiteSpace['\n'] = 1;
      __scanString.whiteSpace['\v'] = 1;
      __scanString.whiteSpace['\f'] = 1;
      __scanString.whiteSpace['\r'] = 1;
    }
    // Supports %x, %4x, %d.%d, %lld, %s, %f, %lf.
    // TODO: Support all format specifiers.
    format = Pointer_stringify(format);
    var soFar = 0;
    if (format.indexOf('%n') >= 0) {
      // need to track soFar
      var _get = get;
      get = function() {
        soFar++;
        return _get();
      }
      var _unget = unget;
      unget = function() {
        soFar--;
        return _unget();
      }
    }
    var formatIndex = 0;
    var argsi = 0;
    var fields = 0;
    var argIndex = 0;
    var next;

    mainLoop:
    for (var formatIndex = 0; formatIndex < format.length;) {
      if (format[formatIndex] === '%' && format[formatIndex+1] == 'n') {
        var argPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', 'argIndex', 'void*') }}};
        argIndex += Runtime.getAlignSize('void*', null, true);
        {{{ makeSetValue('argPtr', 0, 'soFar', 'i32') }}};
        formatIndex += 2;
        continue;
      }

      if (format[formatIndex] === '%') {
        var nextC = format.indexOf('c', formatIndex+1);
        if (nextC > 0) {
          var maxx = 1;
          if (nextC > formatIndex+1) {
            var sub = format.substring(formatIndex+1, nextC)
            maxx = parseInt(sub);
            if (maxx != sub) maxx = 0;
          }
          if (maxx) {
            var argPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', 'argIndex', 'void*') }}};
            argIndex += Runtime.getAlignSize('void*', null, true);
            fields++;
            for (var i = 0; i < maxx; i++) {
              next = get();
              {{{ makeSetValue('argPtr++', 0, 'next', 'i8') }}};
            }
            formatIndex += nextC - formatIndex + 1;
            continue;
          }
        }
      }

      // remove whitespace
      while (1) {
        next = get();
        if (next == 0) return fields;
        if (!(next in __scanString.whiteSpace)) break;
      }
      unget();

      if (format[formatIndex] === '%') {
        formatIndex++;
        var suppressAssignment = false;
        if (format[formatIndex] == '*') {
          suppressAssignment = true;
          formatIndex++;
        }
        var maxSpecifierStart = formatIndex;
        while (format[formatIndex].charCodeAt(0) >= {{{ charCode('0') }}} &&
               format[formatIndex].charCodeAt(0) <= {{{ charCode('9') }}}) {
          formatIndex++;
        }
        var max_;
        if (formatIndex != maxSpecifierStart) {
          max_ = parseInt(format.slice(maxSpecifierStart, formatIndex), 10);
        }
        var long_ = false;
        var half = false;
        var longLong = false;
        if (format[formatIndex] == 'l') {
          long_ = true;
          formatIndex++;
          if (format[formatIndex] == 'l') {
            longLong = true;
            formatIndex++;
          }
        } else if (format[formatIndex] == 'h') {
          half = true;
          formatIndex++;
        }
        var type = format[formatIndex];
        formatIndex++;
        var curr = 0;
        var buffer = [];
        // Read characters according to the format. floats are trickier, they may be in an unfloat state in the middle, then be a valid float later
        if (type == 'f' || type == 'e' || type == 'g' ||
            type == 'F' || type == 'E' || type == 'G') {
          var last = 0;
          next = get();
          while (next > 0) {
            buffer.push(String.fromCharCode(next));
            if (__isFloat(buffer.join(''))) {
              last = buffer.length;
            }
            next = get();
          }
          for (var i = 0; i < buffer.length - last + 1; i++) {
            unget();
          }
          buffer.length = last;
        } else {
          next = get();
          var first = true;
          while ((curr < max_ || isNaN(max_)) && next > 0) {
            if (!(next in __scanString.whiteSpace) && // stop on whitespace
                (type == 's' ||
                 ((type === 'd' || type == 'u' || type == 'i') && ((next >= {{{ charCode('0') }}} && next <= {{{ charCode('9') }}}) ||
                                                                   (first && next == {{{ charCode('-') }}}))) ||
                 ((type === 'x' || type === 'X') && (next >= {{{ charCode('0') }}} && next <= {{{ charCode('9') }}} ||
                                   next >= {{{ charCode('a') }}} && next <= {{{ charCode('f') }}} ||
                                   next >= {{{ charCode('A') }}} && next <= {{{ charCode('F') }}}))) &&
                (formatIndex >= format.length || next !== format[formatIndex].charCodeAt(0))) { // Stop when we read something that is coming up
              buffer.push(String.fromCharCode(next));
              next = get();
              curr++;
              first = false;
            } else {
              break;
            }
          }
          unget();
        }
        if (buffer.length === 0) return 0;  // Failure.
        if (suppressAssignment) continue;

        var text = buffer.join('');
        var argPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', 'argIndex', 'void*') }}};
        argIndex += Runtime.getAlignSize('void*', null, true);
        switch (type) {
          case 'd': case 'u': case 'i':
            if (half) {
              {{{ makeSetValue('argPtr', 0, 'parseInt(text, 10)', 'i16') }}};
            } else if (longLong) {
              {{{ makeSetValue('argPtr', 0, 'parseInt(text, 10)', 'i64') }}};
            } else {
              {{{ makeSetValue('argPtr', 0, 'parseInt(text, 10)', 'i32') }}};
            }
            break;
          case 'X':
          case 'x':
            {{{ makeSetValue('argPtr', 0, 'parseInt(text, 16)', 'i32') }}}
            break;
          case 'F':
          case 'f':
          case 'E':
          case 'e':
          case 'G':
          case 'g':
          case 'E':
            // fallthrough intended
            if (long_) {
              {{{ makeSetValue('argPtr', 0, 'parseFloat(text)', 'double') }}}
            } else {
              {{{ makeSetValue('argPtr', 0, 'parseFloat(text)', 'float') }}}
            }
            break;
          case 's':
            var array = intArrayFromString(text);
            for (var j = 0; j < array.length; j++) {
              {{{ makeSetValue('argPtr', 'j', 'array[j]', 'i8') }}}
            }
            break;
        }
        fields++;
      } else if (format[formatIndex] in __scanString.whiteSpace) {
        next = get();
        while (next in __scanString.whiteSpace) {
          if (next <= 0) break mainLoop;  // End of input.
          next = get();
        }
        unget(next);
        formatIndex++;
      } else {
        // Not a specifier.
        next = get();
        if (format[formatIndex].charCodeAt(0) !== next) {
          unget(next);
          break mainLoop;
        }
        formatIndex++;
      }
    }
    return fields;
  },
  // Performs printf-style formatting.
  //   format: A pointer to the format string.
  //   varargs: A pointer to the start of the arguments list.
  // Returns the resulting string string as a character array.
  _formatString__deps: ['strlen', '_reallyNegative'],
  _formatString: function(format, varargs) {
    var textIndex = format;
    var argIndex = 0;
    function getNextArg(type) {
      // NOTE: Explicitly ignoring type safety. Otherwise this fails:
      //       int x = 4; printf("%c\n", (char)x);
      var ret;
      if (type === 'double') {
        ret = {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', 'argIndex', 'double', undefined, undefined, true) }}};
#if USE_TYPED_ARRAYS == 2
      } else if (type == 'i64') {

#if TARGET_LE32
        ret = [{{{ makeGetValue('varargs', 'argIndex', 'i32', undefined, undefined, true) }}},
               {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', 'argIndex+8', 'i32', undefined, undefined, true) }}}];
        argIndex += {{{ STACK_ALIGN }}}; // each 32-bit chunk is in a 64-bit block
#else
        ret = [{{{ makeGetValue('varargs', 'argIndex', 'i32', undefined, undefined, true) }}},
               {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', 'argIndex+4', 'i32', undefined, undefined, true) }}}];
#endif

#else
      } else if (type == 'i64') {
        ret = {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', 'argIndex', 'i64', undefined, undefined, true) }}};
#endif
      } else {
        type = 'i32'; // varargs are always i32, i64, or double
        ret = {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', 'argIndex', 'i32', undefined, undefined, true) }}};
      }
      argIndex += Math.max(Runtime.getNativeFieldSize(type), Runtime.getAlignSize(type, null, true));
      return ret;
    }

    var ret = [];
    var curr, next, currArg;
    while(1) {
      var startTextIndex = textIndex;
      curr = {{{ makeGetValue(0, 'textIndex', 'i8') }}};
      if (curr === 0) break;
      next = {{{ makeGetValue(0, 'textIndex+1', 'i8') }}};
      if (curr == {{{ charCode('%') }}}) {
        // Handle flags.
        var flagAlwaysSigned = false;
        var flagLeftAlign = false;
        var flagAlternative = false;
        var flagZeroPad = false;
        flagsLoop: while (1) {
          switch (next) {
            case {{{ charCode('+') }}}:
              flagAlwaysSigned = true;
              break;
            case {{{ charCode('-') }}}:
              flagLeftAlign = true;
              break;
            case {{{ charCode('#') }}}:
              flagAlternative = true;
              break;
            case {{{ charCode('0') }}}:
              if (flagZeroPad) {
                break flagsLoop;
              } else {
                flagZeroPad = true;
                break;
              }
            default:
              break flagsLoop;
          }
          textIndex++;
          next = {{{ makeGetValue(0, 'textIndex+1', 'i8') }}};
        }

        // Handle width.
        var width = 0;
        if (next == {{{ charCode('*') }}}) {
          width = getNextArg('i32');
          textIndex++;
          next = {{{ makeGetValue(0, 'textIndex+1', 'i8') }}};
        } else {
          while (next >= {{{ charCode('0') }}} && next <= {{{ charCode('9') }}}) {
            width = width * 10 + (next - {{{ charCode('0') }}});
            textIndex++;
            next = {{{ makeGetValue(0, 'textIndex+1', 'i8') }}};
          }
        }

        // Handle precision.
        var precisionSet = false;
        if (next == {{{ charCode('.') }}}) {
          var precision = 0;
          precisionSet = true;
          textIndex++;
          next = {{{ makeGetValue(0, 'textIndex+1', 'i8') }}};
          if (next == {{{ charCode('*') }}}) {
            precision = getNextArg('i32');
            textIndex++;
          } else {
            while(1) {
              var precisionChr = {{{ makeGetValue(0, 'textIndex+1', 'i8') }}};
              if (precisionChr < {{{ charCode('0') }}} ||
                  precisionChr > {{{ charCode('9') }}}) break;
              precision = precision * 10 + (precisionChr - {{{ charCode('0') }}});
              textIndex++;
            }
          }
          next = {{{ makeGetValue(0, 'textIndex+1', 'i8') }}};
        } else {
          var precision = 6; // Standard default.
        }

        // Handle integer sizes. WARNING: These assume a 32-bit architecture!
        var argSize;
        switch (String.fromCharCode(next)) {
          case 'h':
            var nextNext = {{{ makeGetValue(0, 'textIndex+2', 'i8') }}};
            if (nextNext == {{{ charCode('h') }}}) {
              textIndex++;
              argSize = 1; // char (actually i32 in varargs)
            } else {
              argSize = 2; // short (actually i32 in varargs)
            }
            break;
          case 'l':
            var nextNext = {{{ makeGetValue(0, 'textIndex+2', 'i8') }}};
            if (nextNext == {{{ charCode('l') }}}) {
              textIndex++;
              argSize = 8; // long long
            } else {
              argSize = 4; // long
            }
            break;
          case 'L': // long long
          case 'q': // int64_t
          case 'j': // intmax_t
            argSize = 8;
            break;
          case 'z': // size_t
          case 't': // ptrdiff_t
          case 'I': // signed ptrdiff_t or unsigned size_t
            argSize = 4;
            break;
          default:
            argSize = null;
        }
        if (argSize) textIndex++;
        next = {{{ makeGetValue(0, 'textIndex+1', 'i8') }}};

        // Handle type specifier.
        switch (String.fromCharCode(next)) {
          case 'd': case 'i': case 'u': case 'o': case 'x': case 'X': case 'p': {
            // Integer.
            var signed = next == {{{ charCode('d') }}} || next == {{{ charCode('i') }}};
            argSize = argSize || 4;
            var currArg = getNextArg('i' + (argSize * 8));
#if PRECISE_I64_MATH
            var origArg = currArg;
#endif
            var argText;
#if USE_TYPED_ARRAYS == 2
            // Flatten i64-1 [low, high] into a (slightly rounded) double
            if (argSize == 8) {
              currArg = Runtime.makeBigInt(currArg[0], currArg[1], next == {{{ charCode('u') }}});
            }
#endif
            // Truncate to requested size.
            if (argSize <= 4) {
              var limit = Math.pow(256, argSize) - 1;
              currArg = (signed ? reSign : unSign)(currArg & limit, argSize * 8);
            }
            // Format the number.
            var currAbsArg = Math.abs(currArg);
            var prefix = '';
            if (next == {{{ charCode('d') }}} || next == {{{ charCode('i') }}}) {
#if PRECISE_I64_MATH
              if (argSize == 8 && i64Math) argText = i64Math.stringify(origArg[0], origArg[1], null); else
#endif
              argText = reSign(currArg, 8 * argSize, 1).toString(10);
            } else if (next == {{{ charCode('u') }}}) {
#if PRECISE_I64_MATH
              if (argSize == 8 && i64Math) argText = i64Math.stringify(origArg[0], origArg[1], true); else
#endif
              argText = unSign(currArg, 8 * argSize, 1).toString(10);
              currArg = Math.abs(currArg);
            } else if (next == {{{ charCode('o') }}}) {
              argText = (flagAlternative ? '0' : '') + currAbsArg.toString(8);
            } else if (next == {{{ charCode('x') }}} || next == {{{ charCode('X') }}}) {
              prefix = (flagAlternative && currArg != 0) ? '0x' : '';
#if PRECISE_I64_MATH
              if (argSize == 8 && i64Math) {
                if (origArg[1]) {
                  argText = (origArg[1]>>>0).toString(16);
                  var lower = (origArg[0]>>>0).toString(16);
                  while (lower.length < 8) lower = '0' + lower;
                  argText += lower;
                } else {
                  argText = (origArg[0]>>>0).toString(16);
                }
              } else
#endif
              if (currArg < 0) {
                // Represent negative numbers in hex as 2's complement.
                currArg = -currArg;
                argText = (currAbsArg - 1).toString(16);
                var buffer = [];
                for (var i = 0; i < argText.length; i++) {
                  buffer.push((0xF - parseInt(argText[i], 16)).toString(16));
                }
                argText = buffer.join('');
                while (argText.length < argSize * 2) argText = 'f' + argText;
              } else {
                argText = currAbsArg.toString(16);
              }
              if (next == {{{ charCode('X') }}}) {
                prefix = prefix.toUpperCase();
                argText = argText.toUpperCase();
              }
            } else if (next == {{{ charCode('p') }}}) {
              if (currAbsArg === 0) {
                argText = '(nil)';
              } else {
                prefix = '0x';
                argText = currAbsArg.toString(16);
              }
            }
            if (precisionSet) {
              while (argText.length < precision) {
                argText = '0' + argText;
              }
            }

            // Add sign if needed
            if (flagAlwaysSigned) {
              if (currArg < 0) {
                prefix = '-' + prefix;
              } else {
                prefix = '+' + prefix;
              }
            }

            // Add padding.
            while (prefix.length + argText.length < width) {
              if (flagLeftAlign) {
                argText += ' ';
              } else {
                if (flagZeroPad) {
                  argText = '0' + argText;
                } else {
                  prefix = ' ' + prefix;
                }
              }
            }

            // Insert the result into the buffer.
            argText = prefix + argText;
            argText.split('').forEach(function(chr) {
              ret.push(chr.charCodeAt(0));
            });
            break;
          }
          case 'f': case 'F': case 'e': case 'E': case 'g': case 'G': {
            // Float.
            var currArg = getNextArg('double');
            var argText;
            if (isNaN(currArg)) {
              argText = 'nan';
              flagZeroPad = false;
            } else if (!isFinite(currArg)) {
              argText = (currArg < 0 ? '-' : '') + 'inf';
              flagZeroPad = false;
            } else {
              var isGeneral = false;
              var effectivePrecision = Math.min(precision, 20);

              // Convert g/G to f/F or e/E, as per:
              // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/printf.html
              if (next == {{{ charCode('g') }}} || next == {{{ charCode('G') }}}) {
                isGeneral = true;
                precision = precision || 1;
                var exponent = parseInt(currArg.toExponential(effectivePrecision).split('e')[1], 10);
                if (precision > exponent && exponent >= -4) {
                  next = ((next == {{{ charCode('g') }}}) ? 'f' : 'F').charCodeAt(0);
                  precision -= exponent + 1;
                } else {
                  next = ((next == {{{ charCode('g') }}}) ? 'e' : 'E').charCodeAt(0);
                  precision--;
                }
                effectivePrecision = Math.min(precision, 20);
              }

              if (next == {{{ charCode('e') }}} || next == {{{ charCode('E') }}}) {
                argText = currArg.toExponential(effectivePrecision);
                // Make sure the exponent has at least 2 digits.
                if (/[eE][-+]\d$/.test(argText)) {
                  argText = argText.slice(0, -1) + '0' + argText.slice(-1);
                }
              } else if (next == {{{ charCode('f') }}} || next == {{{ charCode('F') }}}) {
                argText = currArg.toFixed(effectivePrecision);
                if (currArg === 0 && __reallyNegative(currArg)) {
                  argText = '-' + argText;
                }
              }

              var parts = argText.split('e');
              if (isGeneral && !flagAlternative) {
                // Discard trailing zeros and periods.
                while (parts[0].length > 1 && parts[0].indexOf('.') != -1 &&
                       (parts[0].slice(-1) == '0' || parts[0].slice(-1) == '.')) {
                  parts[0] = parts[0].slice(0, -1);
                }
              } else {
                // Make sure we have a period in alternative mode.
                if (flagAlternative && argText.indexOf('.') == -1) parts[0] += '.';
                // Zero pad until required precision.
                while (precision > effectivePrecision++) parts[0] += '0';
              }
              argText = parts[0] + (parts.length > 1 ? 'e' + parts[1] : '');

              // Capitalize 'E' if needed.
              if (next == {{{ charCode('E') }}}) argText = argText.toUpperCase();

              // Add sign.
              if (flagAlwaysSigned && currArg >= 0) {
                argText = '+' + argText;
              }
            }

            // Add padding.
            while (argText.length < width) {
              if (flagLeftAlign) {
                argText += ' ';
              } else {
                if (flagZeroPad && (argText[0] == '-' || argText[0] == '+')) {
                  argText = argText[0] + '0' + argText.slice(1);
                } else {
                  argText = (flagZeroPad ? '0' : ' ') + argText;
                }
              }
            }

            // Adjust case.
            if (next < {{{ charCode('a') }}}) argText = argText.toUpperCase();

            // Insert the result into the buffer.
            argText.split('').forEach(function(chr) {
              ret.push(chr.charCodeAt(0));
            });
            break;
          }
          case 's': {
            // String.
            var arg = getNextArg('i8*');
            var argLength = arg ? _strlen(arg) : '(null)'.length;
            if (precisionSet) argLength = Math.min(argLength, precision);
            if (!flagLeftAlign) {
              while (argLength < width--) {
                ret.push({{{ charCode(' ') }}});
              }
            }
            if (arg) {
              for (var i = 0; i < argLength; i++) {
                ret.push({{{ makeGetValue('arg++', 0, 'i8', null, true) }}});
              }
            } else {
              ret = ret.concat(intArrayFromString('(null)'.substr(0, argLength), true));
            }
            if (flagLeftAlign) {
              while (argLength < width--) {
                ret.push({{{ charCode(' ') }}});
              }
            }
            break;
          }
          case 'c': {
            // Character.
            if (flagLeftAlign) ret.push(getNextArg('i8'));
            while (--width > 0) {
              ret.push({{{ charCode(' ') }}});
            }
            if (!flagLeftAlign) ret.push(getNextArg('i8'));
            break;
          }
          case 'n': {
            // Write the length written so far to the next parameter.
            var ptr = getNextArg('i32*');
            {{{ makeSetValue('ptr', '0', 'ret.length', 'i32') }}}
            break;
          }
          case '%': {
            // Literal percent sign.
            ret.push(curr);
            break;
          }
          default: {
            // Unknown specifiers remain untouched.
            for (var i = startTextIndex; i < textIndex + 2; i++) {
              ret.push({{{ makeGetValue(0, 'i', 'i8') }}});
            }
          }
        }
        textIndex += 2;
        // TODO: Support a/A (hex float) and m (last error) specifiers.
        // TODO: Support %1${specifier} for arg selection.
      } else {
        ret.push(curr);
        textIndex += 1;
      }
    }
    return ret;
  },
  // NOTE: Invalid stream pointers passed to these functions would cause a crash
  //       in native code. We, on the other hand, just ignore them, since it's
  //       easier.
  clearerr__deps: ['$FS'],
  clearerr: function(stream) {
    // void clearerr(FILE *stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/clearerr.html
    if (FS.streams[stream]) FS.streams[stream].error = false;
  },
  fclose__deps: ['close', 'fsync'],
  fclose: function(stream) {
    // int fclose(FILE *stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fclose.html
    _fsync(stream);
    return _close(stream);
  },
  fdopen__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  fdopen: function(fildes, mode) {
    // FILE *fdopen(int fildes, const char *mode);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fdopen.html
    if (FS.streams[fildes]) {
      var stream = FS.streams[fildes];
      mode = Pointer_stringify(mode);
      if ((mode.indexOf('w') != -1 && !stream.isWrite) ||
          (mode.indexOf('r') != -1 && !stream.isRead) ||
          (mode.indexOf('a') != -1 && !stream.isAppend) ||
          (mode.indexOf('+') != -1 && (!stream.isRead || !stream.isWrite))) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
        return 0;
      } else {
        stream.error = false;
        stream.eof = false;
        return fildes;
      }
    } else {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return 0;
    }
  },
  feof__deps: ['$FS'],
  feof: function(stream) {
    // int feof(FILE *stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/feof.html
    return Number(FS.streams[stream] && FS.streams[stream].eof);
  },
  ferror__deps: ['$FS'],
  ferror: function(stream) {
    // int ferror(FILE *stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/ferror.html
    return Number(FS.streams[stream] && FS.streams[stream].error);
  },
  fflush__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  fflush: function(stream) {
    // int fflush(FILE *stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fflush.html
    var flush = function(filedes) {
      // Right now we write all data directly, except for output devices.
      if (FS.streams[filedes] && FS.streams[filedes].object.output) {
        if (!FS.streams[filedes].object.isTerminal) { // don't flush terminals, it would cause a \n to also appear
          FS.streams[filedes].object.output(null);
        }
      }
    };
    try {
      if (stream === 0) {
        for (var i = 0; i < FS.streams.length; i++) if (FS.streams[i]) flush(i);
      } else {
        flush(stream);
      }
      return 0;
    } catch (e) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EIO);
      return -1;
    }
  },
  fgetc__deps: ['$FS', 'fread'],
  fgetc__postset: '_fgetc.ret = allocate([0], "i8", ALLOC_STATIC);',
  fgetc: function(stream) {
    // int fgetc(FILE *stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fgetc.html
    if (!FS.streams[stream]) return -1;
    var streamObj = FS.streams[stream];
    if (streamObj.eof || streamObj.error) return -1;
    var ret = _fread(_fgetc.ret, 1, 1, stream);
    if (ret == 0) {
      streamObj.eof = true;
      return -1;
    } else if (ret == -1) {
      streamObj.error = true;
      return -1;
    } else {
      return {{{ makeGetValue('_fgetc.ret', '0', 'i8', null, 1) }}};
    }
  },
  getc: 'fgetc',
  getc_unlocked: 'fgetc',
  getchar__deps: ['fgetc', 'stdin'],
  getchar: function() {
    // int getchar(void);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/getchar.html
    return _fgetc({{{ makeGetValue(makeGlobalUse('_stdin'), '0', 'void*') }}});
  },
  fgetpos__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  fgetpos: function(stream, pos) {
    // int fgetpos(FILE *restrict stream, fpos_t *restrict pos);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fgetpos.html
    if (FS.streams[stream]) {
      stream = FS.streams[stream];
      if (stream.object.isDevice) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ESPIPE);
        return -1;
      } else {
        {{{ makeSetValue('pos', '0', 'stream.position', 'i32') }}}
        var state = (stream.eof ? 1 : 0) + (stream.error ? 2 : 0);
        {{{ makeSetValue('pos', Runtime.getNativeTypeSize('i32'), 'state', 'i32') }}}
        return 0;
      }
    } else {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    }
  },
  fgets__deps: ['fgetc'],
  fgets: function(s, n, stream) {
    // char *fgets(char *restrict s, int n, FILE *restrict stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fgets.html
    if (!FS.streams[stream]) return 0;
    var streamObj = FS.streams[stream];
    if (streamObj.error || streamObj.eof) return 0;
    var byte_;
    for (var i = 0; i < n - 1 && byte_ != {{{ charCode('\n') }}}; i++) {
      byte_ = _fgetc(stream);
      if (byte_ == -1) {
        if (streamObj.error || (streamObj.eof && i == 0)) return 0;
        else if (streamObj.eof) break;
      }
      {{{ makeSetValue('s', 'i', 'byte_', 'i8') }}}
    }
    {{{ makeSetValue('s', 'i', '0', 'i8') }}}
    return s;
  },
  gets__deps: ['fgets'],
  gets: function(s) {
    // char *gets(char *s);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/gets.html
    return _fgets(s, 1e6, {{{ makeGetValue(makeGlobalUse('_stdin'), '0', 'void*') }}});
  },
  fileno: function(stream) {
    // int fileno(FILE *stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fileno.html
    // We use file descriptor numbers and FILE* streams interchangeably.
    return stream;
  },
  ftrylockfile: function() {
    // int ftrylockfile(FILE *file);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/flockfile.html
    // Locking is useless in a single-threaded environment. Pretend to succeed.
    return 0;
  },
  flockfile: 'ftrylockfile',
  funlockfile: 'ftrylockfile',
  fopen__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', 'open'],
  fopen: function(filename, mode) {
    // FILE *fopen(const char *restrict filename, const char *restrict mode);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fopen.html
    var flags;
    mode = Pointer_stringify(mode);
    if (mode[0] == 'r') {
      if (mode.indexOf('+') != -1) {
        flags = {{{ cDefine('O_RDWR') }}};
      } else {
        flags = {{{ cDefine('O_RDONLY') }}};
      }
    } else if (mode[0] == 'w') {
      if (mode.indexOf('+') != -1) {
        flags = {{{ cDefine('O_RDWR') }}};
      } else {
        flags = {{{ cDefine('O_WRONLY') }}};
      }
      flags |= {{{ cDefine('O_CREAT') }}};
      flags |= {{{ cDefine('O_TRUNC') }}};
    } else if (mode[0] == 'a') {
      if (mode.indexOf('+') != -1) {
        flags = {{{ cDefine('O_RDWR') }}};
      } else {
        flags = {{{ cDefine('O_WRONLY') }}};
      }
      flags |= {{{ cDefine('O_CREAT') }}};
      flags |= {{{ cDefine('O_APPEND') }}};
    } else {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return 0;
    }
    var ret = _open(filename, flags, allocate([0x1FF, 0, 0, 0], 'i32', ALLOC_STACK));  // All creation permissions.
    return (ret == -1) ? 0 : ret;
  },
  fputc__deps: ['$FS', 'write'],
  fputc__postset: '_fputc.ret = allocate([0], "i8", ALLOC_STATIC);',
  fputc: function(c, stream) {
    // int fputc(int c, FILE *stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fputc.html
    var chr = unSign(c & 0xFF);
    {{{ makeSetValue('_fputc.ret', '0', 'chr', 'i8') }}}
    var ret = _write(stream, _fputc.ret, 1);
    if (ret == -1) {
      if (FS.streams[stream]) FS.streams[stream].error = true;
      return -1;
    } else {
      return chr;
    }
  },
  putc: 'fputc',
  putc_unlocked: 'fputc',
  putchar__deps: ['fputc', 'stdout'],
  putchar: function(c) {
    // int putchar(int c);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/putchar.html
    return _fputc(c, {{{ makeGetValue(makeGlobalUse('_stdout'), '0', 'void*') }}});
  },
  putchar_unlocked: 'putchar',
  fputs__deps: ['write', 'strlen'],
  fputs: function(s, stream) {
    // int fputs(const char *restrict s, FILE *restrict stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fputs.html
    return _write(stream, s, _strlen(s));
  },
  puts__deps: ['fputs', 'fputc', 'stdout'],
  puts: function(s) {
    // int puts(const char *s);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/puts.html
    // NOTE: puts() always writes an extra newline.
    var stdout = {{{ makeGetValue(makeGlobalUse('_stdout'), '0', 'void*') }}};
    var ret = _fputs(s, stdout);
    if (ret < 0) {
      return ret;
    } else {
      var newlineRet = _fputc({{{ charCode('\n') }}}, stdout);
      return (newlineRet < 0) ? -1 : ret + 1;
    }
  },
  fread__deps: ['$FS', 'read'],
  fread: function(ptr, size, nitems, stream) {
    // size_t fread(void *restrict ptr, size_t size, size_t nitems, FILE *restrict stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fread.html
    var bytesToRead = nitems * size;
    if (bytesToRead == 0) {
      return 0;
    }
    var bytesRead = 0;
    var streamObj = FS.streams[stream];
    while (streamObj.ungotten.length && bytesToRead > 0) {
      {{{ makeSetValue('ptr++', '0', 'streamObj.ungotten.pop()', 'i8') }}}
      bytesToRead--;
      bytesRead++;
    }
    var err = _read(stream, ptr, bytesToRead);
    if (err == -1) {
      if (streamObj) streamObj.error = true;
      return 0;
    }
    bytesRead += err;
    if (bytesRead < bytesToRead) streamObj.eof = true;
    return Math.floor(bytesRead / size);
  },
  freopen__deps: ['$FS', 'fclose', 'fopen', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  freopen: function(filename, mode, stream) {
    // FILE *freopen(const char *restrict filename, const char *restrict mode, FILE *restrict stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/freopen.html
    if (!filename) {
      if (!FS.streams[stream]) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
        return 0;
      }
      if (_freopen.buffer) _free(_freopen.buffer);
      filename = intArrayFromString(FS.streams[stream].path);
      filename = allocate(filename, 'i8', ALLOC_NORMAL);
    }
    _fclose(stream);
    return _fopen(filename, mode);
  },
  fseek__deps: ['$FS', 'lseek'],
  fseek: function(stream, offset, whence) {
    // int fseek(FILE *stream, long offset, int whence);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fseek.html
    var ret = _lseek(stream, offset, whence);
    if (ret == -1) {
      return -1;
    } else {
      FS.streams[stream].eof = false;
      return 0;
    }
  },
  fseeko: 'fseek',
  fseeko64: 'fseek',
  fsetpos__deps: ['$FS', 'lseek', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  fsetpos: function(stream, pos) {
    // int fsetpos(FILE *stream, const fpos_t *pos);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fsetpos.html
    if (FS.streams[stream]) {
      if (FS.streams[stream].object.isDevice) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EPIPE);
        return -1;
      } else {
        FS.streams[stream].position = {{{ makeGetValue('pos', '0', 'i32') }}};
        var state = {{{ makeGetValue('pos', Runtime.getNativeTypeSize('i32'), 'i32') }}};
        FS.streams[stream].eof = Boolean(state & 1);
        FS.streams[stream].error = Boolean(state & 2);
        return 0;
      }
    } else {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    }
  },
  ftell__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  ftell: function(stream) {
    // long ftell(FILE *stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/ftell.html
    if (FS.streams[stream]) {
      stream = FS.streams[stream];
      if (stream.object.isDevice) {
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ESPIPE);
        return -1;
      } else {
        return stream.position;
      }
    } else {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    }
  },
  ftello: 'ftell',
  ftello64: 'ftell',
  fwrite__deps: ['$FS', 'write'],
  fwrite: function(ptr, size, nitems, stream) {
    // size_t fwrite(const void *restrict ptr, size_t size, size_t nitems, FILE *restrict stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fwrite.html
    var bytesToWrite = nitems * size;
    if (bytesToWrite == 0) return 0;
    var bytesWritten = _write(stream, ptr, bytesToWrite);
    if (bytesWritten == -1) {
      if (FS.streams[stream]) FS.streams[stream].error = true;
      return 0;
    } else {
      return Math.floor(bytesWritten / size);
    }
  },
  popen__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  popen: function(command, mode) {
    // FILE *popen(const char *command, const char *mode);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/popen.html
    // We allow only one process, so no pipes.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EMFILE);
    return 0;
  },
  pclose__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  pclose: function(stream) {
    // int pclose(FILE *stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/pclose.html
    // We allow only one process, so no pipes.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ECHILD);
    return -1;
  },
  perror__deps: ['puts', 'fputs', 'fputc', 'strerror', '__errno_location'],
  perror: function(s) {
    // void perror(const char *s);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/perror.html
    var stdout = {{{ makeGetValue(makeGlobalUse('_stdout'), '0', 'void*') }}};
    if (s) {
      _fputs(s, stdout);
      _fputc({{{ charCode(':') }}}, stdout);
      _fputc({{{ charCode(' ') }}}, stdout);
    }
    var errnum = {{{ makeGetValue('___errno_location()', '0', 'i32') }}};
    _puts(_strerror(errnum));
  },
  remove__deps: ['unlink', 'rmdir'],
  remove: function(path) {
    // int remove(const char *path);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/remove.html
    var ret = _unlink(path);
    if (ret == -1) ret = _rmdir(path);
    return ret;
  },
  rename__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  rename: function(old, new_) {
    // int rename(const char *old, const char *new);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/rename.html
    var oldObj = FS.analyzePath(Pointer_stringify(old));
    var newObj = FS.analyzePath(Pointer_stringify(new_));
    if (newObj.path == oldObj.path) {
      return 0;
    } else if (!oldObj.exists) {
      ___setErrNo(oldObj.error);
      return -1;
    } else if (oldObj.isRoot || oldObj.path == FS.currentPath) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBUSY);
      return -1;
    } else if (newObj.parentPath &&
               newObj.parentPath.indexOf(oldObj.path) == 0) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    } else if (newObj.exists && newObj.object.isFolder) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EISDIR);
      return -1;
    } else {
      delete oldObj.parentObject.contents[oldObj.name];
      newObj.parentObject.contents[newObj.name] = oldObj.object;
      return 0;
    }
  },
  rewind__deps: ['$FS', 'fseek'],
  rewind: function(stream) {
    // void rewind(FILE *stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/rewind.html
    _fseek(stream, 0, 0);  // SEEK_SET.
    if (FS.streams[stream]) FS.streams[stream].error = false;
  },
  setvbuf: function(stream, buf, type, size) {
    // int setvbuf(FILE *restrict stream, char *restrict buf, int type, size_t size);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/setvbuf.html
    // TODO: Implement custom buffering.
    return 0;
  },
  setbuf__deps: ['setvbuf'],
  setbuf: function(stream, buf) {
    // void setbuf(FILE *restrict stream, char *restrict buf);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/setbuf.html
    if (buf) _setvbuf(stream, buf, 0, 8192);  // _IOFBF, BUFSIZ.
    else _setvbuf(stream, buf, 2, 8192);  // _IONBF, BUFSIZ.
  },
  tmpnam__deps: ['$FS'],
  tmpnam: function(s, dir, prefix) {
    // char *tmpnam(char *s);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/tmpnam.html
    // NOTE: The dir and prefix arguments are for internal use only.
    var folder = FS.findObject(dir || '/tmp');
    if (!folder || !folder.isFolder) {
      dir = '/tmp';
      folder = FS.findObject(dir);
      if (!folder || !folder.isFolder) return 0;
    }
    var name = prefix || 'file';
    do {
      name += String.fromCharCode(65 + Math.floor(Math.random() * 25));
    } while (name in folder.contents);
    var result = dir + '/' + name;
    if (!_tmpnam.buffer) _tmpnam.buffer = _malloc(256);
    if (!s) s = _tmpnam.buffer;
    for (var i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
      {{{ makeSetValue('s', 'i', 'result.charCodeAt(i)', 'i8') }}};
    }
    {{{ makeSetValue('s', 'i', '0', 'i8') }}};
    return s;
  },
  tempnam__deps: ['tmpnam'],
  tempnam: function(dir, pfx) {
    // char *tempnam(const char *dir, const char *pfx);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/tempnam.html
    return _tmpnam(0, Pointer_stringify(dir), Pointer_stringify(pfx));
  },
  tmpfile__deps: ['tmpnam', 'fopen'],
  tmpfile: function() {
    // FILE *tmpfile(void);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/tmpfile.html
    // TODO: Delete the created file on closing.
    if (_tmpfile.mode) {
      _tmpfile.mode = allocate(intArrayFromString('w+'), 'i8', ALLOC_NORMAL);
    }
    return _fopen(_tmpnam(0), _tmpfile.mode);
  },
  ungetc__deps: ['$FS'],
  ungetc: function(c, stream) {
    // int ungetc(int c, FILE *stream);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/ungetc.html
    stream = FS.streams[stream];
    if (!stream) {
      return -1;
    }
    if (c === {{{ cDefine('EOF') }}}) {
      // do nothing for EOF character
      return c;
    }
    c = unSign(c & 0xFF);
    stream.ungotten.push(c);
    stream.eof = false;
    return c;
  },
  system__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  system: function(command) {
    // int system(const char *command);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/system.html
    // Can't call external programs.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EAGAIN);
    return -1;
  },
  fscanf__deps: ['$FS', '_scanString', 'fgetc', 'ungetc'],
  fscanf: function(stream, format, varargs) {
    // int fscanf(FILE *restrict stream, const char *restrict format, ... );
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/scanf.html
    if (FS.streams[stream]) {
      var buffer = [];
      var get = function() {
        var c = _fgetc(stream);
        buffer.push(c);
        return c;
      };
      var unget = function() {
        _ungetc(buffer.pop(), stream);
      };
      return __scanString(format, get, unget, varargs);
    } else {
      return -1;
    }
  },
  scanf__deps: ['fscanf'],
  scanf: function(format, varargs) {
    // int scanf(const char *restrict format, ... );
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/scanf.html
    var stdin = {{{ makeGetValue(makeGlobalUse('_stdin'), '0', 'void*') }}};
    return _fscanf(stdin, format, varargs);
  },
  sscanf__deps: ['_scanString'],
  sscanf: function(s, format, varargs) {
    // int sscanf(const char *restrict s, const char *restrict format, ... );
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/scanf.html
    var index = 0;
    var get = function() { return {{{ makeGetValue('s', 'index++', 'i8') }}}; };
    var unget = function() { index--; };
    return __scanString(format, get, unget, varargs);
  },
  snprintf__deps: ['_formatString'],
  snprintf: function(s, n, format, varargs) {
    // int snprintf(char *restrict s, size_t n, const char *restrict format, ...);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/printf.html
    var result = __formatString(format, varargs);
    var limit = (n === undefined) ? result.length
                                  : Math.min(result.length, Math.max(n - 1, 0));
    if (s < 0) {
      s = -s;
      var buf = _malloc(limit+1);
      {{{ makeSetValue('s', '0', 'buf', 'i8*') }}};
      s = buf;
    }
    for (var i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
      {{{ makeSetValue('s', 'i', 'result[i]', 'i8') }}};
    }
    if (limit < n || (n === undefined)) {{{ makeSetValue('s', 'i', '0', 'i8') }}};
    return result.length;
  },
  fprintf__deps: ['fwrite', '_formatString'],
  fprintf: function(stream, format, varargs) {
    // int fprintf(FILE *restrict stream, const char *restrict format, ...);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/printf.html
    var result = __formatString(format, varargs);
    var stack = Runtime.stackSave();
    var ret = _fwrite(allocate(result, 'i8', ALLOC_STACK), 1, result.length, stream);
    Runtime.stackRestore(stack);
    return ret;
  },
  printf__deps: ['fprintf'],
  printf: function(format, varargs) {
    // int printf(const char *restrict format, ...);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/printf.html
    var stdout = {{{ makeGetValue(makeGlobalUse('_stdout'), '0', 'void*') }}};
    return _fprintf(stdout, format, varargs);
  },
  sprintf__deps: ['snprintf'],
  sprintf: function(s, format, varargs) {
    // int sprintf(char *restrict s, const char *restrict format, ...);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/printf.html
    return _snprintf(s, undefined, format, varargs);
  },
  asprintf__deps: ['sprintf'],
  asprintf: function(s, format, varargs) {
    return _sprintf(-s, format, varargs);
  },

#if TARGET_X86
  // va_arg is just like our varargs
  vfprintf: 'fprintf',
  vsnprintf: 'snprintf',
  vprintf: 'printf',
  vsprintf: 'sprintf',
  vasprintf: 'asprintf',
  vscanf: 'scanf',
  vfscanf: 'fscanf',
  vsscanf: 'sscanf',
#endif

#if TARGET_LE32
  // convert va_arg into varargs
  vfprintf__deps: ['fprintf'],
  vfprintf: function(s, f, va_arg) {
    return _fprintf(s, f, {{{ makeGetValue('va_arg', 0, '*') }}});
  },
  vsnprintf__deps: ['snprintf'],
  vsnprintf: function(s, n, format, va_arg) {
    return _snprintf(s, n, format, {{{ makeGetValue('va_arg', 0, '*') }}});
  },
  vprintf__deps: ['printf'],
  vprintf: function(format, va_arg) {
    return _printf(format, {{{ makeGetValue('va_arg', 0, '*') }}});
  },
  vsprintf__deps: ['sprintf'],
  vsprintf: function(s, format, va_arg) {
    return _sprintf(s, format, {{{ makeGetValue('va_arg', 0, '*') }}});
  },
  vasprintf__deps: ['asprintf'],
  vasprintf: function(s, format, va_arg) {
    return _asprintf(s, format, {{{ makeGetValue('va_arg', 0, '*') }}});
  },
  vscanf__deps: ['scanf'],
  vscanf: function(format, va_arg) {
    return _scanf(format, {{{ makeGetValue('va_arg', 0, '*') }}});
  },
  vfscanf__deps: ['fscanf'],
  vfscanf: function(s, format, va_arg) {
    return _fscanf(s, format, {{{ makeGetValue('va_arg', 0, '*') }}});
  },
  vsscanf__deps: ['sscanf'],
  vsscanf: function(s, format, va_arg) {
    return _sscanf(s, format, {{{ makeGetValue('va_arg', 0, '*') }}});
  },
#endif

  fopen64: 'fopen',
  __01fopen64_: 'fopen',
  __01freopen64_: 'freopen',
  __01fseeko64_: 'fseek',
  __01ftello64_: 'ftell',
  __01tmpfile64_: 'tmpfile',
  __isoc99_fscanf: 'fscanf',
  // TODO: Check if any other aliases are needed.
  _IO_getc: 'getc',
  _IO_putc: 'putc',
  _ZNSo3putEc: 'putchar',
  _ZNSo5flushEv__deps: ['fflush', 'stdout'],
  _ZNSo5flushEv: function() {
    _fflush({{{ makeGetValue(makeGlobalUse('_stdout'), '0', 'void*') }}});
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // sys/mman.h
  // ==========================================================================

  mmap__deps: ['$FS'],
  mmap: function(start, num, prot, flags, stream, offset) {
    /* FIXME: Since mmap is normally implemented at the kernel level,
     * this implementation simply uses malloc underneath the call to
     * mmap.
     */
    var MAP_PRIVATE = 2;
    var allocated = false;

    if (!_mmap.mappings) _mmap.mappings = {};

    if (stream == -1) {
      var ptr = _malloc(num);
      if (!ptr) return -1;
      _memset(ptr, 0, num);
      allocated = true;
    } else {
      var info = FS.streams[stream];
      if (!info) return -1;
      var contents = info.object.contents;
      // Only make a new copy when MAP_PRIVATE is specified.
      if (flags & MAP_PRIVATE == 0) {
        // We can't emulate MAP_SHARED when the file is not backed by HEAP.
        assert(contents.buffer === HEAPU8.buffer);
        ptr = contents.byteOffset;
        allocated = false;
      } else {
        // Try to avoid unnecessary slices.
        if (offset > 0 || offset + num < contents.length) {
          if (contents.subarray) {
            contents = contents.subarray(offset, offset+num);
          } else {
            contents = Array.prototype.slice.call(contents, offset, offset+num);
          }
        }
        ptr = _malloc(num);
        if (!ptr) return -1;
        HEAPU8.set(contents, ptr);
        allocated = true;
      }
    }

    _mmap.mappings[ptr] = { malloc: ptr, num: num, allocated: allocated };
    return ptr;
  },
  __01mmap64_: 'mmap',

  munmap: function(start, num) {
    if (!_mmap.mappings) _mmap.mappings = {};
    // TODO: support unmmap'ing parts of allocations
    var info = _mmap.mappings[start];
    if (!info) return 0;
    if (num == info.num) {
      _mmap.mappings[start] = null;
      if (info.allocated) {
        _free(info.malloc);
      }
    }
    return 0;
  },

  // TODO: Implement mremap.

  mprotect: function(addr, len, prot) {
    // int mprotect(void *addr, size_t len, int prot);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/xsh/mprotect.html
    // Pretend to succeed
    return 0;
  },

  msync: function(addr, len, flags) {
    // int msync(void *addr, size_t len, int flags);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009696799/functions/msync.html
    // Pretend to succeed
    return 0;
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // stdlib.h
  // ==========================================================================

  // tiny, fake malloc/free implementation. If the program actually uses malloc,
  // a compiled version will be used; this will only be used if the runtime
  // needs to allocate something, for which this is good enough if otherwise
  // no malloc is needed.
  malloc: function(bytes) {
    /* Over-allocate to make sure it is byte-aligned by 8.
     * This will leak memory, but this is only the dummy
     * implementation (replaced by dlmalloc normally) so
     * not an issue.
     */
#if ASSERTIONS == 2
    Runtime.warnOnce('using stub malloc (reference it from C to have the real one included)');
#endif
    var ptr = Runtime.dynamicAlloc(bytes + 8);
    return (ptr+8) & 0xFFFFFFF8;
  },
  free: function() {
#if ASSERTIONS == 2
    Runtime.warnOnce('using stub free (reference it from C to have the real one included)');
#endif
},

  calloc__deps: ['malloc'],
  calloc: function(n, s) {
    var ret = _malloc(n*s);
    _memset(ret, 0, n*s);
    return ret;
  },

  abs: 'Math.abs',
  labs: 'Math.abs',
#if USE_TYPED_ARRAYS == 2
  llabs__deps: [function() { Types.preciseI64MathUsed = 1 }],
  llabs: function(lo, hi) {
    i64Math.abs(lo, hi);
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn([makeGetTempDouble(0, 'i32'), makeGetTempDouble(1, 'i32')]) }}};
  },
#else
  llabs: function(lo, hi) {
    throw 'unsupported llabs';
  },
#endif

  exit__deps: ['_exit'],
  exit: function(status) {
    __exit(status);
  },

  _ZSt9terminatev__deps: ['exit'],
  _ZSt9terminatev: function() {
    _exit(-1234);
  },

  atexit: function(func, arg) {
    __ATEXIT__.unshift({ func: func, arg: arg });
  },
  __cxa_atexit: 'atexit',

  abort: function() {
    Module['abort']();
  },

  bsearch: function(key, base, num, size, compar) {
    var cmp = function(x, y) {
      return Runtime.dynCall('iii', compar, [x, y])
    };
    var left = 0;
    var right = num;
    var mid, test, addr;

    while (left < right) {
      mid = (left + right) >>> 1;
      addr = base + (mid * size);
      test = cmp(key, addr);

      if (test < 0) {
        right = mid;
      } else if (test > 0) {
        left = mid + 1;
      } else {
        return addr;
      }
    }

    return 0;
  },

  realloc__deps: ['memcpy'],
  realloc: function(ptr, size) {
    // Very simple, inefficient implementation - if you use a real malloc, best to use
    // a real realloc with it
    if (!size) {
      if (ptr) _free(ptr);
      return 0;
    }
    var ret = _malloc(size);
    if (ptr) {
      _memcpy(ret, ptr, size); // might be some invalid reads
      _free(ptr);
    }
    return ret;
  },

  _parseInt__deps: ['isspace', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  _parseInt: function(str, endptr, base, min, max, bits, unsign) {
    // Skip space.
    while (_isspace({{{ makeGetValue('str', 0, 'i8') }}})) str++;

    // Check for a plus/minus sign.
    var multiplier = 1;
    if ({{{ makeGetValue('str', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('-') }}}) {
      multiplier = -1;
      str++;
    } else if ({{{ makeGetValue('str', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('+') }}}) {
      str++;
    }

    // Find base.
    var finalBase = base;
    if (!finalBase) {
      if ({{{ makeGetValue('str', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('0') }}}) {
        if ({{{ makeGetValue('str+1', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('x') }}} ||
            {{{ makeGetValue('str+1', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('X') }}}) {
          finalBase = 16;
          str += 2;
        } else {
          finalBase = 8;
          str++;
        }
      }
    } else if (finalBase==16) {
      if ({{{ makeGetValue('str', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('0') }}}) {
        if ({{{ makeGetValue('str+1', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('x') }}} ||
            {{{ makeGetValue('str+1', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('X') }}}) {
          str += 2;
        }
      }
    }
    if (!finalBase) finalBase = 10;

    // Get digits.
    var chr;
    var ret = 0;
    while ((chr = {{{ makeGetValue('str', 0, 'i8') }}}) != 0) {
      var digit = parseInt(String.fromCharCode(chr), finalBase);
      if (isNaN(digit)) {
        break;
      } else {
        ret = ret * finalBase + digit;
        str++;
      }
    }

    // Apply sign.
    ret *= multiplier;

    // Set end pointer.
    if (endptr) {
      {{{ makeSetValue('endptr', 0, 'str', '*') }}}
    }

    // Unsign if needed.
    if (unsign) {
      if (Math.abs(ret) > max) {
        ret = max;
        ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ERANGE);
      } else {
        ret = unSign(ret, bits);
      }
    }

    // Validate range.
    if (ret > max || ret < min) {
      ret = ret > max ? max : min;
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ERANGE);
    }

#if USE_TYPED_ARRAYS == 2
    if (bits == 64) {
      {{{ makeStructuralReturn(splitI64('ret')) }}};
    }
#endif

    return ret;
  },
#if USE_TYPED_ARRAYS == 2
  _parseInt64__deps: ['isspace', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', function() { Types.preciseI64MathUsed = 1 }],
  _parseInt64: function(str, endptr, base, min, max, unsign) {
    var isNegative = false;
    // Skip space.
    while (_isspace({{{ makeGetValue('str', 0, 'i8') }}})) str++;

    // Check for a plus/minus sign.
    if ({{{ makeGetValue('str', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('-') }}}) {
      str++;
      isNegative = true;
    } else if ({{{ makeGetValue('str', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('+') }}}) {
      str++;
    }

    // Find base.
    var ok = false;
    var finalBase = base;
    if (!finalBase) {
      if ({{{ makeGetValue('str', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('0') }}}) {
        if ({{{ makeGetValue('str+1', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('x') }}} ||
            {{{ makeGetValue('str+1', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('X') }}}) {
          finalBase = 16;
          str += 2;
        } else {
          finalBase = 8;
          ok = true; // we saw an initial zero, perhaps the entire thing is just "0"
        }
      }
    } else if (finalBase==16) {
      if ({{{ makeGetValue('str', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('0') }}}) {
        if ({{{ makeGetValue('str+1', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('x') }}} ||
            {{{ makeGetValue('str+1', 0, 'i8') }}} == {{{ charCode('X') }}}) {
          str += 2;
        }
      }
    }
    if (!finalBase) finalBase = 10;
    start = str;

    // Get digits.
    var chr;
    while ((chr = {{{ makeGetValue('str', 0, 'i8') }}}) != 0) {
      var digit = parseInt(String.fromCharCode(chr), finalBase);
      if (isNaN(digit)) {
        break;
      } else {
        str++;
        ok = true;
      }
    }

    if (!ok) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['0', '0']) }}};
    }

    // Set end pointer.
    if (endptr) {
      {{{ makeSetValue('endptr', 0, 'str', '*') }}}
    }

    try {
      var numberString = isNegative ? '-'+Pointer_stringify(start, str - start) : Pointer_stringify(start, str - start);
      i64Math.fromString(numberString, finalBase, min, max, unsign);
    } catch(e) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ERANGE); // not quite correct
    }

    {{{ makeStructuralReturn([makeGetTempDouble(0, 'i32'), makeGetTempDouble(1, 'i32')]) }}};
  },
#endif
  strtoll__deps: ['_parseInt64'],
  strtoll: function(str, endptr, base) {
    return __parseInt64(str, endptr, base, '-9223372036854775808', '9223372036854775807');  // LLONG_MIN, LLONG_MAX.
  },
  strtoll_l: 'strtoll', // no locale support yet
  strtol__deps: ['_parseInt'],
  strtol: function(str, endptr, base) {
    return __parseInt(str, endptr, base, -2147483648, 2147483647, 32);  // LONG_MIN, LONG_MAX.
  },
  strtol_l: 'strtol', // no locale support yet
  strtoul__deps: ['_parseInt'],
  strtoul: function(str, endptr, base) {
    return __parseInt(str, endptr, base, 0, 4294967295, 32, true);  // ULONG_MAX.
  },
  strtoul_l: 'strtoul', // no locale support yet
  strtoull__deps: ['_parseInt64'],
  strtoull: function(str, endptr, base) {
    return __parseInt64(str, endptr, base, 0, '18446744073709551615', true);  // ULONG_MAX.
  },
  strtoull_l: 'strtoull', // no locale support yet

  atoi__deps: ['strtol'],
  atoi: function(ptr) {
    return _strtol(ptr, null, 10);
  },
  atol: 'atoi',

  atoll__deps: ['strtoll'],
  atoll: function(ptr) {
    return _strtoll(ptr, null, 10);
  },

  qsort__deps: ['memcpy'],
  qsort: function(base, num, size, cmp) {
    if (num == 0 || size == 0) return;
    // forward calls to the JavaScript sort method
    // first, sort the items logically
    var comparator = function(x, y) {
      return Runtime.dynCall('iii', cmp, [x, y]);
    }
    var keys = [];
    for (var i = 0; i < num; i++) keys.push(i);
    keys.sort(function(a, b) {
      return comparator(base+a*size, base+b*size);
    });
    // apply the sort
    var temp = _malloc(num*size);
    _memcpy(temp, base, num*size);
    for (var i = 0; i < num; i++) {
      if (keys[i] == i) continue; // already in place
      _memcpy(base+i*size, temp+keys[i]*size, size);
    }
    _free(temp);
  },

  environ: 'allocate(1, "i32*", ALLOC_STATIC)',
  __environ__deps: ['environ'],
  __environ: '_environ',
  __buildEnvironment__deps: ['__environ'],
  __buildEnvironment: function(env) {
    // WARNING: Arbitrary limit!
    var MAX_ENV_VALUES = 64;
    var TOTAL_ENV_SIZE = 1024;

    // Statically allocate memory for the environment.
    var poolPtr;
    var envPtr;
    if (!___buildEnvironment.called) {
      ___buildEnvironment.called = true;
      // Set default values. Use string keys for Closure Compiler compatibility.
      ENV['USER'] = 'root';
      ENV['PATH'] = '/';
      ENV['PWD'] = '/';
      ENV['HOME'] = '/home/emscripten';
      ENV['LANG'] = 'en_US.UTF-8';
      ENV['_'] = './this.program';
      // Allocate memory.
      poolPtr = allocate(TOTAL_ENV_SIZE, 'i8', ALLOC_STATIC);
      envPtr = allocate(MAX_ENV_VALUES * {{{ Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE }}},
                        'i8*', ALLOC_STATIC);
      {{{ makeSetValue('envPtr', '0', 'poolPtr', 'i8*') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue(makeGlobalUse('_environ'), 0, 'envPtr', 'i8*') }}};
    } else {
      envPtr = {{{ makeGetValue(makeGlobalUse('_environ'), '0', 'i8**') }}};
      poolPtr = {{{ makeGetValue('envPtr', '0', 'i8*') }}};
    }

    // Collect key=value lines.
    var strings = [];
    var totalSize = 0;
    for (var key in env) {
      if (typeof env[key] === 'string') {
        var line = key + '=' + env[key];
        strings.push(line);
        totalSize += line.length;
      }
    }
    if (totalSize > TOTAL_ENV_SIZE) {
      throw new Error('Environment size exceeded TOTAL_ENV_SIZE!');
    }

    // Make new.
    var ptrSize = {{{ Runtime.getNativeTypeSize('i8*') }}};
    for (var i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
      var line = strings[i];
      for (var j = 0; j < line.length; j++) {
        {{{ makeSetValue('poolPtr', 'j', 'line.charCodeAt(j)', 'i8') }}};
      }
      {{{ makeSetValue('poolPtr', 'j', '0', 'i8') }}};
      {{{ makeSetValue('envPtr', 'i * ptrSize', 'poolPtr', 'i8*') }}};
      poolPtr += line.length + 1;
    }
    {{{ makeSetValue('envPtr', 'strings.length * ptrSize', '0', 'i8*') }}};
  },
  $ENV__deps: ['__buildEnvironment'],
  $ENV__postset: '___buildEnvironment(ENV);',
  $ENV: {},
  getenv__deps: ['$ENV'],
  getenv: function(name) {
    // char *getenv(const char *name);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/getenv.html
    if (name === 0) return 0;
    name = Pointer_stringify(name);
    if (!ENV.hasOwnProperty(name)) return 0;

    if (_getenv.ret) _free(_getenv.ret);
    _getenv.ret = allocate(intArrayFromString(ENV[name]), 'i8', ALLOC_NORMAL);
    return _getenv.ret;
  },
  clearenv__deps: ['$ENV', '__buildEnvironment'],
  clearenv: function(name) {
    // int clearenv (void);
    // http://www.gnu.org/s/hello/manual/libc/Environment-Access.html#index-clearenv-3107
    ENV = {};
    ___buildEnvironment(ENV);
    return 0;
  },
  setenv__deps: ['$ENV', '__buildEnvironment', '$ERRNO_CODES', '__setErrNo'],
  setenv: function(envname, envval, overwrite) {
    // int setenv(const char *envname, const char *envval, int overwrite);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/setenv.html
    if (envname === 0) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    }
    var name = Pointer_stringify(envname);
    var val = Pointer_stringify(envval);
    if (name === '' || name.indexOf('=') !== -1) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    }
    if (ENV.hasOwnProperty(name) && !overwrite) return 0;
    ENV[name] = val;
    ___buildEnvironment(ENV);
    return 0;
  },
  unsetenv__deps: ['$ENV', '__buildEnvironment', '$ERRNO_CODES', '__setErrNo'],
  unsetenv: function(name) {
    // int unsetenv(const char *name);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/unsetenv.html
    if (name === 0) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    }
    name = Pointer_stringify(name);
    if (name === '' || name.indexOf('=') !== -1) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    }
    if (ENV.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
      delete ENV[name];
      ___buildEnvironment(ENV);
    }
    return 0;
  },
  putenv__deps: ['$ENV', '__buildEnvironment', '$ERRNO_CODES', '__setErrNo'],
  putenv: function(string) {
    // int putenv(char *string);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/putenv.html
    // WARNING: According to the standard (and the glibc implementation), the
    //          string is taken by reference so future changes are reflected.
    //          We copy it instead, possibly breaking some uses.
    if (string === 0) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    }
    string = Pointer_stringify(string);
    var splitPoint = string.indexOf('=')
    if (string === '' || string.indexOf('=') === -1) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
      return -1;
    }
    var name = string.slice(0, splitPoint);
    var value = string.slice(splitPoint + 1);
    if (!(name in ENV) || ENV[name] !== value) {
      ENV[name] = value;
      ___buildEnvironment(ENV);
    }
    return 0;
  },

  getloadavg: function(loadavg, nelem) {
    // int getloadavg(double loadavg[], int nelem);
    // http://linux.die.net/man/3/getloadavg
    var limit = Math.min(nelem, 3);
    var doubleSize = {{{ Runtime.getNativeTypeSize('double') }}};
    for (var i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
      {{{ makeSetValue('loadavg', 'i * doubleSize', '0.1', 'double') }}}
    }
    return limit;
  },

  // Use browser's Math.random(). We can't set a seed, though.
  srand: function(seed) {}, // XXX ignored
  rand: function() {
    return Math.floor(Math.random()*0x80000000);
  },
  rand_r: function(seed) { // XXX ignores the seed
    return Math.floor(Math.random()*0x80000000);
  },

  drand48: function() {
    return Math.random();
  },

  realpath__deps: ['$FS', '__setErrNo'],
  realpath: function(file_name, resolved_name) {
    // char *realpath(const char *restrict file_name, char *restrict resolved_name);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009604499/functions/realpath.html
    var absolute = FS.analyzePath(Pointer_stringify(file_name));
    if (absolute.error) {
      ___setErrNo(absolute.error);
      return 0;
    } else {
      var size = Math.min(4095, absolute.path.length);  // PATH_MAX - 1.
      for (var i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        {{{ makeSetValue('resolved_name', 'i', 'absolute.path.charCodeAt(i)', 'i8') }}}
      }
      {{{ makeSetValue('resolved_name', 'size', '0', 'i8') }}}
      return resolved_name;
    }
  },

  arc4random: 'rand',

  // ==========================================================================
  // string.h
  // ==========================================================================

  // FIXME: memcpy, memmove and memset should all return their destination pointers.

  memcpy__inline: function (dest, src, num, align) {
    var ret = '';
#if ASSERTIONS
#if ASM_JS == 0
    ret += "assert(" + num + " % 1 === 0);"; //, 'memcpy given ' + " + num + " + ' bytes to copy. Problem with quantum=1 corrections perhaps?');";
#endif
#endif
    ret += makeCopyValues(dest, src, num, 'null', null, align);
    return ret;
  },

  memcpy__asm: true,
  memcpy__sig: 'iiii',
  memcpy: function (dest, src, num) {
    dest = dest|0; src = src|0; num = num|0;
    var ret = 0;
    ret = dest|0;
    if ((dest&3) == (src&3)) {
      while (dest & 3) {
        if ((num|0) == 0) return ret|0;
        {{{ makeSetValueAsm('dest', 0, makeGetValueAsm('src', 0, 'i8'), 'i8') }}};
        dest = (dest+1)|0;
        src = (src+1)|0;
        num = (num-1)|0;
      }
      while ((num|0) >= 4) {
        {{{ makeSetValueAsm('dest', 0, makeGetValueAsm('src', 0, 'i32'), 'i32') }}};
        dest = (dest+4)|0;
        src = (src+4)|0;
        num = (num-4)|0;
      }
    }
    while ((num|0) > 0) {
      {{{ makeSetValueAsm('dest', 0, makeGetValueAsm('src', 0, 'i8'), 'i8') }}};
      dest = (dest+1)|0;
      src = (src+1)|0;
      num = (num-1)|0;
    }
    return ret|0;
  },

  llvm_memcpy_i32: 'memcpy',
  llvm_memcpy_i64: 'memcpy',
  llvm_memcpy_p0i8_p0i8_i32: 'memcpy',
  llvm_memcpy_p0i8_p0i8_i64: 'memcpy',

  memmove__sig: 'viii',
  memmove__asm: true,
  memmove__deps: ['memcpy'],
  memmove: function(dest, src, num) {
    dest = dest|0; src = src|0; num = num|0;
    if (((src|0) < (dest|0)) & ((dest|0) < ((src + num)|0))) {
      // Unlikely case: Copy backwards in a safe manner
      src = (src + num)|0;
      dest = (dest + num)|0;
      while ((num|0) > 0) {
        dest = (dest - 1)|0;
        src = (src - 1)|0;
        num = (num - 1)|0;
        {{{ makeSetValueAsm('dest', 0, makeGetValueAsm('src', 0, 'i8'), 'i8') }}};
      }
    } else {
      _memcpy(dest, src, num) | 0;
    }
  },
  llvm_memmove_i32: 'memmove',
  llvm_memmove_i64: 'memmove',
  llvm_memmove_p0i8_p0i8_i32: 'memmove',
  llvm_memmove_p0i8_p0i8_i64: 'memmove',

  bcopy__deps: ['memmove'],
  bcopy: function(src, dest, num) {
    // void bcopy(const void *s1, void *s2, size_t n);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/bcopy.html
    _memmove(dest, src, num);
  },

  memset__inline: function(ptr, value, num, align) {
    return makeSetValues(ptr, 0, value, 'null', num, align);
  },
  memset__sig: 'viii',
  memset__asm: true,
  memset: function(ptr, value, num) {
#if USE_TYPED_ARRAYS == 2
    ptr = ptr|0; value = value|0; num = num|0;
    var stop = 0, value4 = 0, stop4 = 0, unaligned = 0;
    stop = (ptr + num)|0;
    if ((num|0) >= {{{ Math.round(2.5*UNROLL_LOOP_MAX) }}}) {
      // This is unaligned, but quite large, so work hard to get to aligned settings
      value = value & 0xff;
      unaligned = ptr & 3;
      value4 = value | (value << 8) | (value << 16) | (value << 24);
      stop4 = stop & ~3;
      if (unaligned) {
        unaligned = (ptr + 4 - unaligned)|0;
        while ((ptr|0) < (unaligned|0)) { // no need to check for stop, since we have large num
          {{{ makeSetValueAsm('ptr', 0, 'value', 'i8') }}};
          ptr = (ptr+1)|0;
        }
      }
      while ((ptr|0) < (stop4|0)) {
        {{{ makeSetValueAsm('ptr', 0, 'value4', 'i32') }}};
        ptr = (ptr+4)|0;
      }
    }
    while ((ptr|0) < (stop|0)) {
      {{{ makeSetValueAsm('ptr', 0, 'value', 'i8') }}};
      ptr = (ptr+1)|0;
    }
#else
    {{{ makeSetValues('ptr', '0', 'value', 'null', 'num') }}};
#endif
  },
  llvm_memset_i32: 'memset',
  llvm_memset_p0i8_i32: 'memset',
  llvm_memset_p0i8_i64: 'memset',

  strlen__sig: 'ii',
  strlen__asm: true,
  strlen: function(ptr) {
    ptr = ptr|0;
    var curr = 0;
    curr = ptr;
    while ({{{ makeGetValueAsm('curr', '0', 'i8') }}}) {
      curr = (curr + 1)|0;
    }
    return (curr - ptr)|0;
  },

  strspn: function(pstr, pset) {
    var str = pstr, set, strcurr, setcurr;
    while (1) {
      strcurr = {{{ makeGetValue('str', '0', 'i8') }}};
      if (!strcurr) return str - pstr;
      set = pset;
      while (1) {
        setcurr = {{{ makeGetValue('set', '0', 'i8') }}};
        if (!setcurr || setcurr == strcurr) break;
        set++;
      }
      if (!setcurr) return str - pstr;
      str++;
    }
  },

  strcspn: function(pstr, pset) {
    var str = pstr, set, strcurr, setcurr;
    while (1) {
      strcurr = {{{ makeGetValue('str', '0', 'i8') }}};
      if (!strcurr) return str - pstr;
      set = pset;
      while (1) {
        setcurr = {{{ makeGetValue('set', '0', 'i8') }}};
        if (!setcurr || setcurr == strcurr) break;
        set++;
      }
      if (setcurr) return str - pstr;
      str++;
    }
  },

  strcpy__asm: true,
  strcpy__sig: 'iii',
  strcpy: function(pdest, psrc) {
    pdest = pdest|0; psrc = psrc|0;
    var i = 0;
    do {
      {{{ makeCopyValues('(pdest+i)|0', '(psrc+i)|0', 1, 'i8', null, 1) }}};
      i = (i+1)|0;
    } while ({{{ makeGetValueAsm('psrc', 'i-1', 'i8') }}});
    return pdest|0;
  },

  stpcpy: function(pdest, psrc) {
    var i = 0;
    do {
      {{{ makeCopyValues('pdest+i', 'psrc+i', 1, 'i8', null, 1) }}};
      i ++;
    } while ({{{ makeGetValue('psrc', 'i-1', 'i8') }}} != 0);
    return pdest + i - 1;
  },

  strncpy__asm: true,
  strncpy__sig: 'iiii',
  strncpy: function(pdest, psrc, num) {
    pdest = pdest|0; psrc = psrc|0; num = num|0;
    var padding = 0, curr = 0, i = 0;
    while ((i|0) < (num|0)) {
      curr = padding ? 0 : {{{ makeGetValueAsm('psrc', 'i', 'i8') }}};
      {{{ makeSetValue('pdest', 'i', 'curr', 'i8') }}}
      padding = padding ? 1 : ({{{ makeGetValueAsm('psrc', 'i', 'i8') }}} == 0);
      i = (i+1)|0;
    }
    return pdest|0;
  },

  strlwr__deps:['tolower'],
  strlwr: function(pstr){
    var i = 0;
    while(1) {
      var x = {{{ makeGetValue('pstr', 'i', 'i8') }}};
      if (x == 0) break;
      {{{ makeSetValue('pstr', 'i', '_tolower(x)', 'i8') }}};
      i++;
    }
  },

  strupr__deps:['toupper'],
  strupr: function(pstr){
    var i = 0;
    while(1) {
      var x = {{{ makeGetValue('pstr', 'i', 'i8') }}};
      if (x == 0) break;
      {{{ makeSetValue('pstr', 'i', '_toupper(x)', 'i8') }}};
      i++;
    }
  },

  strcat__asm: true,
  strcat__sig: 'iii',
  strcat__deps: ['strlen'],
  strcat: function(pdest, psrc) {
    pdest = pdest|0; psrc = psrc|0;
    var i = 0;
    var pdestEnd = 0;
    pdestEnd = (pdest + (_strlen(pdest)|0))|0;
    do {
      {{{ makeCopyValues('pdestEnd+i', 'psrc+i', 1, 'i8', null, 1) }}};
      i = (i+1)|0;
    } while ({{{ makeGetValueAsm('psrc', 'i-1', 'i8') }}});
    return pdest|0;
  },

  strncat__deps: ['strlen'],
  strncat: function(pdest, psrc, num) {
    var len = _strlen(pdest);
    var i = 0;
    while(1) {
      {{{ makeCopyValues('pdest+len+i', 'psrc+i', 1, 'i8', null, 1) }}};
      if ({{{ makeGetValue('pdest', 'len+i', 'i8') }}} == 0) break;
      i ++;
      if (i == num) {
        {{{ makeSetValue('pdest', 'len+i', 0, 'i8') }}}
        break;
      }
    }
    return pdest;
  },

  strcmp__deps: ['strncmp'],
  strcmp: function(px, py) {
    return _strncmp(px, py, TOTAL_MEMORY);
  },
  // We always assume ASCII locale.
  strcoll: 'strcmp',

  strcasecmp__asm: true,
  strcasecmp__sig: 'iii',
  strcasecmp__deps: ['strncasecmp'],
  strcasecmp: function(px, py) {
    px = px|0; py = py|0;
    return _strncasecmp(px, py, -1)|0;
  },

  strncmp: function(px, py, n) {
    var i = 0;
    while (i < n) {
      var x = {{{ makeGetValue('px', 'i', 'i8', 0, 1) }}};
      var y = {{{ makeGetValue('py', 'i', 'i8', 0, 1) }}};
      if (x == y && x == 0) return 0;
      if (x == 0) return -1;
      if (y == 0) return 1;
      if (x == y) {
        i ++;
        continue;
      } else {
        return x > y ? 1 : -1;
      }
    }
    return 0;
  },

  strncasecmp__asm: true,
  strncasecmp__sig: 'iiii',
  strncasecmp__deps: ['tolower'],
  strncasecmp: function(px, py, n) {
    px = px|0; py = py|0; n = n|0;
    var i = 0, x = 0, y = 0;
    while ((i>>>0) < (n>>>0)) {
      x = _tolower({{{ makeGetValueAsm('px', 'i', 'i8', 0, 1) }}})|0;
      y = _tolower({{{ makeGetValueAsm('py', 'i', 'i8', 0, 1) }}})|0;
      if (((x|0) == (y|0)) & ((x|0) == 0)) return 0;
      if ((x|0) == 0) return -1;
      if ((y|0) == 0) return 1;
      if ((x|0) == (y|0)) {
        i = (i + 1)|0;
        continue;
      } else {
        return ((x>>>0) > (y>>>0) ? 1 : -1)|0;
      }
    }
    return 0;
  },

  memcmp__asm: true,
  memcmp__sig: 'iiii',
  memcmp: function(p1, p2, num) {
    p1 = p1|0; p2 = p2|0; num = num|0;
    var i = 0, v1 = 0, v2 = 0;
    while ((i|0) < (num|0)) {
      var v1 = {{{ makeGetValueAsm('p1', 'i', 'i8', true) }}};
      var v2 = {{{ makeGetValueAsm('p2', 'i', 'i8', true) }}};
      if ((v1|0) != (v2|0)) return ((v1|0) > (v2|0) ? 1 : -1)|0;
      i = (i+1)|0;
    }
    return 0;
  },

  memchr: function(ptr, chr, num) {
    chr = unSign(chr);
    for (var i = 0; i < num; i++) {
      if ({{{ makeGetValue('ptr', 0, 'i8') }}} == chr) return ptr;
      ptr++;
    }
    return 0;
  },

  strnlen: function(ptr, num) {
    for (var i = 0; i < num; i++) {
      if ({{{ makeGetValue('ptr', 0, 'i8') }}} == 0) return i;
      ptr++;
    }
    return num;
  },

  strstr: function(ptr1, ptr2) {
    var check = 0, start;
    do {
      if (!check) {
        start = ptr1;
        check = ptr2;
      }
      var curr1 = {{{ makeGetValue('ptr1++', 0, 'i8') }}};
      var curr2 = {{{ makeGetValue('check++', 0, 'i8') }}};
      if (curr2 == 0) return start;
      if (curr2 != curr1) {
        // rewind to one character after start, to find ez in eeez
        ptr1 = start + 1;
        check = 0;
      }
    } while (curr1);
    return 0;
  },

  strchr: function(ptr, chr) {
    ptr--;
    do {
      ptr++;
      var val = {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', 0, 'i8') }}};
      if (val == chr) return ptr;
    } while (val);
    return 0;
  },
  index: 'strchr',

  strrchr__deps: ['strlen'],
  strrchr: function(ptr, chr) {
    var ptr2 = ptr + _strlen(ptr);
    do {
      if ({{{ makeGetValue('ptr2', 0, 'i8') }}} == chr) return ptr2;
      ptr2--;
    } while (ptr2 >= ptr);
    return 0;
  },
  rindex: 'strrchr',

  strdup__deps: ['strlen'],
  strdup: function(ptr) {
    var len = _strlen(ptr);
    var newStr = _malloc(len + 1);
    {{{ makeCopyValues('newStr', 'ptr', 'len', 'null', null, 1) }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('newStr', 'len', '0', 'i8') }}};
    return newStr;
  },

  strndup__deps: ['strdup', 'strlen'],
  strndup: function(ptr, size) {
    var len = _strlen(ptr);

    if (size >= len) {
      return _strdup(ptr);
    }

    if (size < 0) {
      size = 0;
    }

    var newStr = _malloc(size + 1);
    {{{ makeCopyValues('newStr', 'ptr', 'size', 'null', null, 1) }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('newStr', 'size', '0', 'i8') }}};
    return newStr;
  },

  strpbrk: function(ptr1, ptr2) {
    var curr;
    var searchSet = {};
    while (1) {
      var curr = {{{ makeGetValue('ptr2++', 0, 'i8') }}};
      if (!curr) break;
      searchSet[curr] = 1;
    }
    while (1) {
      curr = {{{ makeGetValue('ptr1', 0, 'i8') }}};
      if (!curr) break;
      if (curr in searchSet) return ptr1;
      ptr1++;
    }
    return 0;
  },

  __strtok_state: 0,
  strtok__deps: ['__strtok_state', 'strtok_r'],
  strtok__postset: '___strtok_state = Runtime.staticAlloc(4);',
  strtok: function(s, delim) {
    return _strtok_r(s, delim, ___strtok_state);
  },

  // Translated from newlib; for the original source and licensing, see library_strtok_r.c
  strtok_r: function(s, delim, lasts) {
    var skip_leading_delim = 1;
    var spanp;
    var c, sc;
    var tok;


    if (s == 0 && (s = getValue(lasts, 'i8*')) == 0) {
      return 0;
    }

    cont: while (1) {
      c = getValue(s++, 'i8');
      for (spanp = delim; (sc = getValue(spanp++, 'i8')) != 0;) {
        if (c == sc) {
          if (skip_leading_delim) {
            continue cont;
          } else {
            setValue(lasts, s, 'i8*');
            setValue(s - 1, 0, 'i8');
            return s - 1;
          }
        }
      }
      break;
    }

    if (c == 0) {
      setValue(lasts, 0, 'i8*');
      return 0;
    }
    tok = s - 1;

    for (;;) {
      c = getValue(s++, 'i8');
      spanp = delim;
      do {
        if ((sc = getValue(spanp++, 'i8')) == c) {
          if (c == 0) {
            s = 0;
          } else {
            setValue(s - 1, 0, 'i8');
          }
          setValue(lasts, s, 'i8*');
          return tok;
        }
      } while (sc != 0);
    }
    abort('strtok_r error!');
  },

  strerror_r__deps: ['$ERRNO_CODES', '$ERRNO_MESSAGES', '__setErrNo'],
  strerror_r: function(errnum, strerrbuf, buflen) {
    if (errnum in ERRNO_MESSAGES) {
      if (ERRNO_MESSAGES[errnum].length > buflen - 1) {
        return ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ERANGE);
      } else {
        var msg = ERRNO_MESSAGES[errnum];
        for (var i = 0; i < msg.length; i++) {
          {{{ makeSetValue('strerrbuf', 'i', 'msg.charCodeAt(i)', 'i8') }}}
        }
        {{{ makeSetValue('strerrbuf', 'i', 0, 'i8') }}}
        return 0;
      }
    } else {
      return ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL);
    }
  },
  strerror__deps: ['strerror_r'],
  strerror: function(errnum) {
    if (!_strerror.buffer) _strerror.buffer = _malloc(256);
    _strerror_r(errnum, _strerror.buffer, 256);
    return _strerror.buffer;
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // ctype.h
  // ==========================================================================

  isascii: function(chr) {
    return chr >= 0 && (chr & 0x80) == 0;
  },
  toascii: function(chr) {
    return chr & 0x7F;
  },
  toupper: function(chr) {
    if (chr >= {{{ charCode('a') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('z') }}}) {
      return chr - {{{ charCode('a') }}} + {{{ charCode('A') }}};
    } else {
      return chr;
    }
  },
  _toupper: 'toupper',

  tolower__asm: true,
  tolower__sig: 'ii',
  tolower: function(chr) {
    chr = chr|0;
    if ((chr|0) < {{{ charCode('A') }}}) return chr|0;
    if ((chr|0) > {{{ charCode('Z') }}}) return chr|0;
    return (chr - {{{ charCode('A') }}} + {{{ charCode('a') }}})|0;
  },
  _tolower: 'tolower',

  // The following functions are defined as macros in glibc.
  islower: function(chr) {
    return chr >= {{{ charCode('a') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('z') }}};
  },
  isupper: function(chr) {
    return chr >= {{{ charCode('A') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('Z') }}};
  },
  isalpha: function(chr) {
    return (chr >= {{{ charCode('a') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('z') }}}) ||
           (chr >= {{{ charCode('A') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('Z') }}});
  },
  isdigit: function(chr) {
    return chr >= {{{ charCode('0') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('9') }}};
  },
  isdigit_l: 'isdigit', // no locale support yet
  isxdigit: function(chr) {
    return (chr >= {{{ charCode('0') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('9') }}}) ||
           (chr >= {{{ charCode('a') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('f') }}}) ||
           (chr >= {{{ charCode('A') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('F') }}});
  },
  isxdigit_l: 'isxdigit', // no locale support yet
  isalnum: function(chr) {
    return (chr >= {{{ charCode('0') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('9') }}}) ||
           (chr >= {{{ charCode('a') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('z') }}}) ||
           (chr >= {{{ charCode('A') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('Z') }}});
  },
  ispunct: function(chr) {
    return (chr >= {{{ charCode('!') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('/') }}}) ||
           (chr >= {{{ charCode(':') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('@') }}}) ||
           (chr >= {{{ charCode('[') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('`') }}}) ||
           (chr >= {{{ charCode('{') }}} && chr <= {{{ charCode('~') }}});
  },
  isspace: function(chr) {
    return chr in { 32: 0, 9: 0, 10: 0, 11: 0, 12: 0, 13: 0 };
  },
  isblank: function(chr) {
    return chr == {{{ charCode(' ') }}} || chr == {{{ charCode('\t') }}};
  },
  iscntrl: function(chr) {
    return (0 <= chr && chr <= 0x1F) || chr === 0x7F;
  },
  isprint: function(chr) {
    return 0x1F < chr && chr < 0x7F;
  },
  isgraph: function(chr) {
    return 0x20 < chr && chr < 0x7F;
  },
  // Lookup tables for glibc ctype implementation.
  __ctype_b_loc: function() {
    // http://refspecs.freestandards.org/LSB_3.0.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/baselib---ctype-b-loc.html
    var me = ___ctype_b_loc;
    if (!me.ret) {
      var values = [
        0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
        0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
        0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,8195,8194,8194,8194,8194,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,24577,49156,49156,49156,
        49156,49156,49156,49156,49156,49156,49156,49156,49156,49156,49156,49156,55304,55304,55304,55304,55304,55304,55304,55304,
        55304,55304,49156,49156,49156,49156,49156,49156,49156,54536,54536,54536,54536,54536,54536,50440,50440,50440,50440,50440,
        50440,50440,50440,50440,50440,50440,50440,50440,50440,50440,50440,50440,50440,50440,50440,49156,49156,49156,49156,49156,
        49156,54792,54792,54792,54792,54792,54792,50696,50696,50696,50696,50696,50696,50696,50696,50696,50696,50696,50696,50696,
        50696,50696,50696,50696,50696,50696,50696,49156,49156,49156,49156,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
        0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
        0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
      ];
      var i16size = {{{ Runtime.getNativeTypeSize('i16') }}};
      var arr = _malloc(values.length * i16size);
      for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
        {{{ makeSetValue('arr', 'i * i16size', 'values[i]', 'i16') }}}
      }
      me.ret = allocate([arr + 128 * i16size], 'i16*', ALLOC_NORMAL);
    }
    return me.ret;
  },
  __ctype_tolower_loc: function() {
    // http://refspecs.freestandards.org/LSB_3.1.1/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/libutil---ctype-tolower-loc.html
    var me = ___ctype_tolower_loc;
    if (!me.ret) {
      var values = [
        128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,
        158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,
        188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,
        218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,
        248,249,250,251,252,253,254,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,
        33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,
        104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,
        104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,
        134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,
        164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,
        194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,
        224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,
        254,255
      ];
      var i32size = {{{ Runtime.getNativeTypeSize('i32') }}};
      var arr = _malloc(values.length * i32size);
      for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
        {{{ makeSetValue('arr', 'i * i32size', 'values[i]', 'i32') }}}
      }
      me.ret = allocate([arr + 128 * i32size], 'i32*', ALLOC_NORMAL);
    }
    return me.ret;
  },
  __ctype_toupper_loc: function() {
    // http://refspecs.freestandards.org/LSB_3.1.1/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/libutil---ctype-toupper-loc.html
    var me = ___ctype_toupper_loc;
    if (!me.ret) {
      var values = [
        128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,
        158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,
        188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,
        218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,
        248,249,250,251,252,253,254,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,
        33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,
        73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,
        81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,
        145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,
        175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,
        205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,
        235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255
      ];
      var i32size = {{{ Runtime.getNativeTypeSize('i32') }}};
      var arr = _malloc(values.length * i32size);
      for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
        {{{ makeSetValue('arr', 'i * i32size', 'values[i]', 'i32') }}}
      }
      me.ret = allocate([arr + 128 * i32size], 'i32*', ALLOC_NORMAL);
    }
    return me.ret;
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // LLVM specifics
  // ==========================================================================

  llvm_va_start__inline: function(ptr) {
    // varargs - we received a pointer to the varargs as a final 'extra' parameter called 'varrp'
#if TARGET_X86
    return makeSetValue(ptr, 0, 'varrp', 'void*');
#endif
#if TARGET_LE32
    // 2-word structure: struct { void* start; void* currentOffset; }
    return makeSetValue(ptr, 0, 'varrp', 'void*') + ';' + makeSetValue(ptr, Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE, 0, 'void*');
#endif
  },

  llvm_va_end: function() {},

  llvm_va_copy: function(ppdest, ppsrc) {
  	// copy the list start
    {{{ makeCopyValues('ppdest', 'ppsrc', Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE, 'null', null, 1) }}};
    
    // copy the list's current offset (will be advanced with each call to va_arg)
    {{{ makeCopyValues('(ppdest+'+Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE+')', '(ppsrc+'+Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE+')', Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE, 'null', null, 1) }}};
  },

  llvm_bswap_i16: function(x) {
    return ((x&0xff)<<8) | ((x>>8)&0xff);
  },

  llvm_bswap_i32: function(x) {
    return ((x&0xff)<<24) | (((x>>8)&0xff)<<16) | (((x>>16)&0xff)<<8) | (x>>>24);
  },

  llvm_bswap_i64__deps: ['llvm_bswap_i32'],
  llvm_bswap_i64: function(l, h) {
    var retl = _llvm_bswap_i32(h)>>>0;
    var reth = _llvm_bswap_i32(l)>>>0;
#if USE_TYPED_ARRAYS == 2
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['retl', 'reth']) }}};
#else
    throw 'unsupported';
#endif
  },

  llvm_ctlz_i32__deps: [function() {
    function ctlz(x) {
      for (var i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        if (x & (1 << (7-i))) {
          return i;
        }
      }
      return 8;
    }
    return 'var ctlz_i8 = allocate([' + range(256).map(function(x) { return ctlz(x) }).join(',') + '], "i8", ALLOC_STATIC);';
  }],
  llvm_ctlz_i32__asm: true,
  llvm_ctlz_i32__sig: 'ii',
  llvm_ctlz_i32: function(x) {
    x = x|0;
    var ret = 0;
    ret = {{{ makeGetValueAsm('ctlz_i8', 'x >>> 24', 'i8') }}};
    if ((ret|0) < 8) return ret|0;
    var ret = {{{ makeGetValueAsm('ctlz_i8', '(x >> 16)&0xff', 'i8') }}};
    if ((ret|0) < 8) return (ret + 8)|0;
    var ret = {{{ makeGetValueAsm('ctlz_i8', '(x >> 8)&0xff', 'i8') }}};
    if ((ret|0) < 8) return (ret + 16)|0;
    return ({{{ makeGetValueAsm('ctlz_i8', 'x&0xff', 'i8') }}} + 24)|0;
  },

  llvm_ctlz_i64__deps: ['llvm_ctlz_i32'],
  llvm_ctlz_i64: function(l, h) {
    var ret = _llvm_ctlz_i32(h);
    if (ret == 32) ret += _llvm_ctlz_i32(l);
#if USE_TYPED_ARRAYS == 2
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['ret', '0']) }}};
#else
    return ret;
#endif
  },

  llvm_cttz_i32__deps: [function() {
    function cttz(x) {
      for (var i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
        if (x & (1 << i)) {
          return i;
        }
      }
      return 8;
    }
    return 'var cttz_i8 = allocate([' + range(256).map(function(x) { return cttz(x) }).join(',') + '], "i8", ALLOC_STATIC);';
  }],
  llvm_cttz_i32__asm: true,
  llvm_cttz_i32__sig: 'ii',
  llvm_cttz_i32: function(x) {
    x = x|0;
    var ret = 0;
    ret = {{{ makeGetValueAsm('cttz_i8', 'x & 0xff', 'i8') }}};
    if ((ret|0) < 8) return ret|0;
    var ret = {{{ makeGetValueAsm('cttz_i8', '(x >> 8)&0xff', 'i8') }}};
    if ((ret|0) < 8) return (ret + 8)|0;
    var ret = {{{ makeGetValueAsm('cttz_i8', '(x >> 16)&0xff', 'i8') }}};
    if ((ret|0) < 8) return (ret + 16)|0;
    return ({{{ makeGetValueAsm('cttz_i8', 'x >>> 24', 'i8') }}} + 24)|0;
  },

  llvm_cttz_i64__deps: ['llvm_cttz_i32'],
  llvm_cttz_i64: function(l, h) {
    var ret = _llvm_cttz_i32(l);
    if (ret == 32) ret += _llvm_cttz_i32(h);
#if USE_TYPED_ARRAYS == 2
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['ret', '0']) }}};
#else
    return ret;
#endif
  },

  llvm_ctpop_i32: function(x) {
    var ret = 0;
    while (x) {
      if (x&1) ret++;
      x >>>= 1;
    }
    return ret;
  },

  llvm_ctpop_i64__deps: ['llvm_ctpop_i32'],
  llvm_ctpop_i64: function(l, h) {
    return _llvm_ctpop_i32(l) + _llvm_ctpop_i32(h);
  },

  llvm_trap: function() {
    throw 'trap! ' + new Error().stack;
  },

  __assert_fail: function(condition, file, line) {
    ABORT = true;
    throw 'Assertion failed: ' + Pointer_stringify(condition) + ' at ' + new Error().stack;
  },

  __assert_func: function(filename, line, func, condition) {
    throw 'Assertion failed: ' + (condition ? Pointer_stringify(condition) : 'unknown condition') + ', at: ' + [filename ? Pointer_stringify(filename) : 'unknown filename', line, func ? Pointer_stringify(func) : 'unknown function'] + ' at ' + new Error().stack;
  },

  __cxa_guard_acquire: function(variable) {
    if (!{{{ makeGetValue(0, 'variable', 'i8', null, null, 1) }}}) { // ignore SAFE_HEAP stuff because llvm mixes i64 and i8 here
      {{{ makeSetValue(0, 'variable', '1', 'i8') }}};
      return 1;
    }
    return 0;
  },
  __cxa_guard_release: function() {},
  __cxa_guard_abort: function() {},

  _ZTVN10__cxxabiv119__pointer_type_infoE: [0], // is a pointer
  _ZTVN10__cxxabiv117__class_type_infoE: [1], // no inherited classes
  _ZTVN10__cxxabiv120__si_class_type_infoE: [2], // yes inherited classes

  // Exceptions
  __cxa_allocate_exception: function(size) {
    return _malloc(size);
  },
  __cxa_free_exception: function(ptr) {
    try {
      return _free(ptr);
    } catch(e) { // XXX FIXME
#if ASSERTIONS
      Module.printErr('exception during cxa_free_exception: ' + e);
#endif
    }
  },
  __cxa_throw__sig: 'viii',
  __cxa_throw__deps: ['llvm_eh_exception', '_ZSt18uncaught_exceptionv', '__cxa_find_matching_catch'],
  __cxa_throw: function(ptr, type, destructor) {
    if (!___cxa_throw.initialized) {
      try {
        {{{ makeSetValue(makeGlobalUse('__ZTVN10__cxxabiv119__pointer_type_infoE'), '0', '0', 'i32') }}}; // Workaround for libcxxabi integration bug
      } catch(e){}
      try {
        {{{ makeSetValue(makeGlobalUse('__ZTVN10__cxxabiv117__class_type_infoE'), '0', '1', 'i32') }}}; // Workaround for libcxxabi integration bug
      } catch(e){}
      try {
        {{{ makeSetValue(makeGlobalUse('__ZTVN10__cxxabiv120__si_class_type_infoE'), '0', '2', 'i32') }}}; // Workaround for libcxxabi integration bug
      } catch(e){}
      ___cxa_throw.initialized = true;
    }
#if EXCEPTION_DEBUG
    Module.printErr('Compiled code throwing an exception, ' + [ptr,type,destructor] + ', at ' + new Error().stack);
#endif
    {{{ makeSetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', '0', 'ptr', 'void*') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', QUANTUM_SIZE, 'type', 'void*') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', 2 * QUANTUM_SIZE, 'destructor', 'void*') }}}
    if (!("uncaught_exception" in __ZSt18uncaught_exceptionv)) {
      __ZSt18uncaught_exceptionv.uncaught_exception = 1;
    } else {
      __ZSt18uncaught_exceptionv.uncaught_exception++;
    }
    {{{ makeThrow('ptr') }}};
  },
  __cxa_rethrow__deps: ['llvm_eh_exception', '__cxa_end_catch'],
  __cxa_rethrow: function() {
    ___cxa_end_catch.rethrown = true;
    {{{ makeThrow(makeGetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', '0', 'void*')) }}};
  },
  llvm_eh_exception__postset: '_llvm_eh_exception.buf = allocate(12, "void*", ALLOC_STATIC);',
  llvm_eh_exception: function() {
    return {{{ makeGetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', '0', 'void*') }}};
  },
  llvm_eh_selector__jsargs: true,
  llvm_eh_selector: function(unused_exception_value, personality/*, varargs*/) {
    var type = {{{ makeGetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', QUANTUM_SIZE, 'void*') }}}
    for (var i = 2; i < arguments.length; i++) {
      if (arguments[i] ==  type) return type;
    }
    return 0;
  },
  llvm_eh_typeid_for: function(type) {
    return type;
  },
  __cxa_begin_catch__deps: ['_ZSt18uncaught_exceptionv'],
  __cxa_begin_catch: function(ptr) {
    __ZSt18uncaught_exceptionv.uncaught_exception--;
    return ptr;
  },
  __cxa_end_catch__deps: ['llvm_eh_exception', '__cxa_free_exception'],
  __cxa_end_catch: function() {
    if (___cxa_end_catch.rethrown) {
      ___cxa_end_catch.rethrown = false;
      return;
    }
    // Clear state flag.
#if ASM_JS
    asm['setThrew'](0);
#else
    __THREW__ = 0;
#endif
    // Clear type.
    {{{ makeSetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', QUANTUM_SIZE, '0', 'void*') }}}
    // Call destructor if one is registered then clear it.
    var ptr = {{{ makeGetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', '0', 'void*') }}};
    var destructor = {{{ makeGetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', 2 * QUANTUM_SIZE, 'void*') }}};
    if (destructor) {
      Runtime.dynCall('vi', destructor, [ptr]);
      {{{ makeSetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', 2 * QUANTUM_SIZE, '0', 'i32') }}}
    }
    // Free ptr if it isn't null.
    if (ptr) {
      ___cxa_free_exception(ptr);
      {{{ makeSetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', '0', '0', 'void*') }}}
    }
  },
  __cxa_get_exception_ptr__deps: ['llvm_eh_exception'],
  __cxa_get_exception_ptr: function(ptr) {
    return ptr;
  },
  _ZSt18uncaught_exceptionv: function() { // std::uncaught_exception()
    return !!__ZSt18uncaught_exceptionv.uncaught_exception;
  },
  __cxa_uncaught_exception__deps: ['_Zst18uncaught_exceptionv'],
  __cxa_uncaught_exception: function() {
    return !!__ZSt18uncaught_exceptionv.uncaught_exception;
  },

  __cxa_call_unexpected: function(exception) {
    Module.printErr('Unexpected exception thrown, this is not properly supported - aborting');
    ABORT = true;
    throw exception;
  },

  _Unwind_Resume_or_Rethrow: function(ptr) {
    {{{ makeThrow('ptr') }}};
  },
  _Unwind_RaiseException: function(ptr) {
    {{{ makeThrow('ptr') }}};
  },
  _Unwind_DeleteException: function(ptr) {},

  terminate: '__cxa_call_unexpected',

  __gxx_personality_v0: function() {
  },

  __cxa_is_number_type: function(type) {
    var isNumber = false;
    try { if (type == {{{ makeGlobalUse('__ZTIi') }}}) isNumber = true } catch(e){}
    try { if (type == {{{ makeGlobalUse('__ZTIj') }}}) isNumber = true } catch(e){}
    try { if (type == {{{ makeGlobalUse('__ZTIl') }}}) isNumber = true } catch(e){}
    try { if (type == {{{ makeGlobalUse('__ZTIm') }}}) isNumber = true } catch(e){}
    try { if (type == {{{ makeGlobalUse('__ZTIx') }}}) isNumber = true } catch(e){}
    try { if (type == {{{ makeGlobalUse('__ZTIy') }}}) isNumber = true } catch(e){}
    try { if (type == {{{ makeGlobalUse('__ZTIf') }}}) isNumber = true } catch(e){}
    try { if (type == {{{ makeGlobalUse('__ZTId') }}}) isNumber = true } catch(e){}
    try { if (type == {{{ makeGlobalUse('__ZTIe') }}}) isNumber = true } catch(e){}
    try { if (type == {{{ makeGlobalUse('__ZTIc') }}}) isNumber = true } catch(e){}
    try { if (type == {{{ makeGlobalUse('__ZTIa') }}}) isNumber = true } catch(e){}
    try { if (type == {{{ makeGlobalUse('__ZTIh') }}}) isNumber = true } catch(e){}
    try { if (type == {{{ makeGlobalUse('__ZTIs') }}}) isNumber = true } catch(e){}
    try { if (type == {{{ makeGlobalUse('__ZTIt') }}}) isNumber = true } catch(e){}
    return isNumber;
  },

  // Finds a suitable catch clause for when an exception is thrown.
  // In normal compilers, this functionality is handled by the C++
  // 'personality' routine. This is passed a fairly complex structure
  // relating to the context of the exception and makes judgements
  // about how to handle it. Some of it is about matching a suitable
  // catch clause, and some of it is about unwinding. We already handle
  // unwinding using 'if' blocks around each function, so the remaining
  // functionality boils down to picking a suitable 'catch' block.
  // We'll do that here, instead, to keep things simpler.

  __cxa_find_matching_catch__deps: ['__cxa_does_inherit', '__cxa_is_number_type', '__resumeException'],
  __cxa_find_matching_catch: function(thrown, throwntype) {
    if (thrown == -1) thrown = {{{ makeGetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', '0', 'void*') }}};
    if (throwntype == -1) throwntype = {{{ makeGetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', QUANTUM_SIZE, 'void*') }}};
    var typeArray = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2);

    // If throwntype is a pointer, this means a pointer has been
    // thrown. When a pointer is thrown, actually what's thrown
    // is a pointer to the pointer. We'll dereference it.
    if (throwntype != 0 && !___cxa_is_number_type(throwntype)) {
      var throwntypeInfoAddr= {{{ makeGetValue('throwntype', '0', '*') }}} - {{{ Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE*2 }}};
      var throwntypeInfo= {{{ makeGetValue('throwntypeInfoAddr', '0', '*') }}};
      if (throwntypeInfo == 0)
        thrown = {{{ makeGetValue('thrown', '0', '*') }}};
    }
    // The different catch blocks are denoted by different types.
    // Due to inheritance, those types may not precisely match the
    // type of the thrown object. Find one which matches, and
    // return the type of the catch block which should be called.
    for (var i = 0; i < typeArray.length; i++) {
      if (___cxa_does_inherit(typeArray[i], throwntype, thrown))
        {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['thrown', 'typeArray[i]']) }}};
    }
    // Shouldn't happen unless we have bogus data in typeArray
    // or encounter a type for which emscripten doesn't have suitable
    // typeinfo defined. Best-efforts match just in case.
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['thrown', 'throwntype']) }}};
  },

  __resumeException__deps: [function() { Functions.libraryFunctions['__resumeException'] = 1 }], // will be called directly from compiled code
  __resumeException: function(ptr) {
#if EXCEPTION_DEBUG
    Module.print("Resuming exception");
#endif
    if ({{{ makeGetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', 0, 'void*') }}} == 0) {{{ makeSetValue('_llvm_eh_exception.buf', 0, 'ptr', 'void*') }}};
    {{{ makeThrow('ptr') }}};
  },

  // Recursively walks up the base types of 'possibilityType'
  // to see if any of them match 'definiteType'.
  __cxa_does_inherit__deps: ['__cxa_is_number_type'],
  __cxa_does_inherit: function(definiteType, possibilityType, possibility) {
    if (possibility == 0) return false;
    if (possibilityType == 0 || possibilityType == definiteType)
      return true;
    var possibility_type_info;
    if (___cxa_is_number_type(possibilityType)) {
      possibility_type_info = possibilityType;
    } else {
      var possibility_type_infoAddr = {{{ makeGetValue('possibilityType', '0', '*') }}} - {{{ Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE*2 }}};
      possibility_type_info = {{{ makeGetValue('possibility_type_infoAddr', '0', '*') }}};
    }
    switch (possibility_type_info) {
    case 0: // possibility is a pointer
      // See if definite type is a pointer
      var definite_type_infoAddr = {{{ makeGetValue('definiteType', '0', '*') }}} - {{{ Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE*2 }}};
      var definite_type_info = {{{ makeGetValue('definite_type_infoAddr', '0', '*') }}};
      if (definite_type_info == 0) {
        // Also a pointer; compare base types of pointers
        var defPointerBaseAddr = definiteType+{{{ Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE*2 }}};
        var defPointerBaseType = {{{ makeGetValue('defPointerBaseAddr', '0', '*') }}};
        var possPointerBaseAddr = possibilityType+{{{ Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE*2 }}};
        var possPointerBaseType = {{{ makeGetValue('possPointerBaseAddr', '0', '*') }}};
        return ___cxa_does_inherit(defPointerBaseType, possPointerBaseType, possibility);
      } else
        return false; // one pointer and one non-pointer
    case 1: // class with no base class
      return false;
    case 2: // class with base class
      var parentTypeAddr = possibilityType + {{{ Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE*2 }}};
      var parentType = {{{ makeGetValue('parentTypeAddr', '0', '*') }}};
      return ___cxa_does_inherit(definiteType, parentType, possibility);
    default:
      return false; // some unencountered type
    }
  },

  _ZNSt9exceptionD2Ev: function(){}, // XXX a dependency of dlmalloc, but not actually needed if libcxx is not anyhow included

  _ZNSt9type_infoD2Ev: function(){},

  // RTTI hacks for exception handling, defining type_infos for common types.
  // The values are dummies. We simply use the addresses of these statically
  // allocated variables as unique identifiers.
  _ZTIb: [0], // bool
  _ZTIi: [0], // int
  _ZTIj: [0], // unsigned int
  _ZTIl: [0], // long
  _ZTIm: [0], // unsigned long
  _ZTIx: [0], // long long
  _ZTIy: [0], // unsigned long long
  _ZTIf: [0], // float
  _ZTId: [0], // double
  _ZTIe: [0], // long double
  _ZTIc: [0], // char
  _ZTIa: [0], // signed char
  _ZTIh: [0], // unsigned char
  _ZTIs: [0], // short
  _ZTIt: [0], // unsigned short
  _ZTIv: [0], // void
  _ZTIPv: [0], // void*

  llvm_uadd_with_overflow_i8: function(x, y) {
    x = x & 0xff;
    y = y & 0xff;
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['(x+y) & 0xff', 'x+y > 255']) }}};
  },

  llvm_umul_with_overflow_i8: function(x, y) {
    x = x & 0xff;
    y = y & 0xff;
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['(x*y) & 0xff', 'x*y > 255']) }}};
  },

  llvm_uadd_with_overflow_i16: function(x, y) {
    x = x & 0xffff;
    y = y & 0xffff;
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['(x+y) & 0xffff', 'x+y > 65535']) }}};
  },

  llvm_umul_with_overflow_i16: function(x, y) {
    x = x & 0xffff;
    y = y & 0xffff;
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['(x*y) & 0xffff', 'x*y > 65535']) }}};
  },

  llvm_uadd_with_overflow_i32: function(x, y) {
    x = x>>>0;
    y = y>>>0;
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['(x+y)>>>0', 'x+y > 4294967295']) }}};
  },

  llvm_umul_with_overflow_i32: function(x, y) {
    x = x>>>0;
    y = y>>>0;
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['(x*y)>>>0', 'x*y > 4294967295']) }}};
  },

  llvm_umul_with_overflow_i64__deps: [function() { Types.preciseI64MathUsed = 1 }],
  llvm_umul_with_overflow_i64: function(xl, xh, yl, yh) {
#if ASSERTIONS
    Runtime.warnOnce('no overflow support in llvm_umul_with_overflow_i64');
#endif
    var low = ___muldi3(xl, xh, yl, yh);
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['low', 'tempRet0', '0']) }}};
  },

  llvm_stacksave: function() {
    var self = _llvm_stacksave;
    if (!self.LLVM_SAVEDSTACKS) {
      self.LLVM_SAVEDSTACKS = [];
    }
    self.LLVM_SAVEDSTACKS.push(Runtime.stackSave());
    return self.LLVM_SAVEDSTACKS.length-1;
  },
  llvm_stackrestore: function(p) {
    var self = _llvm_stacksave;
    var ret = self.LLVM_SAVEDSTACKS[p];
    self.LLVM_SAVEDSTACKS.splice(p, 1);
    Runtime.stackRestore(ret);
  },

  __cxa_pure_virtual: function() {
    ABORT = true;
    throw 'Pure virtual function called!';
  },

  llvm_flt_rounds: function() {
    return -1; // 'indeterminable' for FLT_ROUNDS
  },

  llvm_memory_barrier: function(){},

  llvm_atomic_load_add_i32_p0i32: function(ptr, delta) {
    var ret = {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', '0', 'i32') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('ptr', '0', 'ret+delta', 'i32') }}};
    return ret;
  },

  llvm_expect_i32__inline: function(val, expected) {
    return '(' + val + ')';
  },

  llvm_lifetime_start: function() {},
  llvm_lifetime_end: function() {},

  llvm_invariant_start: function() {},
  llvm_invariant_end: function() {},

  llvm_objectsize_i32: function() { return -1 }, // TODO: support this

  llvm_dbg_declare__inline: function() { throw 'llvm_debug_declare' }, // avoid warning

  // ==========================================================================
  // llvm-mono integration
  // ==========================================================================

  llvm_mono_load_i8_p0i8: function(ptr) {
    return {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', 0, 'i8') }}};
  },

  llvm_mono_store_i8_p0i8: function(value, ptr) {
    {{{ makeSetValue('ptr', 0, 'value', 'i8') }}};
  },

  llvm_mono_load_i16_p0i16: function(ptr) {
    return {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', 0, 'i16') }}};
  },

  llvm_mono_store_i16_p0i16: function(value, ptr) {
    {{{ makeSetValue('ptr', 0, 'value', 'i16') }}};
  },

  llvm_mono_load_i32_p0i32: function(ptr) {
    return {{{ makeGetValue('ptr', 0, 'i32') }}};
  },

  llvm_mono_store_i32_p0i32: function(value, ptr) {
    {{{ makeSetValue('ptr', 0, 'value', 'i32') }}};
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // math.h
  // ==========================================================================

  cos: 'Math.cos',
  cosf: 'Math.cos',
  sin: 'Math.sin',
  sinf: 'Math.sin',
  tan: 'Math.tan',
  tanf: 'Math.tan',
  acos: 'Math.acos',
  acosf: 'Math.acos',
  asin: 'Math.asin',
  asinf: 'Math.asin',
  atan: 'Math.atan',
  atanf: 'Math.atan',
  atan2: 'Math.atan2',
  atan2f: 'Math.atan2',
  exp: 'Math.exp',
  expf: 'Math.exp',

  // The erf and erfc functions are inspired from
  // http://www.digitalmars.com/archives/cplusplus/3634.html
  // and mruby source code at
  // https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/src/math.c
  erfc: function (x) {
    var MATH_TOLERANCE = 1E-12;
    var ONE_SQRTPI = 0.564189583547756287;
    var a = 1;
    var b = x;
    var c = x;
    var d = x * x + 0.5;
    var n = 1.0;
    var q2 = b / d;
    var q1, t;

    if (Math.abs(x) < 2.2) {
      return 1.0 - _erf(x);
    }
    if (x < 0) {
      return 2.0 - _erfc(-x);
    }
    do {
      t = a * n + b * x;
      a = b;
      b = t;
      t = c * n + d * x;
      c = d;
      d = t;
      n += 0.5;
      q1 = q2;
      q2 = b / d;
    } while (Math.abs(q1 - q2) / q2 > MATH_TOLERANCE);
    return (ONE_SQRTPI * Math.exp(- x * x) * q2);
  },
  erfcf: 'erfcf',
  erf__deps: ['erfc'],
  erf: function (x) {
    var MATH_TOLERANCE = 1E-12;
    var TWO_SQRTPI = 1.128379167095512574;
    var sum = x;
    var term = x;
    var xsqr = x*x;
    var j = 1;

    if (Math.abs(x) > 2.2) {
      return 1.0 - _erfc(x);
    }
    do {
      term *= xsqr / j;
      sum -= term / (2 * j + 1);
      ++j;
      term *= xsqr / j;
      sum += term / (2 * j + 1);
      ++j;
    } while (Math.abs(term / sum) > MATH_TOLERANCE);
    return (TWO_SQRTPI * sum);
  },
  erff: 'erf',
  log: 'Math.log',
  logf: 'Math.log',
  sqrt: 'Math.sqrt',
  sqrtf: 'Math.sqrt',
  fabs: 'Math.abs',
  fabsf: 'Math.abs',
  ceil: 'Math.ceil',
  ceilf: 'Math.ceil',
  floor: 'Math.floor',
  floorf: 'Math.floor',
  pow: 'Math.pow',
  powf: 'Math.pow',
  llvm_sqrt_f32: 'Math.sqrt',
  llvm_sqrt_f64: 'Math.sqrt',
  llvm_pow_f32: 'Math.pow',
  llvm_pow_f64: 'Math.pow',
  llvm_log_f32: 'Math.log',
  llvm_log_f64: 'Math.log',
  llvm_exp_f32: 'Math.exp',
  llvm_exp_f64: 'Math.exp',
  ldexp: function(x, exp_) {
    return x * Math.pow(2, exp_);
  },
  ldexpf: 'ldexp',
  scalb: 'ldexp',
  scalbn: 'ldexp',
  scalbnf: 'ldexp',
  scalbln: 'ldexp',
  scalblnf: 'ldexp',
  cbrt: function(x) {
    return Math.pow(x, 1/3);
  },
  cbrtf: 'cbrt',
  cbrtl: 'cbrt',

  modf: function(x, intpart) {
    {{{ makeSetValue('intpart', 0, 'Math.floor(x)', 'double') }}}
    return x - {{{ makeGetValue('intpart', 0, 'double') }}};
  },
  modff: function(x, intpart) {
    {{{ makeSetValue('intpart', 0, 'Math.floor(x)', 'float') }}}
    return x - {{{ makeGetValue('intpart', 0, 'float') }}};
  },
  frexp: function(x, exp_addr) {
    var sig = 0, exp_ = 0;
    if (x !== 0) {
      var sign = 1;
      if (x < 0) {
        x = -x;
        sign = -1;
      }
      var raw_exp = Math.log(x)/Math.log(2);
      exp_ = Math.ceil(raw_exp);
      if (exp_ === raw_exp) exp_ += 1;
      sig = sign*x/Math.pow(2, exp_);
    }
    {{{ makeSetValue('exp_addr', 0, 'exp_', 'i32') }}}
    return sig;
  },
  frexpf: 'frexp',
  finite: function(x) {
    return isFinite(x);
  },
  __finite: 'finite',
  isinf: function(x) {
    return !isNaN(x) && !isFinite(x);
  },
  __isinf: 'isinf',
  isnan: function(x) {
    return isNaN(x);
  },
  __isnan: 'isnan',

  _reallyNegative: function(x) {
    return x < 0 || (x === 0 && (1/x) === -Infinity);
  },

  copysign__deps: ['_reallyNegative'],
  copysign: function(a, b) {
    return __reallyNegative(a) === __reallyNegative(b) ? a : -a;
  },
  copysignf: 'copysign',
  __signbit__deps: ['copysign'],
  __signbit: function(x) {
    // We implement using copysign so that we get support
    // for negative zero (once copysign supports that).
    return _copysign(1.0, x) < 0;
  },
  __signbitf: '__signbit',
  __signbitd: '__signbit',
  hypot: function(a, b) {
     return Math.sqrt(a*a + b*b);
  },
  hypotf: 'hypot',
  sinh: function(x) {
    var p = Math.pow(Math.E, x);
    return (p - (1 / p)) / 2;
  },
  sinhf: 'sinh',
  cosh: function(x) {
    var p = Math.pow(Math.E, x);
    return (p + (1 / p)) / 2;
  },
  coshf: 'cosh',
  tanh__deps: ['sinh', 'cosh'],
  tanh: function(x) {
    return _sinh(x) / _cosh(x);
  },
  tanhf: 'tanh',
  asinh: function(x) {
    return Math.log(x + Math.sqrt(x * x + 1));
  },
  asinhf: 'asinh',
  acosh: function(x) {
    return Math.log(x * 1 + Math.sqrt(x * x - 1));
  },
  acoshf: 'acosh',
  atanh: function(x) {
    return Math.log((1 + x) / (1 - x)) / 2;
  },
  atanhf: 'atanh',
  exp2: function(x) {
    return Math.pow(2, x);
  },
  exp2f: 'exp2',
  expm1: function(x) {
    return Math.exp(x) - 1;
  },
  expm1f: 'expm1',
  round: function(x) {
    return (x < 0) ? -Math.round(-x) : Math.round(x);
  },
  roundf: 'round',
  lround: 'round',
  lroundf: 'round',
  llround: 'round',
  llroundf: 'round',
  rint: function(x) {
    if (Math.abs(x % 1) !== 0.5) return Math.round(x);
    return x + x % 2 + ((x < 0) ? 1 : -1);
  },
  rintf: 'rint',
  lrint: 'rint',
  lrintf: 'rint',
#if USE_TYPED_ARRAYS == 2
  llrint: function(x) {
    x = (x < 0) ? -Math.round(-x) : Math.round(x);
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(splitI64('x')) }}};
  },
#else
  llrint: 'rint',
#endif
  llrintf: 'llrint',
  nearbyint: 'rint',
  nearbyintf: 'rint',
  trunc: function(x) {
    return (x < 0) ? Math.ceil(x) : Math.floor(x);
  },
  truncf: 'trunc',
  fdim: function(x, y) {
    return (x > y) ? x - y : 0;
  },
  fdimf: 'fdim',
  fmax: function(x, y) {
    return isNaN(x) ? y : isNaN(y) ? x : Math.max(x, y);
  },
  fmaxf: 'fmax',
  fmin: function(x, y) {
    return isNaN(x) ? y : isNaN(y) ? x : Math.min(x, y);
  },
  fminf: 'fmin',
  fma: function(x, y, z) {
    return x * y + z;
  },
  fmaf: 'fma',
  fmod: function(x, y) {
    return x % y;
  },
  fmodf: 'fmod',
  remainder: 'fmod',
  remainderf: 'fmod',
  log10: function(x) {
    return Math.log(x) / Math.LN10;
  },
  log10f: 'log10',
  log1p: function(x) {
    return Math.log(1 + x);
  },
  log1pf: 'log1p',
  log2: function(x) {
    return Math.log(x) / Math.LN2;
  },
  log2f: 'log2',
  nan: function(x) {
    return NaN;
  },
  nanf: 'nan',

  sincos: function(x, sine, cosine) {
    var sineVal = Math.sin(x),
        cosineVal = Math.cos(x);
    {{{ makeSetValue('sine', '0', 'sineVal', 'double') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('cosine', '0', 'cosineVal', 'double') }}};
  },

  sincosf: function(x, sine, cosine) {
    var sineVal = Math.sin(x),
        cosineVal = Math.cos(x);
    {{{ makeSetValue('sine', '0', 'sineVal', 'float') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('cosine', '0', 'cosineVal', 'float') }}};
  },

  __div_t_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
                            ['i32', 'quot'],
                            ['i32', 'rem'],
                          ]),
  div__deps: ['__div_t_struct_layout'],
  div: function(divt, numer, denom) {
    var quot = Math.floor(numer / denom);
    var rem = numer - quot * denom;
    var offset = ___div_t_struct_layout.rem;
    {{{ makeSetValue('divt', '0', 'quot', 'i32') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('divt', 'offset', 'rem', 'i32') }}};
    return divt;
  },

  __fpclassifyf: function(x) {
    if (isNaN(x)) return {{{ cDefine('FP_NAN') }}};
    if (!isFinite(x)) return {{{ cDefine('FP_INFINITE') }}};
    if (x == 0) return {{{ cDefine('FP_ZERO') }}};
    // FP_SUBNORMAL..?
    return {{{ cDefine('FP_NORMAL') }}};
  },
  __fpclassifyd: '__fpclassifyf',

  // ==========================================================================
  // sys/utsname.h
  // ==========================================================================

  __utsname_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
	  ['b32', 'sysname'],
	  ['b32', 'nodename'],
	  ['b32', 'release'],
	  ['b32', 'version'],
	  ['b32', 'machine']]),
  uname__deps: ['__utsname_struct_layout'],
  uname: function(name) {
    // int uname(struct utsname *name);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/uname.html
    function copyString(element, value) {
      var offset = ___utsname_struct_layout[element];
      for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
        {{{ makeSetValue('name', 'offset + i', 'value.charCodeAt(i)', 'i8') }}}
      }
      {{{ makeSetValue('name', 'offset + i', '0', 'i8') }}}
    }
    if (name === 0) {
      return -1;
    } else {
      copyString('sysname', 'Emscripten');
      copyString('nodename', 'emscripten');
      copyString('release', '1.0');
      copyString('version', '#1');
      copyString('machine', 'x86-JS');
      return 0;
    }
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // dlfcn.h - Dynamic library loading
  //
  // Some limitations:
  //
  //  * Minification on each file separately may not work, as they will
  //    have different shortened names. You can in theory combine them, then
  //    minify, then split... perhaps.
  //
  //  * LLVM optimizations may fail. If the child wants to access a function
  //    in the parent, LLVM opts may remove it from the parent when it is
  //    being compiled. Not sure how to tell LLVM to not do so.
  // ==========================================================================

  // Data for dlfcn.h.
  $DLFCN_DATA: {
    error: null,
    errorMsg: null,
    loadedLibs: {}, // handle -> [refcount, name, lib_object]
    loadedLibNames: {}, // name -> handle
  },
  // void* dlopen(const char* filename, int flag);
  dlopen__deps: ['$DLFCN_DATA', '$FS', '$ENV'],
  dlopen: function(filename, flag) {
    // void *dlopen(const char *file, int mode);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/dlopen.html
    filename = filename === 0 ? '__self__' : (ENV['LD_LIBRARY_PATH'] || '/') + Pointer_stringify(filename);

    if (DLFCN_DATA.loadedLibNames[filename]) {
      // Already loaded; increment ref count and return.
      var handle = DLFCN_DATA.loadedLibNames[filename];
      DLFCN_DATA.loadedLibs[handle].refcount++;
      return handle;
    }

    if (filename === '__self__') {
      var handle = -1;
      var lib_module = Module;
      var cached_functions = SYMBOL_TABLE;
    } else {
      var target = FS.findObject(filename);
      if (!target || target.isFolder || target.isDevice) {
        DLFCN_DATA.errorMsg = 'Could not find dynamic lib: ' + filename;
        return 0;
      } else {
        FS.forceLoadFile(target);
        var lib_data = intArrayToString(target.contents);
      }

      try {
        var lib_module = eval(lib_data)({{{ Functions.getTable('x') }}}.length);
      } catch (e) {
#if ASSERTIONS
        Module.printErr('Error in loading dynamic library: ' + e);
#endif
        DLFCN_DATA.errorMsg = 'Could not evaluate dynamic lib: ' + filename;
        return 0;
      }

      // Not all browsers support Object.keys().
      var handle = 1;
      for (var key in DLFCN_DATA.loadedLibs) {
        if (DLFCN_DATA.loadedLibs.hasOwnProperty(key)) handle++;
      }

      // We don't care about RTLD_NOW and RTLD_LAZY.
      if (flag & 256) { // RTLD_GLOBAL
        for (var ident in lib_module) {
          if (lib_module.hasOwnProperty(ident)) {
            Module[ident] = lib_module[ident];
          }
        }
      }

      var cached_functions = {};
    }
    DLFCN_DATA.loadedLibs[handle] = {
      refcount: 1,
      name: filename,
      module: lib_module,
      cached_functions: cached_functions
    };
    DLFCN_DATA.loadedLibNames[filename] = handle;

    return handle;
  },
  // int dlclose(void* handle);
  dlclose__deps: ['$DLFCN_DATA'],
  dlclose: function(handle) {
    // int dlclose(void *handle);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/dlclose.html
    if (!DLFCN_DATA.loadedLibs[handle]) {
      DLFCN_DATA.errorMsg = 'Tried to dlclose() unopened handle: ' + handle;
      return 1;
    } else {
      var lib_record = DLFCN_DATA.loadedLibs[handle];
      if (--lib_record.refcount == 0) {
        delete DLFCN_DATA.loadedLibNames[lib_record.name];
        delete DLFCN_DATA.loadedLibs[handle];
      }
      return 0;
    }
  },
  // void* dlsym(void* handle, const char* symbol);
  dlsym__deps: ['$DLFCN_DATA'],
  dlsym: function(handle, symbol) {
    // void *dlsym(void *restrict handle, const char *restrict name);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/dlsym.html
    symbol = '_' + Pointer_stringify(symbol);

    if (!DLFCN_DATA.loadedLibs[handle]) {
      DLFCN_DATA.errorMsg = 'Tried to dlsym() from an unopened handle: ' + handle;
      return 0;
    } else {
      var lib = DLFCN_DATA.loadedLibs[handle];
      // self-dlopen means that lib.module is not a superset of
      // cached_functions, so check the latter first
      if (lib.cached_functions.hasOwnProperty(symbol)) {
        return lib.cached_functions[symbol];
      } else {
        if (!lib.module.hasOwnProperty(symbol)) {
          DLFCN_DATA.errorMsg = ('Tried to lookup unknown symbol "' + symbol +
                                 '" in dynamic lib: ' + lib.name);
          return 0;
        } else {
          var result = lib.module[symbol];
          if (typeof result == 'function') {
            {{{ Functions.getTable('x') }}}.push(result);
            {{{ Functions.getTable('x') }}}.push(0);
            result = {{{ Functions.getTable('x') }}}.length - 2;
            lib.cached_functions = result;
          }
          return result;
        }
      }
    }
  },
  // char* dlerror(void);
  dlerror__deps: ['$DLFCN_DATA'],
  dlerror: function() {
    // char *dlerror(void);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/dlerror.html
    if (DLFCN_DATA.errorMsg === null) {
      return 0;
    } else {
      if (DLFCN_DATA.error) _free(DLFCN_DATA.error);
      var msgArr = intArrayFromString(DLFCN_DATA.errorMsg);
      DLFCN_DATA.error = allocate(msgArr, 'i8', ALLOC_NORMAL);
      DLFCN_DATA.errorMsg = null;
      return DLFCN_DATA.error;
    }
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // pwd.h
  // ==========================================================================

  // TODO: Implement.
  // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/pwd.h.html
  getpwuid: function(uid) {
    return 0; // NULL
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // time.h
  // ==========================================================================

  clock: function() {
    if (_clock.start === undefined) _clock.start = Date.now();
    return Math.floor((Date.now() - _clock.start) * ({{{ cDefine('CLOCKS_PER_SEC') }}}/1000));
  },

  time: function(ptr) {
    var ret = Math.floor(Date.now()/1000);
    if (ptr) {
      {{{ makeSetValue('ptr', 0, 'ret', 'i32') }}}
    }
    return ret;
  },

  difftime: function(time1, time0) {
    return time1 - time0;
  },

  __tm_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
    ['i32', 'tm_sec'],
    ['i32', 'tm_min'],
    ['i32', 'tm_hour'],
    ['i32', 'tm_mday'],
    ['i32', 'tm_mon'],
    ['i32', 'tm_year'],
    ['i32', 'tm_wday'],
    ['i32', 'tm_yday'],
    ['i32', 'tm_isdst'],
    ['i32', 'tm_gmtoff'],
    ['i32', 'tm_zone']]),
  // Statically allocated time struct.
  __tm_current: 'allocate({{{ Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE }}}*26, "i8", ALLOC_STATIC)',
  // Statically allocated timezone strings.
  __tm_timezones: {},
  // Statically allocated time strings.
  __tm_formatted: 'allocate({{{ Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE }}}*26, "i8", ALLOC_STATIC)',

  mktime__deps: ['__tm_struct_layout', 'tzset'],
  mktime: function(tmPtr) {
    _tzset();
    var offsets = ___tm_struct_layout;
    var year = {{{ makeGetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_year', 'i32') }}};
    var timestamp = new Date(year >= 1900 ? year : year + 1900,
                             {{{ makeGetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_mon', 'i32') }}},
                             {{{ makeGetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_mday', 'i32') }}},
                             {{{ makeGetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_hour', 'i32') }}},
                             {{{ makeGetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_min', 'i32') }}},
                             {{{ makeGetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_sec', 'i32') }}},
                             0).getTime() / 1000;
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_wday', 'new Date(timestamp).getDay()', 'i32') }}}
    var yday = Math.round((timestamp - (new Date(year, 0, 1)).getTime()) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_yday', 'yday', 'i32') }}}
    return timestamp;
  },
  timelocal: 'mktime',

  gmtime__deps: ['malloc', '__tm_struct_layout', '__tm_current', 'gmtime_r'],
  gmtime: function(time) {
    return _gmtime_r(time, ___tm_current);
  },

  gmtime_r__deps: ['__tm_struct_layout', '__tm_timezones'],
  gmtime_r: function(time, tmPtr) {
    var date = new Date({{{ makeGetValue('time', 0, 'i32') }}}*1000);
    var offsets = ___tm_struct_layout;
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_sec', 'date.getUTCSeconds()', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_min', 'date.getUTCMinutes()', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_hour', 'date.getUTCHours()', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_mday', 'date.getUTCDate()', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_mon', 'date.getUTCMonth()', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_year', 'date.getUTCFullYear()-1900', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_wday', 'date.getUTCDay()', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_gmtoff', '0', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_isdst', '0', 'i32') }}}
    var start = new Date(date); // define date using UTC, start from Jan 01 00:00:00 UTC
    start.setUTCDate(1);
    start.setUTCMonth(0);
    start.setUTCHours(0);
    start.setUTCMinutes(0);
    start.setUTCSeconds(0);
    start.setUTCMilliseconds(0);
    var yday = Math.floor((date.getTime() - start.getTime()) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_yday', 'yday', 'i32') }}}

    var timezone = "GMT";
    if (!(timezone in ___tm_timezones)) {
      ___tm_timezones[timezone] = allocate(intArrayFromString(timezone), 'i8', ALLOC_NORMAL);
    }
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_zone', '___tm_timezones[timezone]', 'i32') }}}

    return tmPtr;
  },
  timegm__deps: ['mktime'],
  timegm: function(tmPtr) {
    _tzset();
    var offset = {{{ makeGetValue(makeGlobalUse('__timezone'), 0, 'i32') }}};
    var daylight = {{{ makeGetValue(makeGlobalUse('__daylight'), 0, 'i32') }}};
    daylight = (daylight == 1) ? 60 * 60 : 0;
    var ret = _mktime(tmPtr) + offset - daylight;
    return ret;
  },

  localtime__deps: ['malloc', '__tm_struct_layout', '__tm_current', 'localtime_r'],
  localtime: function(time) {
    return _localtime_r(time, ___tm_current);
  },

  localtime_r__deps: ['__tm_struct_layout', '__tm_timezones', 'tzset'],
  localtime_r: function(time, tmPtr) {
    _tzset();
    var offsets = ___tm_struct_layout;
    var date = new Date({{{ makeGetValue('time', 0, 'i32') }}}*1000);
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_sec', 'date.getSeconds()', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_min', 'date.getMinutes()', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_hour', 'date.getHours()', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_mday', 'date.getDate()', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_mon', 'date.getMonth()', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_year', 'date.getFullYear()-1900', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_wday', 'date.getDay()', 'i32') }}}

    var start = new Date(date.getFullYear(), 0, 1);
    var yday = Math.floor((date.getTime() - start.getTime()) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_yday', 'yday', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_gmtoff', 'start.getTimezoneOffset() * 60', 'i32') }}}

    var dst = Number(start.getTimezoneOffset() != date.getTimezoneOffset());
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_isdst', 'dst', 'i32') }}}

    var timezone = 'GMT'; // XXX do not rely on browser timezone info, it is very unpredictable | date.toString().match(/\(([A-Z]+)\)/)[1];
    if (!(timezone in ___tm_timezones)) {
      ___tm_timezones[timezone] = allocate(intArrayFromString(timezone), 'i8', ALLOC_NORMAL);
    }
    {{{ makeSetValue('tmPtr', 'offsets.tm_zone', '___tm_timezones[timezone]', 'i32') }}}

    return tmPtr;
  },

  asctime__deps: ['malloc', '__tm_formatted', 'asctime_r'],
  asctime: function(tmPtr) {
    return _asctime_r(tmPtr, ___tm_formatted);
  },

  asctime_r__deps: ['__tm_formatted', 'mktime'],
  asctime_r: function(tmPtr, buf) {
    var date = new Date(_mktime(tmPtr)*1000);
    var formatted = date.toString();
    var datePart = formatted.replace(/\d{4}.*/, '').replace(/ 0/, '  ');
    var timePart = formatted.match(/\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}/)[0];
    formatted = datePart + timePart + ' ' + date.getFullYear() + '\n';
    formatted.split('').forEach(function(chr, index) {
      {{{ makeSetValue('buf', 'index', 'chr.charCodeAt(0)', 'i8') }}}
    });
    {{{ makeSetValue('buf', '25', '0', 'i8') }}}
    return buf;
  },

  ctime__deps: ['localtime', 'asctime'],
  ctime: function(timer) {
    return _asctime(_localtime(timer));
  },

  ctime_r__deps: ['localtime', 'asctime'],
  ctime_r: function(timer, buf) {
    return _asctime_r(_localtime_r(timer, ___tm_current), buf);
  },

  dysize: function(year) {
    var leap = ((year % 4 == 0) && ((year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0)));
    return leap ? 366 : 365;
  },

  // TODO: Initialize these to defaults on startup from system settings.
  // Note: glibc has one fewer underscore for all of these. Also used in other related functions (timegm)
  _tzname: 'allocate({{{ 2*Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE }}}, "i32*", ALLOC_STATIC)',
  _daylight: 'allocate(1, "i32*", ALLOC_STATIC)',
  _timezone: 'allocate(1, "i32*", ALLOC_STATIC)',
  tzset__deps: ['_tzname', '_daylight', '_timezone'],
  tzset: function() {
    // TODO: Use (malleable) environment variables instead of system settings.
    if (_tzset.called) return;
    _tzset.called = true;

    {{{ makeSetValue(makeGlobalUse('__timezone'), '0', '-(new Date()).getTimezoneOffset() * 60', 'i32') }}}

    var winter = new Date(2000, 0, 1);
    var summer = new Date(2000, 6, 1);
    {{{ makeSetValue(makeGlobalUse('__daylight'), '0', 'Number(winter.getTimezoneOffset() != summer.getTimezoneOffset())', 'i32') }}}

    var winterName = 'GMT'; // XXX do not rely on browser timezone info, it is very unpredictable | winter.toString().match(/\(([A-Z]+)\)/)[1];
    var summerName = 'GMT'; // XXX do not rely on browser timezone info, it is very unpredictable | summer.toString().match(/\(([A-Z]+)\)/)[1];
    var winterNamePtr = allocate(intArrayFromString(winterName), 'i8', ALLOC_NORMAL);
    var summerNamePtr = allocate(intArrayFromString(summerName), 'i8', ALLOC_NORMAL);
    {{{ makeSetValue(makeGlobalUse('__tzname'), '0', 'winterNamePtr', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue(makeGlobalUse('__tzname'), Runtime.QUANTUM_SIZE, 'summerNamePtr', 'i32') }}}
  },

  stime__deps: ['$ERRNO_CODES', '__setErrNo'],
  stime: function(when) {
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EPERM);
    return -1;
  },

  _MONTH_DAYS_REGULAR: [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31],
  _MONTH_DAYS_LEAP: [31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31],

  _isLeapYear: function(year) {
      return year%4 === 0 && (year%100 !== 0 || year%400 === 0);
  },

  _arraySum: function(array, index) {
    var sum = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i <= index; sum += array[i++]);
    return sum;
  },

  _addDays__deps: ['_isLeapYear', '_MONTH_DAYS_LEAP', '_MONTH_DAYS_REGULAR'],
  _addDays: function(date, days) {
    var newDate = new Date(date.getTime());
    while(days > 0) {
      var leap = __isLeapYear(newDate.getFullYear());
      var currentMonth = newDate.getMonth();
      var daysInCurrentMonth = (leap ? __MONTH_DAYS_LEAP : __MONTH_DAYS_REGULAR)[currentMonth];

      if (days > daysInCurrentMonth-newDate.getDate()) {
        // we spill over to next month
        days -= (daysInCurrentMonth-newDate.getDate()+1);
        newDate.setDate(1);
        if (currentMonth < 11) {
          newDate.setMonth(currentMonth+1)
        } else {
          newDate.setMonth(0);
          newDate.setFullYear(newDate.getFullYear()+1);
        }
      } else {
        // we stay in current month 
        newDate.setDate(newDate.getDate()+days);
        return newDate;
      }
    }

    return newDate;
  },

  strftime__deps: ['__tm_struct_layout', '_isLeapYear', '_arraySum', '_addDays', '_MONTH_DAYS_REGULAR', '_MONTH_DAYS_LEAP'],
  strftime: function(s, maxsize, format, tm) {
    // size_t strftime(char *restrict s, size_t maxsize, const char *restrict format, const struct tm *restrict timeptr);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/strftime.html
    
    var date = {
      tm_sec: {{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_sec', 'i32') }}},
      tm_min: {{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_min', 'i32') }}},
      tm_hour: {{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_hour', 'i32') }}},
      tm_mday: {{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_mday', 'i32') }}},
      tm_mon: {{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_mon', 'i32') }}},
      tm_year: {{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_year', 'i32') }}},
      tm_wday: {{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_wday', 'i32') }}},
      tm_yday: {{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_yday', 'i32') }}},
      tm_isdst: {{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_isdst', 'i32') }}}
    };

    var pattern = Pointer_stringify(format);

    // expand format
    var EXPANSION_RULES_1 = {
      '%c': '%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y',     // Replaced by the locale's appropriate date and time representation - e.g., Mon Aug  3 14:02:01 2013
      '%D': '%m/%d/%y',                 // Equivalent to %m / %d / %y
      '%F': '%Y-%m-%d',                 // Equivalent to %Y - %m - %d
      '%h': '%b',                       // Equivalent to %b
      '%r': '%I:%M:%S %p',              // Replaced by the time in a.m. and p.m. notation
      '%R': '%H:%M',                    // Replaced by the time in 24-hour notation
      '%T': '%H:%M:%S',                 // Replaced by the time
      '%x': '%m/%d/%y',                 // Replaced by the locale's appropriate date representation
      '%X': '%H:%M:%S',                 // Replaced by the locale's appropriate date representation
    };
    for (var rule in EXPANSION_RULES_1) {
      pattern = pattern.replace(new RegExp(rule, 'g'), EXPANSION_RULES_1[rule]);
    }

    var WEEKDAYS = ['Sunday', 'Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Saturday'];
    var MONTHS = ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'];

    var leadingSomething = function(value, digits, character) {
      var str = typeof value === 'number' ? value.toString() : (value || '');
      while (str.length < digits) {
        str = character[0]+str;
      }
      return str;
    };

    var leadingNulls = function(value, digits) {
      return leadingSomething(value, digits, '0');
    };

    var compareByDay = function(date1, date2) {
      var sgn = function(value) {
        return value < 0 ? -1 : (value > 0 ? 1 : 0);
      };

      var compare;
      if ((compare = sgn(date1.getFullYear()-date2.getFullYear())) === 0) {
        if ((compare = sgn(date1.getMonth()-date2.getMonth())) === 0) {
          compare = sgn(date1.getDate()-date2.getDate());
        }
      }
      return compare;
    };

    var getFirstWeekStartDate = function(janFourth) {
        switch (janFourth.getDay()) {
          case 0: // Sunday
            return new Date(janFourth.getFullYear()-1, 11, 29);
          case 1: // Monday
            return janFourth;
          case 2: // Tuesday
            return new Date(janFourth.getFullYear(), 0, 3);
          case 3: // Wednesday
            return new Date(janFourth.getFullYear(), 0, 2);
          case 4: // Thursday
            return new Date(janFourth.getFullYear(), 0, 1);
          case 5: // Friday
            return new Date(janFourth.getFullYear()-1, 11, 31);
          case 6: // Saturday
            return new Date(janFourth.getFullYear()-1, 11, 30);
        }
    };

    var getWeekBasedYear = function(date) {
        var thisDate = __addDays(new Date(date.tm_year+1900, 0, 1), date.tm_yday);

        var janFourthThisYear = new Date(thisDate.getFullYear(), 0, 4);
        var janFourthNextYear = new Date(thisDate.getFullYear()+1, 0, 4);

        var firstWeekStartThisYear = getFirstWeekStartDate(janFourthThisYear);
        var firstWeekStartNextYear = getFirstWeekStartDate(janFourthNextYear);

        if (compareByDay(firstWeekStartThisYear, thisDate) <= 0) {
          // this date is after the start of the first week of this year
          if (compareByDay(firstWeekStartNextYear, thisDate) <= 0) {
            return thisDate.getFullYear()+1;
          } else {
            return thisDate.getFullYear();
          }
        } else { 
          return thisDate.getFullYear()-1;
        }
    };

    var EXPANSION_RULES_2 = {
      '%a': function(date) {
        return WEEKDAYS[date.tm_wday].substring(0,3);
      },
      '%A': function(date) {
        return WEEKDAYS[date.tm_wday];
      },
      '%b': function(date) {
        return MONTHS[date.tm_mon].substring(0,3);
      },
      '%B': function(date) {
        return MONTHS[date.tm_mon];
      },
      '%C': function(date) {
        var year = date.tm_year+1900;
        return leadingNulls(Math.floor(year/100),2);
      },
      '%d': function(date) {
        return leadingNulls(date.tm_mday, 2);
      },
      '%e': function(date) {
        return leadingSomething(date.tm_mday, 2, ' ');
      },
      '%g': function(date) {
        // %g, %G, and %V give values according to the ISO 8601:2000 standard week-based year. 
        // In this system, weeks begin on a Monday and week 1 of the year is the week that includes 
        // January 4th, which is also the week that includes the first Thursday of the year, and 
        // is also the first week that contains at least four days in the year. 
        // If the first Monday of January is the 2nd, 3rd, or 4th, the preceding days are part of 
        // the last week of the preceding year; thus, for Saturday 2nd January 1999, 
        // %G is replaced by 1998 and %V is replaced by 53. If December 29th, 30th, 
        // or 31st is a Monday, it and any following days are part of week 1 of the following year. 
        // Thus, for Tuesday 30th December 1997, %G is replaced by 1998 and %V is replaced by 01.
        
        return getWeekBasedYear(date).toString().substring(2);
      },
      '%G': function(date) {
        return getWeekBasedYear(date);
      },
      '%H': function(date) {
        return leadingNulls(date.tm_hour, 2);
      },
      '%I': function(date) {
        return leadingNulls(date.tm_hour < 13 ? date.tm_hour : date.tm_hour-12, 2);
      },
      '%j': function(date) {
        // Day of the year (001-366)
        return leadingNulls(date.tm_mday+__arraySum(__isLeapYear(date.tm_year+1900) ? __MONTH_DAYS_LEAP : __MONTH_DAYS_REGULAR, date.tm_mon-1), 3);
      },
      '%m': function(date) {
        return leadingNulls(date.tm_mon+1, 2);
      },
      '%M': function(date) {
        return leadingNulls(date.tm_min, 2);
      },
      '%n': function() {
        return '\n';
      },
      '%p': function(date) {
        if (date.tm_hour > 0 && date.tm_hour < 13) {
          return 'AM';
        } else {
          return 'PM';
        }
      },
      '%S': function(date) {
        return leadingNulls(date.tm_sec, 2);
      },
      '%t': function() {
        return '\t';
      },
      '%u': function(date) {
        var day = new Date(date.tm_year+1900, date.tm_mon+1, date.tm_mday, 0, 0, 0, 0);
        return day.getDay() || 7;
      },
      '%U': function(date) {
        // Replaced by the week number of the year as a decimal number [00,53]. 
        // The first Sunday of January is the first day of week 1; 
        // days in the new year before this are in week 0. [ tm_year, tm_wday, tm_yday]
        var janFirst = new Date(date.tm_year+1900, 0, 1);
        var firstSunday = janFirst.getDay() === 0 ? janFirst : __addDays(janFirst, 7-janFirst.getDay());
        var endDate = new Date(date.tm_year+1900, date.tm_mon, date.tm_mday);
        
        // is target date after the first Sunday?
        if (compareByDay(firstSunday, endDate) < 0) {
          // calculate difference in days between first Sunday and endDate
          var februaryFirstUntilEndMonth = __arraySum(__isLeapYear(endDate.getFullYear()) ? __MONTH_DAYS_LEAP : __MONTH_DAYS_REGULAR, endDate.getMonth()-1)-31;
          var firstSundayUntilEndJanuary = 31-firstSunday.getDate();
          var days = firstSundayUntilEndJanuary+februaryFirstUntilEndMonth+endDate.getDate();
          return leadingNulls(Math.ceil(days/7), 2);
        }

        return compareByDay(firstSunday, janFirst) === 0 ? '01': '00';
      },
      '%V': function(date) {
        // Replaced by the week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) 
        // as a decimal number [01,53]. If the week containing 1 January has four 
        // or more days in the new year, then it is considered week 1. 
        // Otherwise, it is the last week of the previous year, and the next week is week 1. 
        // Both January 4th and the first Thursday of January are always in week 1. [ tm_year, tm_wday, tm_yday]
        var janFourthThisYear = new Date(date.tm_year+1900, 0, 4);
        var janFourthNextYear = new Date(date.tm_year+1901, 0, 4);

        var firstWeekStartThisYear = getFirstWeekStartDate(janFourthThisYear);
        var firstWeekStartNextYear = getFirstWeekStartDate(janFourthNextYear);

        var endDate = __addDays(new Date(date.tm_year+1900, 0, 1), date.tm_yday);

        if (compareByDay(endDate, firstWeekStartThisYear) < 0) {
          // if given date is before this years first week, then it belongs to the 53rd week of last year
          return '53';
        } 

        if (compareByDay(firstWeekStartNextYear, endDate) <= 0) {
          // if given date is after next years first week, then it belongs to the 01th week of next year
          return '01';
        }

        // given date is in between CW 01..53 of this calendar year
        var daysDifference;
        if (firstWeekStartThisYear.getFullYear() < date.tm_year+1900) {
          // first CW of this year starts last year
          daysDifference = date.tm_yday+32-firstWeekStartThisYear.getDate()
        } else {
          // first CW of this year starts this year
          daysDifference = date.tm_yday+1-firstWeekStartThisYear.getDate();
        }
        return leadingNulls(Math.ceil(daysDifference/7), 2);
      },
      '%w': function(date) {
        var day = new Date(date.tm_year+1900, date.tm_mon+1, date.tm_mday, 0, 0, 0, 0);
        return day.getDay();
      },
      '%W': function(date) {
        // Replaced by the week number of the year as a decimal number [00,53]. 
        // The first Monday of January is the first day of week 1; 
        // days in the new year before this are in week 0. [ tm_year, tm_wday, tm_yday]
        var janFirst = new Date(date.tm_year, 0, 1);
        var firstMonday = janFirst.getDay() === 1 ? janFirst : __addDays(janFirst, janFirst.getDay() === 0 ? 1 : 7-janFirst.getDay()+1);
        var endDate = new Date(date.tm_year+1900, date.tm_mon, date.tm_mday);

        // is target date after the first Monday?
        if (compareByDay(firstMonday, endDate) < 0) {
          var februaryFirstUntilEndMonth = __arraySum(__isLeapYear(endDate.getFullYear()) ? __MONTH_DAYS_LEAP : __MONTH_DAYS_REGULAR, endDate.getMonth()-1)-31;
          var firstMondayUntilEndJanuary = 31-firstMonday.getDate();
          var days = firstMondayUntilEndJanuary+februaryFirstUntilEndMonth+endDate.getDate();
          return leadingNulls(Math.ceil(days/7), 2);
        }
        return compareByDay(firstMonday, janFirst) === 0 ? '01': '00';
      },
      '%y': function(date) {
        // Replaced by the last two digits of the year as a decimal number [00,99]. [ tm_year]
        return (date.tm_year+1900).toString().substring(2);
      },
      '%Y': function(date) {
        // Replaced by the year as a decimal number (for example, 1997). [ tm_year]
        return date.tm_year+1900;
      },
      '%z': function(date) {
        // Replaced by the offset from UTC in the ISO 8601:2000 standard format ( +hhmm or -hhmm ),
        // or by no characters if no timezone is determinable. 
        // For example, "-0430" means 4 hours 30 minutes behind UTC (west of Greenwich). 
        // If tm_isdst is zero, the standard time offset is used. 
        // If tm_isdst is greater than zero, the daylight savings time offset is used. 
        // If tm_isdst is negative, no characters are returned. 
        // FIXME: we cannot determine time zone (or can we?)
        return '';
      },
      '%Z': function(date) {
        // Replaced by the timezone name or abbreviation, or by no bytes if no timezone information exists. [ tm_isdst]
        // FIXME: we cannot determine time zone (or can we?)
        return '';
      },
      '%%': function() {
        return '%';
      }
    };
    for (var rule in EXPANSION_RULES_2) {
      if (pattern.indexOf(rule) >= 0) {
        pattern = pattern.replace(new RegExp(rule, 'g'), EXPANSION_RULES_2[rule](date));
      }
    }

    var bytes = intArrayFromString(pattern, false);
    if (bytes.length > maxsize) {
      return 0;
    } 

    writeArrayToMemory(bytes, s);
    return bytes.length-1;
  },
  strftime_l: 'strftime', // no locale support yet

  strptime__deps: ['__tm_struct_layout', '_isLeapYear', '_arraySum', '_addDays', '_MONTH_DAYS_REGULAR', '_MONTH_DAYS_LEAP'],
  strptime: function(buf, format, tm) {
    // char *strptime(const char *restrict buf, const char *restrict format, struct tm *restrict tm);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/strptime.html
    var pattern = Pointer_stringify(format);

    // escape special characters
    // TODO: not sure we really need to escape all of these in JS regexps
    var SPECIAL_CHARS = '\\!@#$^&*()+=-[]/{}|:<>?,.';
    for (var i=0, ii=SPECIAL_CHARS.length; i<ii; ++i) {
      pattern = pattern.replace(new RegExp('\\'+SPECIAL_CHARS[i], 'g'), '\\'+SPECIAL_CHARS[i]);
    }

    // reduce number of matchers
    var EQUIVALENT_MATCHERS = {
      '%A':  '%a',
      '%B':  '%b',
      '%c':  '%x\\s+%X',
      '%D':  '%m\\/%d\\/%y',
      '%e':  '%d',
      '%h':  '%b',
      '%R':  '%H\\:%M',
      '%r':  '%I\\:%M\\:%S\\s%p',
      '%T':  '%H\\:%M\\:%S',
      '%x':  '%m\\/%d\\/(?:%y|%Y)',
      '%X':  '%H\\:%M\\:%S'
    };
    for (var matcher in EQUIVALENT_MATCHERS) {
      pattern = pattern.replace(matcher, EQUIVALENT_MATCHERS[matcher]);
    }
    
    // TODO: take care of locale

    var DATE_PATTERNS = {
      /* weeday name */     '%a': '(?:Sun(?:day)?)|(?:Mon(?:day)?)|(?:Tue(?:sday)?)|(?:Wed(?:nesday)?)|(?:Thu(?:rsday)?)|(?:Fri(?:day)?)|(?:Sat(?:urday)?)',
      /* month name */      '%b': '(?:Jan(?:uary)?)|(?:Feb(?:ruary)?)|(?:Mar(?:ch)?)|(?:Apr(?:il)?)|May|(?:Jun(?:e)?)|(?:Jul(?:y)?)|(?:Aug(?:ust)?)|(?:Sep(?:tember)?)|(?:Oct(?:ober)?)|(?:Nov(?:ember)?)|(?:Dec(?:ember)?)',
      /* century */         '%C': '\\d\\d',
      /* day of month */    '%d': '0[1-9]|[1-9](?!\\d)|1\\d|2\\d|30|31',
      /* hour (24hr) */     '%H': '\\d(?!\\d)|[0,1]\\d|20|21|22|23',
      /* hour (12hr) */     '%I': '\\d(?!\\d)|0\\d|10|11|12',
      /* day of year */     '%j': '00[1-9]|0?[1-9](?!\\d)|0?[1-9]\\d(?!\\d)|[1,2]\\d\\d|3[0-6]\\d',
      /* month */           '%m': '0[1-9]|[1-9](?!\\d)|10|11|12',
      /* minutes */         '%M': '0\\d|\\d(?!\\d)|[1-5]\\d',
      /* whitespace */      '%n': '\\s',
      /* AM/PM */           '%p': 'AM|am|PM|pm|A\\.M\\.|a\\.m\\.|P\\.M\\.|p\\.m\\.',
      /* seconds */         '%S': '0\\d|\\d(?!\\d)|[1-5]\\d|60',
      /* week number */     '%U': '0\\d|\\d(?!\\d)|[1-4]\\d|50|51|52|53',
      /* week number */     '%W': '0\\d|\\d(?!\\d)|[1-4]\\d|50|51|52|53',
      /* weekday number */  '%w': '[0-6]',
      /* 2-digit year */    '%y': '\\d\\d',
      /* 4-digit year */    '%Y': '\\d\\d\\d\\d',
      /* % */               '%%': '%',
      /* whitespace */      '%t': '\\s',
    };

    var MONTH_NUMBERS = {JAN: 0, FEB: 1, MAR: 2, APR: 3, MAY: 4, JUN: 5, JUL: 6, AUG: 7, SEP: 8, OCT: 9, NOV: 10, DEC: 11};
    var DAY_NUMBERS_SUN_FIRST = {SUN: 0, MON: 1, TUE: 2, WED: 3, THU: 4, FRI: 5, SAT: 6};
    var DAY_NUMBERS_MON_FIRST = {MON: 0, TUE: 1, WED: 2, THU: 3, FRI: 4, SAT: 5, SUN: 6};

    for (var datePattern in DATE_PATTERNS) {
      pattern = pattern.replace(datePattern, '('+datePattern+DATE_PATTERNS[datePattern]+')');    
    }

    // take care of capturing groups
    var capture = [];
    for (var i=pattern.indexOf('%'); i>=0; i=pattern.indexOf('%')) {
      capture.push(pattern[i+1]);
      pattern = pattern.replace(new RegExp('\\%'+pattern[i+1], 'g'), '');
    }

    var matches = new RegExp('^'+pattern).exec(Pointer_stringify(buf))
    // Module['print'](Pointer_stringify(buf)+ ' is matched by '+((new RegExp('^'+pattern)).source)+' into: '+JSON.stringify(matches));

    var initDate = function() {
      var fixup = function(value, min, max) {
        return (typeof value !== 'number' || isNaN(value)) ? min : (value>=min ? (value<=max ? value: max): min);
      };
      return {
        year: fixup({{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_year', 'i32', 0, 0, 1) }}} + 1900 , 1970, 9999),
        month: fixup({{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_mon', 'i32', 0, 0, 1) }}}, 0, 11),
        day: fixup({{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_mday', 'i32', 0, 0, 1) }}}, 1, 31),
        hour: fixup({{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_hour', 'i32', 0, 0, 1) }}}, 0, 23),
        min: fixup({{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_min', 'i32', 0, 0, 1) }}}, 0, 59),
        sec: fixup({{{ makeGetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_sec', 'i32', 0, 0, 1) }}}, 0, 59)
      };
    };

    if (matches) {
      var date = initDate();
      var value;

      var getMatch = function(symbol) {
        var pos = capture.indexOf(symbol);
        // check if symbol appears in regexp
        if (pos >= 0) {
          // return matched value or null (falsy!) for non-matches
          return matches[pos+1];
        }
        return;
      }

      // seconds
      if ((value=getMatch('S'))) {
        date.sec = parseInt(value);
      }

      // minutes
      if ((value=getMatch('M'))) {
        date.min = parseInt(value);
      }

      // hours
      if ((value=getMatch('H'))) {
        // 24h clock
        date.hour = parseInt(value);
      } else if ((value = getMatch('I'))) {
        // AM/PM clock
        var hour = parseInt(value);
        if ((value=getMatch('p'))) {
          hour += value.toUpperCase()[0] === 'P' ? 12 : 0;
        }
        date.hour = hour;
      }

      // year
      if ((value=getMatch('Y'))) {
        // parse from four-digit year
        date.year = parseInt(value);
      } else if ((value=getMatch('y'))) {
        // parse from two-digit year...
        var year = parseInt(value);
        if ((value=getMatch('C'))) {
          // ...and century
          year += parseInt(value)*100;
        } else {
          // ...and rule-of-thumb
          year += year<69 ? 2000 : 1900;
        }
        date.year = year;
      }

      // month
      if ((value=getMatch('m'))) {
        // parse from month number
        date.month = parseInt(value)-1;
      } else if ((value=getMatch('b'))) {
        // parse from month name
        date.month = MONTH_NUMBERS[value.substring(0,3).toUpperCase()] || 0;
        // TODO: derive month from day in year+year, week number+day of week+year 
      }

      // day
      if ((value=getMatch('d'))) {
        // get day of month directly
        date.day = parseInt(value);
      } else if ((value=getMatch('j'))) {
        // get day of month from day of year ...
        var day = parseInt(value);
        var leapYear = __isLeapYear(date.year);
        for (var month=0; month<12; ++month) {
          var daysUntilMonth = __arraySum(leapYear ? __MONTH_DAYS_LEAP : __MONTH_DAYS_REGULAR, month-1);
          if (day<=daysUntilMonth+(leapYear ? __MONTH_DAYS_LEAP : __MONTH_DAYS_REGULAR)[month]) {
            date.day = day-daysUntilMonth;
          }
        }
      } else if ((value=getMatch('a'))) {
        // get day of month from weekday ...
        var weekDay = value.substring(0,3).toUpperCase();
        if ((value=getMatch('U'))) {
          // ... and week number (Sunday being first day of week)
          // Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. 
          // All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.
          var weekDayNumber = DAY_NUMBERS_SUN_FIRST[weekDay];
          var weekNumber = parseInt(value);

          // January 1st 
          var janFirst = new Date(date.year, 0, 1);
          var endDate;
          if (janFirst.getDay() === 0) {
            // Jan 1st is a Sunday, and, hence in the 1st CW
            endDate = __addDays(janFirst, weekDayNumber+7*(weekNumber-1));
          } else {
            // Jan 1st is not a Sunday, and, hence still in the 0th CW
            endDate = __addDays(janFirst, 7-janFirst.getDay()+weekDayNumber+7*(weekNumber-1));
          }
          date.day = endDate.getDate();
          date.month = endDate.getMonth();
        } else if ((value=getMatch('W'))) {
          // ... and week number (Monday being first day of week)
          // Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. 
          // All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.
          var weekDayNumber = DAY_NUMBERS_MON_FIRST[weekDay];
          var weekNumber = parseInt(value);

          // January 1st 
          var janFirst = new Date(date.year, 0, 1);
          var endDate;
          if (janFirst.getDay()===1) {
            // Jan 1st is a Monday, and, hence in the 1st CW
             endDate = __addDays(janFirst, weekDayNumber+7*(weekNumber-1));
          } else {
            // Jan 1st is not a Monday, and, hence still in the 0th CW
            endDate = __addDays(janFirst, 7-janFirst.getDay()+1+weekDayNumber+7*(weekNumber-1));
          }

          date.day = endDate.getDate();
          date.month = endDate.getMonth();
        }
      }

      /*
      tm_sec  int seconds after the minute  0-61*
      tm_min  int minutes after the hour  0-59
      tm_hour int hours since midnight  0-23
      tm_mday int day of the month  1-31
      tm_mon  int months since January  0-11
      tm_year int years since 1900  
      tm_wday int days since Sunday 0-6
      tm_yday int days since January 1  0-365
      tm_isdst  int Daylight Saving Time flag 
      */

      var fullDate = new Date(date.year, date.month, date.day, date.hour, date.min, date.sec, 0);
      {{{ makeSetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_sec', 'fullDate.getSeconds()', 'i32') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_min', 'fullDate.getMinutes()', 'i32') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_hour', 'fullDate.getHours()', 'i32') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_mday', 'fullDate.getDate()', 'i32') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_mon', 'fullDate.getMonth()', 'i32') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_year', 'fullDate.getFullYear()-1900', 'i32') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_wday', 'fullDate.getDay()', 'i32') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_yday', '__arraySum(__isLeapYear(fullDate.getFullYear()) ? __MONTH_DAYS_LEAP : __MONTH_DAYS_REGULAR, fullDate.getMonth()-1)+fullDate.getDate()-1', 'i32') }}}
      {{{ makeSetValue('tm', '___tm_struct_layout.tm_isdst', '0', 'i32') }}}

      // we need to convert the matched sequence into an integer array to take care of UTF-8 characters > 0x7F
      // TODO: not sure that intArrayFromString handles all unicode characters correctly
      return buf+intArrayFromString(matches[0]).length-1;
    } 

    return 0;
  },
  strptime_l: 'strptime', // no locale support yet

  getdate: function(string) {
    // struct tm *getdate(const char *string);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/getdate.html
    // TODO: Implement.
    return 0;
  },

  setitimer: function() { throw 'setitimer not implemented yet' },
  getitimer: function() { throw 'getitimer not implemented yet' },

  // ==========================================================================
  // sys/time.h
  // ==========================================================================

  __timespec_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
    ['i32', 'tv_sec'],
    ['i32', 'tv_nsec']]),
  nanosleep__deps: ['usleep', '__timespec_struct_layout'],
  nanosleep: function(rqtp, rmtp) {
    // int nanosleep(const struct timespec  *rqtp, struct timespec *rmtp);
    var seconds = {{{ makeGetValue('rqtp', '___timespec_struct_layout.tv_sec', 'i32') }}};
    var nanoseconds = {{{ makeGetValue('rqtp', '___timespec_struct_layout.tv_nsec', 'i32') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('rmtp', '___timespec_struct_layout.tv_sec', '0', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('rmtp', '___timespec_struct_layout.tv_nsec', '0', 'i32') }}}
    return _usleep((seconds * 1e6) + (nanoseconds / 1000));
  },
  // TODO: Implement these for real.
  clock_gettime__deps: ['__timespec_struct_layout'],
  clock_gettime: function(clk_id, tp) {
    // int clock_gettime(clockid_t clk_id, struct timespec *tp);
    var now = Date.now();
    {{{ makeSetValue('tp', '___timespec_struct_layout.tv_sec', 'Math.floor(now/1000)', 'i32') }}}; // seconds
    {{{ makeSetValue('tp', '___timespec_struct_layout.tv_nsec', '0', 'i32') }}}; // nanoseconds - not supported
    return 0;
  },
  clock_settime: function(clk_id, tp) {
    // int clock_settime(clockid_t clk_id, const struct timespec *tp);
    // Nothing.
    return 0;
  },
  clock_getres__deps: ['__timespec_struct_layout'],
  clock_getres: function(clk_id, res) {
    // int clock_getres(clockid_t clk_id, struct timespec *res);
    {{{ makeSetValue('res', '___timespec_struct_layout.tv_sec', '1', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('res', '___timespec_struct_layout.tv_nsec', '0', 'i32') }}}
    return 0;
  },

  // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/basedefs/sys/time.h.html
  gettimeofday: function(ptr) {
    // %struct.timeval = type { i32, i32 }
    {{{ (LibraryManager.structs.gettimeofday = Runtime.calculateStructAlignment({ fields: ['i32', 'i32'] }), null) }}}
    var now = Date.now();
    {{{ makeSetValue('ptr', LibraryManager.structs.gettimeofday[0], 'Math.floor(now/1000)', 'i32') }}}; // seconds
    {{{ makeSetValue('ptr', LibraryManager.structs.gettimeofday[1], 'Math.floor((now-1000*Math.floor(now/1000))*1000)', 'i32') }}}; // microseconds
    return 0;
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // sys/timeb.h
  // ==========================================================================

  __timeb_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
    ['i32', 'time'],
    ['i16', 'millitm'],
    ['i16', 'timezone'],
    ['i16', 'dstflag']
  ]),
  ftime__deps: ['__timeb_struct_layout'],
  ftime: function(p) {
    var millis = Date.now();
    {{{ makeSetValue('p', '___timeb_struct_layout.time', 'Math.floor(millis/1000)', 'i32') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('p', '___timeb_struct_layout.millitm', 'millis % 1000', 'i16') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('p', '___timeb_struct_layout.timezone', '0', 'i16') }}}; // TODO
    {{{ makeSetValue('p', '___timeb_struct_layout.dstflag', '0', 'i16') }}}; // TODO
    return 0;
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // sys/times.h
  // ==========================================================================

  __tms_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
    ['i32', 'tms_utime'],
    ['i32', 'tms_stime'],
    ['i32', 'tms_cutime'],
    ['i32', 'tms_cstime']]),
  times__deps: ['__tms_struct_layout', 'memset'],
  times: function(buffer) {
    // clock_t times(struct tms *buffer);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/times.html
    // NOTE: This is fake, since we can't calculate real CPU time usage in JS.
    if (buffer !== 0) {
      _memset(buffer, 0, ___tms_struct_layout.__size__);
    }
    return 0;
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // sys/types.h
  // ==========================================================================

  // NOTE: These are fake, since we don't support the C device creation API.
  // http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/online/pages/man3/minor.3.html
  makedev: function(maj, min) {
    return ((maj) << 8 | (min));
  },
  gnu_dev_makedev: 'makedev',
  major: function(dev) {
    return ((dev) >> 8);
  },
  gnu_dev_major: 'major',
  minor: function(dev) {
    return ((dev) & 0xff);
  },
  gnu_dev_minor: 'minor',

  // ==========================================================================
  // setjmp.h
  //
  // Basic support for setjmp/longjmp: enough to run the wikipedia example and
  // hopefully handle most normal behavior. We do not support cases where
  // longjmp behavior is undefined (for example, if the setjmp function returns
  // before longjmp is called).
  //
  // Note that we need to emulate functions that use setjmp, and also to create
  // a new label we can return to. Emulation make such functions slower, this
  // can be alleviated by making a new function containing just the setjmp
  // related functionality so the slowdown is more limited - you may need
  // to prevent inlining to keep this isolated, try __attribute__((noinline))
  // ==========================================================================

  saveSetjmp__asm: true,
  saveSetjmp__sig: 'iii',
  saveSetjmp__deps: ['putchar'],
  saveSetjmp: function(env, label, table) {
    // Not particularly fast: slow table lookup of setjmpId to label. But setjmp
    // prevents relooping anyhow, so slowness is to be expected. And typical case
    // is 1 setjmp per invocation, or less.
    env = env|0;
    label = label|0;
    table = table|0;
    var i = 0;
#if ASSERTIONS
    if ((label|0) == 0) abort(121);
#endif
    setjmpId = (setjmpId+1)|0;
    {{{ makeSetValueAsm('env', '0', 'setjmpId', 'i32') }}};
    while ((i|0) < {{{ 2*MAX_SETJMPS }}}) {
      if ({{{ makeGetValueAsm('table', '(i<<2)', 'i32') }}} == 0) {
        {{{ makeSetValueAsm('table', '(i<<2)', 'setjmpId', 'i32') }}};
        {{{ makeSetValueAsm('table', '(i<<2)+4', 'label', 'i32') }}};
        // prepare next slot
        {{{ makeSetValueAsm('table', '(i<<2)+8', '0', 'i32') }}};
        return 0;
      }
      i = (i+2)|0;
    }
    {{{ makePrintChars('too many setjmps in a function call, build with a higher value for MAX_SETJMPS') }}};
    abort(0);
    return 0;
  },

  testSetjmp__asm: true,
  testSetjmp__sig: 'iii',
  testSetjmp: function(id, table) {
    id = id|0;
    table = table|0;
    var i = 0, curr = 0;
    while ((i|0) < {{{ MAX_SETJMPS }}}) {
      curr = {{{ makeGetValueAsm('table', '(i<<2)', 'i32') }}};
      if ((curr|0) == 0) break;
      if ((curr|0) == (id|0)) {
        return {{{ makeGetValueAsm('table', '(i<<2)+4', 'i32') }}};
      }
      i = (i+2)|0;
    }
    return 0;
  },

#if ASM_JS
  setjmp__deps: ['saveSetjmp', 'testSetjmp'],
#endif
  setjmp__inline: function(env) {
    // Save the label
#if ASM_JS
    return '_saveSetjmp(' + env + ', label, setjmpTable)|0';
#else
    return '(tempInt = setjmpId++, mySetjmpIds[tempInt] = 1, setjmpLabels[tempInt] = label,' + makeSetValue(env, '0', 'tempInt', 'i32', undefined, undefined, undefined, undefined,  ',') + ', 0)';
#endif
  },

#if ASM_JS
  longjmp__deps: ['saveSetjmp', 'testSetjmp'],
#endif
  longjmp: function(env, value) {
#if ASM_JS
    asm['setThrew'](env, value || 1);
    throw 'longjmp';
#else
    throw { longjmp: true, id: {{{ makeGetValue('env', '0', 'i32') }}}, value: value || 1 };
#endif
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // signal.h
  // ==========================================================================

  signal: function(sig, func) {
    // TODO
    return 0;
  },
  sigemptyset: function(set) {
    // int sigemptyset(sigset_t *set);
    {{{ makeSetValue('set', '0', '0', 'i32') }}};
    return 0;
  },
  sigfillset: function(set) {
    {{{ makeSetValue('set', '0', '-1>>>0', 'i32') }}};
    return 0;
  },
  sigaddset: function(set, signum) {
    {{{ makeSetValue('set', '0', makeGetValue('set', '0', 'i32') + '| (1 << (signum-1))', 'i32') }}};
    return 0;
  },
  sigdelset: function(set, signum) {
    {{{ makeSetValue('set', '0', makeGetValue('set', '0', 'i32') + '& (~(1 << (signum-1)))', 'i32') }}};
    return 0;
  },
  sigismember: function(set, signum) {
    return {{{ makeGetValue('set', '0', 'i32') }}} & (1 << (signum-1));
  },
  sigaction: function(set) {
    // TODO:
    return 0;
  },
  sigprocmask: 'sigaction',
  __libc_current_sigrtmin: function() {
    return 0;
  },
  __libc_current_sigrtmax: function() {
    return 0;
  },
  kill__deps: ['$ERRNO_CODES', '__setErrNo'],
  kill: function(pid, sig) {
    // int kill(pid_t pid, int sig);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/kill.html
    // Makes no sense in a single-process environment.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EPERM);
    return -1;
  },
  killpg: 'kill',

  siginterrupt: function() { throw 'siginterrupt not implemented' },

  // ==========================================================================
  // sys/wait.h
  // ==========================================================================

  wait__deps: ['$ERRNO_CODES', '__setErrNo'],
  wait: function(stat_loc) {
    // pid_t wait(int *stat_loc);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/wait.html
    // Makes no sense in a single-process environment.
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.ECHILD);
    return -1;
  },
  // NOTE: These aren't really the same, but we use the same stub for them all.
  waitid: 'wait',
  waitpid: 'wait',
  wait3: 'wait',
  wait4: 'wait',

  // ==========================================================================
  // locale.h
  // ==========================================================================

  newlocale: function(mask, locale, base) {
    return 0;
  },

  freelocale: function(locale) {},

  uselocale: function(locale) {
    return 0;
  },

  setlocale: function(category, locale) {
    if (!_setlocale.ret) _setlocale.ret = allocate([0], 'i8', ALLOC_NORMAL);
    return _setlocale.ret;
  },

  localeconv: function() {
    // %struct.timeval = type { char* decimal point, other stuff... }
    // var indexes = Runtime.calculateStructAlignment({ fields: ['i32', 'i32'] });
    var me = _localeconv;
    if (!me.ret) {
      me.ret = allocate([allocate(intArrayFromString('.'), 'i8', ALLOC_NORMAL)], 'i8*', ALLOC_NORMAL); // just decimal point, for now
    }
    return me.ret;
  },

  __locale_mb_cur_max: function() { throw '__locale_mb_cur_max not implemented' },

  // ==========================================================================
  // langinfo.h
  // ==========================================================================

  nl_langinfo: function(item) {
    // char *nl_langinfo(nl_item item);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/nl_langinfo.html
    var result;
    switch (item) {
      case {{{ cDefine('CODESET') }}}:
        result = 'ANSI_X3.4-1968';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('D_T_FMT') }}}:
        result = '%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('D_FMT') }}}:
        result = '%m/%d/%y';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('T_FMT') }}}:
        result = '%H:%M:%S';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('T_FMT_AMPM') }}}:
        result = '%I:%M:%S %p';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('AM_STR') }}}:
        result = 'AM';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('PM_STR') }}}:
        result = 'PM';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('DAY_1') }}}:
        result = 'Sunday';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('DAY_2') }}}:
        result = 'Monday';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('DAY_3') }}}:
        result = 'Tuesday';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('DAY_4') }}}:
        result = 'Wednesday';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('DAY_5') }}}:
        result = 'Thursday';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('DAY_6') }}}:
        result = 'Friday';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('DAY_7') }}}:
        result = 'Saturday';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABDAY_1') }}}:
        result = 'Sun';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABDAY_2') }}}:
        result = 'Mon';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABDAY_3') }}}:
        result = 'Tue';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABDAY_4') }}}:
        result = 'Wed';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABDAY_5') }}}:
        result = 'Thu';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABDAY_6') }}}:
        result = 'Fri';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABDAY_7') }}}:
        result = 'Sat';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('MON_1') }}}:
        result = 'January';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('MON_2') }}}:
        result = 'February';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('MON_3') }}}:
        result = 'March';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('MON_4') }}}:
        result = 'April';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('MON_5') }}}:
        result = 'May';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('MON_6') }}}:
        result = 'June';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('MON_7') }}}:
        result = 'July';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('MON_8') }}}:
        result = 'August';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('MON_9') }}}:
        result = 'September';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('MON_10') }}}:
        result = 'October';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('MON_11') }}}:
        result = 'November';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('MON_12') }}}:
        result = 'December';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABMON_1') }}}:
        result = 'Jan';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABMON_2') }}}:
        result = 'Feb';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABMON_3') }}}:
        result = 'Mar';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABMON_4') }}}:
        result = 'Apr';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABMON_5') }}}:
        result = 'May';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABMON_6') }}}:
        result = 'Jun';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABMON_7') }}}:
        result = 'Jul';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABMON_8') }}}:
        result = 'Aug';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABMON_9') }}}:
        result = 'Sep';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABMON_10') }}}:
        result = 'Oct';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABMON_11') }}}:
        result = 'Nov';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ABMON_12') }}}:
        result = 'Dec';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ALT_DIGITS') }}}:
        result = '';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('RADIXCHAR') }}}:
        result = '.';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('THOUSEP') }}}:
        result = '';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('YESEXPR') }}}:
        result = '^[yY]';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('NOEXPR') }}}:
        result = '^[nN]';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('CRNCYSTR') }}}:
        result = '-';
        break;
      case {{{ cDefine('ERA') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('ERA_D_FMT') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('ERA_D_T_FMT') }}}:
      case {{{ cDefine('ERA_T_FMT') }}}:
      default:
        result = '';
        break;
    }

    var me = _nl_langinfo;
    if (!me.ret) me.ret = _malloc(32);
    for (var i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
      {{{ makeSetValue('me.ret', 'i', 'result.charCodeAt(i)', 'i8') }}}
    }
    {{{ makeSetValue('me.ret', 'i', '0', 'i8') }}}
    return me.ret;
  },

  _Z7catopenPKci: function() { throw 'catopen not implemented' },
  _Z7catgetsP8_nl_catdiiPKc: function() { throw 'catgets not implemented' },
  _Z8catcloseP8_nl_catd: function() { throw 'catclose not implemented' },

  // ==========================================================================
  // errno.h
  // ==========================================================================

  $ERRNO_CODES: {
    EPERM: 1,
    ENOENT: 2,
    ESRCH: 3,
    EINTR: 4,
    EIO: 5,
    ENXIO: 6,
    E2BIG: 7,
    ENOEXEC: 8,
    EBADF: 9,
    ECHILD: 10,
    EAGAIN: 11,
    EWOULDBLOCK: 11,
    ENOMEM: 12,
    EACCES: 13,
    EFAULT: 14,
    ENOTBLK: 15,
    EBUSY: 16,
    EEXIST: 17,
    EXDEV: 18,
    ENODEV: 19,
    ENOTDIR: 20,
    EISDIR: 21,
    EINVAL: 22,
    ENFILE: 23,
    EMFILE: 24,
    ENOTTY: 25,
    ETXTBSY: 26,
    EFBIG: 27,
    ENOSPC: 28,
    ESPIPE: 29,
    EROFS: 30,
    EMLINK: 31,
    EPIPE: 32,
    EDOM: 33,
    ERANGE: 34,
    ENOMSG: 35,
    EIDRM: 36,
    ECHRNG: 37,
    EL2NSYNC: 38,
    EL3HLT: 39,
    EL3RST: 40,
    ELNRNG: 41,
    EUNATCH: 42,
    ENOCSI: 43,
    EL2HLT: 44,
    EDEADLK: 45,
    ENOLCK: 46,
    EBADE: 50,
    EBADR: 51,
    EXFULL: 52,
    ENOANO: 53,
    EBADRQC: 54,
    EBADSLT: 55,
    EDEADLOCK: 56,
    EBFONT: 57,
    ENOSTR: 60,
    ENODATA: 61,
    ETIME: 62,
    ENOSR: 63,
    ENONET: 64,
    ENOPKG: 65,
    EREMOTE: 66,
    ENOLINK: 67,
    EADV: 68,
    ESRMNT: 69,
    ECOMM: 70,
    EPROTO: 71,
    EMULTIHOP: 74,
    ELBIN: 75,
    EDOTDOT: 76,
    EBADMSG: 77,
    EFTYPE: 79,
    ENOTUNIQ: 80,
    EBADFD: 81,
    EREMCHG: 82,
    ELIBACC: 83,
    ELIBBAD: 84,
    ELIBSCN: 85,
    ELIBMAX: 86,
    ELIBEXEC: 87,
    ENOSYS: 88,
    ENMFILE: 89,
    ENOTEMPTY: 90,
    ENAMETOOLONG: 91,
    ELOOP: 92,
    EOPNOTSUPP: 95,
    EPFNOSUPPORT: 96,
    ECONNRESET: 104,
    ENOBUFS: 105,
    EAFNOSUPPORT: 106,
    EPROTOTYPE: 107,
    ENOTSOCK: 108,
    ENOPROTOOPT: 109,
    ESHUTDOWN: 110,
    ECONNREFUSED: 111,
    EADDRINUSE: 112,
    ECONNABORTED: 113,
    ENETUNREACH: 114,
    ENETDOWN: 115,
    ETIMEDOUT: 116,
    EHOSTDOWN: 117,
    EHOSTUNREACH: 118,
    EINPROGRESS: 119,
    EALREADY: 120,
    EDESTADDRREQ: 121,
    EMSGSIZE: 122,
    EPROTONOSUPPORT: 123,
    ESOCKTNOSUPPORT: 124,
    EADDRNOTAVAIL: 125,
    ENETRESET: 126,
    EISCONN: 127,
    ENOTCONN: 128,
    ETOOMANYREFS: 129,
    EPROCLIM: 130,
    EUSERS: 131,
    EDQUOT: 132,
    ESTALE: 133,
    ENOTSUP: 134,
    ENOMEDIUM: 135,
    ENOSHARE: 136,
    ECASECLASH: 137,
    EILSEQ: 138,
    EOVERFLOW: 139,
    ECANCELED: 140,
    ENOTRECOVERABLE: 141,
    EOWNERDEAD: 142,
    ESTRPIPE: 143
  },
  $ERRNO_MESSAGES: {
    0: 'Success',
    1: 'Not super-user',
    2: 'No such file or directory',
    3: 'No such process',
    4: 'Interrupted system call',
    5: 'I/O error',
    6: 'No such device or address',
    7: 'Arg list too long',
    8: 'Exec format error',
    9: 'Bad file number',
    10: 'No children',
    11: 'No more processes',
    12: 'Not enough core',
    13: 'Permission denied',
    14: 'Bad address',
    15: 'Block device required',
    16: 'Mount device busy',
    17: 'File exists',
    18: 'Cross-device link',
    19: 'No such device',
    20: 'Not a directory',
    21: 'Is a directory',
    22: 'Invalid argument',
    23: 'Too many open files in system',
    24: 'Too many open files',
    25: 'Not a typewriter',
    26: 'Text file busy',
    27: 'File too large',
    28: 'No space left on device',
    29: 'Illegal seek',
    30: 'Read only file system',
    31: 'Too many links',
    32: 'Broken pipe',
    33: 'Math arg out of domain of func',
    34: 'Math result not representable',
    35: 'No message of desired type',
    36: 'Identifier removed',
    37: 'Channel number out of range',
    38: 'Level 2 not synchronized',
    39: 'Level 3 halted',
    40: 'Level 3 reset',
    41: 'Link number out of range',
    42: 'Protocol driver not attached',
    43: 'No CSI structure available',
    44: 'Level 2 halted',
    45: 'Deadlock condition',
    46: 'No record locks available',
    50: 'Invalid exchange',
    51: 'Invalid request descriptor',
    52: 'Exchange full',
    53: 'No anode',
    54: 'Invalid request code',
    55: 'Invalid slot',
    56: 'File locking deadlock error',
    57: 'Bad font file fmt',
    60: 'Device not a stream',
    61: 'No data (for no delay io)',
    62: 'Timer expired',
    63: 'Out of streams resources',
    64: 'Machine is not on the network',
    65: 'Package not installed',
    66: 'The object is remote',
    67: 'The link has been severed',
    68: 'Advertise error',
    69: 'Srmount error',
    70: 'Communication error on send',
    71: 'Protocol error',
    74: 'Multihop attempted',
    75: 'Inode is remote (not really error)',
    76: 'Cross mount point (not really error)',
    77: 'Trying to read unreadable message',
    79: 'Inappropriate file type or format',
    80: 'Given log. name not unique',
    81: 'f.d. invalid for this operation',
    82: 'Remote address changed',
    83: 'Can\t access a needed shared lib',
    84: 'Accessing a corrupted shared lib',
    85: '.lib section in a.out corrupted',
    86: 'Attempting to link in too many libs',
    87: 'Attempting to exec a shared library',
    88: 'Function not implemented',
    89: 'No more files',
    90: 'Directory not empty',
    91: 'File or path name too long',
    92: 'Too many symbolic links',
    95: 'Operation not supported on transport endpoint',
    96: 'Protocol family not supported',
    104: 'Connection reset by peer',
    105: 'No buffer space available',
    106: 'Address family not supported by protocol family',
    107: 'Protocol wrong type for socket',
    108: 'Socket operation on non-socket',
    109: 'Protocol not available',
    110: 'Can\'t send after socket shutdown',
    111: 'Connection refused',
    112: 'Address already in use',
    113: 'Connection aborted',
    114: 'Network is unreachable',
    115: 'Network interface is not configured',
    116: 'Connection timed out',
    117: 'Host is down',
    118: 'Host is unreachable',
    119: 'Connection already in progress',
    120: 'Socket already connected',
    121: 'Destination address required',
    122: 'Message too long',
    123: 'Unknown protocol',
    124: 'Socket type not supported',
    125: 'Address not available',
    126: 'ENETRESET',
    127: 'Socket is already connected',
    128: 'Socket is not connected',
    129: 'TOOMANYREFS',
    130: 'EPROCLIM',
    131: 'EUSERS',
    132: 'EDQUOT',
    133: 'ESTALE',
    134: 'Not supported',
    135: 'No medium (in tape drive)',
    136: 'No such host or network path',
    137: 'Filename exists with different case',
    138: 'EILSEQ',
    139: 'Value too large for defined data type',
    140: 'Operation canceled',
    141: 'State not recoverable',
    142: 'Previous owner died',
    143: 'Streams pipe error',
  },
  __errno_state: 0,
  __setErrNo__deps: ['__errno_state'],
  __setErrNo__postset: '___errno_state = Runtime.staticAlloc(4); {{{ makeSetValue("___errno_state", 0, 0, "i32") }}};',
  __setErrNo: function(value) {
    // For convenient setting and returning of errno.
    {{{ makeSetValue('___errno_state', '0', 'value', 'i32') }}}
    return value;
  },
  __errno_location__deps: ['__setErrNo'],
  __errno_location: function() {
    return ___errno_state;
  },
  __errno: '__errno_location',

  // ==========================================================================
  // sys/resource.h
  // ==========================================================================

  // TODO: Implement for real.
  __rlimit_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
    ['i32', 'rlim_cur'],
    ['i32', 'rlim_max']]),
  getrlimit__deps: ['__rlimit_struct_layout'],
  getrlimit: function(resource, rlp) {
    // int getrlimit(int resource, struct rlimit *rlp);
    {{{ makeSetValue('rlp', '___rlimit_struct_layout.rlim_cur', '-1', 'i32') }}}  // RLIM_INFINITY
    {{{ makeSetValue('rlp', '___rlimit_struct_layout.rlim_max', '-1', 'i32') }}}  // RLIM_INFINITY
    return 0;
  },
  setrlimit: function(resource, rlp) {
    // int setrlimit(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlp)
    return 0;
  },
  __01getrlimit64_: 'getrlimit',

  // TODO: Implement for real. We just do time used, and no useful data
  __rusage_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
    ['i64', 'ru_utime'],
    ['i64', 'ru_stime'],
    ['i32', 'ru_maxrss'],
    ['i32', 'ru_ixrss'],
    ['i32', 'ru_idrss'],
    ['i32', 'ru_isrss'],
    ['i32', 'ru_minflt'],
    ['i32', 'ru_majflt'],
    ['i32', 'ru_nswap'],
    ['i32', 'ru_inblock'],
    ['i32', 'ru_oublock'],
    ['i32', 'ru_msgsnd'],
    ['i32', 'ru_msgrcv'],
    ['i32', 'ru_nsignals'],
    ['i32', 'ru_nvcsw'],
    ['i32', 'ru_nivcsw']]),
  getrusage__deps: ['__rusage_struct_layout'],
  getrusage: function(resource, rlp) {
    // %struct.timeval = type { i32, i32 }
    var timeval = Runtime.calculateStructAlignment({ fields: ['i32', 'i32'] });

    // int getrusage(int resource, struct rusage *rlp);
    {{{ makeSetValue('rlp', '___rusage_struct_layout.ru_utime+timeval[0]', '1', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('rlp', '___rusage_struct_layout.ru_utime+timeval[1]', '2', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('rlp', '___rusage_struct_layout.ru_stime+timeval[0]', '3', 'i32') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('rlp', '___rusage_struct_layout.ru_stime+timeval[1]', '4', 'i32') }}}
    return 0;
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // sched.h (stubs only - no thread support yet!)
  // ==========================================================================
  sched_yield: function() {
    return 0;
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // pthread.h (stubs for mutexes only - no thread support yet!)
  // ==========================================================================

  pthread_mutex_init: function() {},
  pthread_mutex_destroy: function() {},
  pthread_mutexattr_init: function() {},
  pthread_mutexattr_settype: function() {},
  pthread_mutexattr_destroy: function() {},
  pthread_mutex_lock: function() {},
  pthread_mutex_unlock: function() {},
  pthread_mutex_trylock: function() {
    return 0;
  },
  pthread_cond_init: function() {},
  pthread_cond_destroy: function() {},
  pthread_cond_broadcast: function() {
    return 0;
  },
  pthread_cond_wait: function() {
    return 0;
  },
  pthread_cond_timedwait: function() {
    return 0;
  },
  pthread_self: function() {
    //FIXME: assumes only a single thread
    return 0;
  },
  pthread_attr_init: function(attr) {
    /* int pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t *attr); */
    //FIXME: should allocate a pthread_attr_t
    return 0;
  },
  pthread_getattr_np: function(thread, attr) {
    /* int pthread_getattr_np(pthread_t thread, pthread_attr_t *attr); */
    //FIXME: should fill in attributes of the given thread in pthread_attr_t
    return 0;
  },
  pthread_attr_destroy: function(attr) {
    /* int pthread_attr_destroy(pthread_attr_t *attr); */
    //FIXME: should destroy the pthread_attr_t struct
    return 0;
  },
  pthread_attr_getstack: function(attr, stackaddr, stacksize) {
    /* int pthread_attr_getstack(const pthread_attr_t *restrict attr,
       void **restrict stackaddr, size_t *restrict stacksize); */
    /*FIXME: assumes that there is only one thread, and that attr is the
      current thread*/
    {{{ makeSetValue('stackaddr', '0', 'STACK_BASE', 'i8*') }}}
    {{{ makeSetValue('stacksize', '0', 'TOTAL_STACK', 'i32') }}}
    return 0;
  },

  pthread_once: function(ptr, func) {
    if (!_pthread_once.seen) _pthread_once.seen = {};
    if (ptr in _pthread_once.seen) return;
    Runtime.dynCall('v', func);
    _pthread_once.seen[ptr] = 1;
  },

  pthread_key_create: function(key, destructor) {
    if (!_pthread_key_create.keys) _pthread_key_create.keys = {};
    // values start at 0
    _pthread_key_create.keys[key] = 0;
  },

  pthread_getspecific: function(key) {
    return _pthread_key_create.keys[key] || 0;
  },

  pthread_setspecific: function(key, value) {
    _pthread_key_create.keys[key] = value;
  },

  pthread_key_delete: ['$ERRNO_CODES'],
  pthread_key_delete: function(key) {
    if (_pthread_key_create.keys[key]) {
      delete _pthread_key_create.keys[key];
      return 0;
    }
    return ERRNO_CODES.EINVAL;
  },

  pthread_cleanup_push: function(routine, arg) {
    __ATEXIT__.push({ func: function() { Runtime.dynCall('vi', routine, [arg]) } })
    _pthread_cleanup_push.level = __ATEXIT__.length;
  },

  pthread_cleanup_pop: function() {
    assert(_pthread_cleanup_push.level == __ATEXIT__.length, 'cannot pop if something else added meanwhile!');
    __ATEXIT__.pop();
    _pthread_cleanup_push.level = __ATEXIT__.length;
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // malloc.h
  // ==========================================================================

  memalign: function(boundary, size) {
    // leaks, and even returns an invalid pointer. Horrible hack... but then, this is a deprecated function...
    var ret = Runtime.staticAlloc(size + boundary);
    return ret + boundary - (ret % boundary);
  },

  posix_memalign__deps: ['memalign'],
  posix_memalign: function(memptr, alignment, size) {
    var ptr = _memalign(alignment, size);
    {{{ makeSetValue('memptr', '0', 'ptr', 'i8*') }}}
    return 0;
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // arpa/inet.h
  // ==========================================================================

  htonl: function(value) {
    return ((value & 0xff) << 24) + ((value & 0xff00) << 8) +
           ((value & 0xff0000) >>> 8) + ((value & 0xff000000) >>> 24);
  },
  htons: function(value) {
    return ((value & 0xff) << 8) + ((value & 0xff00) >> 8);
  },
  ntohl: 'htonl',
  ntohs: 'htons',

  inet_addr: function(ptr) {
    var b = Pointer_stringify(ptr).split(".");
    if (b.length !== 4) return -1; // we return -1 for error, and otherwise a uint32. this helps inet_pton differentiate
    return (Number(b[0]) | (Number(b[1]) << 8) | (Number(b[2]) << 16) | (Number(b[3]) << 24)) >>> 0;
  },

  inet_pton__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', 'inet_addr'],
  inet_pton: function(af, src, dst) {
    // int af, const char *src, void *dst
    if ((af ^ {{{ cDefine("AF_INET") }}}) !==  0) { ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EAFNOSUPPORT); return -1; }
    var ret = _inet_addr(src);
    if (ret == -1 || isNaN(ret)) return 0;
    setValue(dst, ret, 'i32');
    return 1;
  },

  _inet_ntop_raw: function(addr) {
    return (addr & 0xff) + '.' + ((addr >> 8) & 0xff) + '.' + ((addr >> 16) & 0xff) + '.' + ((addr >> 24) & 0xff)
  },

  inet_ntop__deps: ['_inet_ntop_raw'],
  inet_ntop: function(af, src, dst, size) {
    var addr = getValue(src, 'i32');
    var str = __inet_ntop_raw(addr);
    writeStringToMemory(str.substr(0, size), dst);
    return dst;
  },

  inet_ntoa__deps: ['inet_ntop'],
  inet_ntoa: function(in_addr) {
    if (!_inet_ntoa.buffer) {
      _inet_ntoa.buffer = _malloc(1024);
    }
    return _inet_ntop(0, in_addr, _inet_ntoa.buffer, 1024);
  },

  inet_aton__deps: ['inet_addr'],
  inet_aton: function(cp, inp) {
    var addr = _inet_addr(cp);
    setValue(inp, addr, 'i32');
    if (addr < 0) return 0;
    return 1;
  },

  // netinet/in.h

  _in6addr_any:
    'allocate([0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0], "i8", ALLOC_STATIC)',
  _in6addr_loopback:
    'allocate([0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1], "i8", ALLOC_STATIC)',
  _in6addr_linklocal_allnodes:
    'allocate([255,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1], "i8", ALLOC_STATIC)',
  _in6addr_linklocal_allrouters:
    'allocate([255,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2], "i8", ALLOC_STATIC)',
  _in6addr_interfacelocal_allnodes:
    'allocate([255,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1], "i8", ALLOC_STATIC)',
  _in6addr_interfacelocal_allrouters:
    'allocate([255,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2], "i8", ALLOC_STATIC)',
  _in6addr_sitelocal_allrouters:
    'allocate([255,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2], "i8", ALLOC_STATIC)',

  // ==========================================================================
  // netdb.h
  // ==========================================================================

  // All we can do is alias names to ips. you give this a name, it returns an
  // "ip" that we later know to use as a name. There is no way to do actual
  // name resolving clientside in a browser.
  // we do the aliasing in 172.29.*.*, giving us 65536 possibilities
  // note: lots of leaking here!
  __hostent_struct_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
    ['i8*', 'h_name'],
    ['i8**', 'h_aliases'],
    ['i32', 'h_addrtype'],
    ['i32', 'h_length'],
    ['i8**', 'h_addr_list'],
  ]),

  gethostbyname__deps: ['__hostent_struct_layout'],
  gethostbyname: function(name) {
    name = Pointer_stringify(name);
      if (!_gethostbyname.id) {
        _gethostbyname.id = 1;
        _gethostbyname.table = {};
      }
    var id = _gethostbyname.id++;
    assert(id < 65535);
    var fakeAddr = 172 | (29 << 8) | ((id & 0xff) << 16) | ((id & 0xff00) << 24);
    _gethostbyname.table[id] = name;
    // generate hostent
    var ret = _malloc(___hostent_struct_layout.__size__);
    var nameBuf = _malloc(name.length+1);
    writeStringToMemory(name, nameBuf);
    setValue(ret+___hostent_struct_layout.h_name, nameBuf, 'i8*');
    var aliasesBuf = _malloc(4);
    setValue(aliasesBuf, 0, 'i8*');
    setValue(ret+___hostent_struct_layout.h_aliases, aliasesBuf, 'i8**');
    setValue(ret+___hostent_struct_layout.h_addrtype, {{{ cDefine("AF_INET") }}}, 'i32');
    setValue(ret+___hostent_struct_layout.h_length, 4, 'i32');
    var addrListBuf = _malloc(12);
    setValue(addrListBuf, addrListBuf+8, 'i32*');
    setValue(addrListBuf+4, 0, 'i32*');
    setValue(addrListBuf+8, fakeAddr, 'i32');
    setValue(ret+___hostent_struct_layout.h_addr_list, addrListBuf, 'i8**');
    return ret;
  },

  gethostbyname_r__deps: ['gethostbyname'],
  gethostbyname_r: function(name, hostData, buffer, bufferSize, hostEntry, errnum) {
    var data = _gethostbyname(name);
    _memcpy(hostData, data, ___hostent_struct_layout.__size__);
    _free(data);
    setValue(errnum, 0, 'i32');
    return 0;
  },

  // ==========================================================================
  // sockets. Note that the implementation assumes all sockets are always
  // nonblocking
  // ==========================================================================
#if SOCKET_WEBRTC
  $Sockets__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES',
    function() { return 'var SocketIO = ' + read('socket.io.js') + ';\n' },
    function() { return 'var Peer = ' + read('wrtcp.js') + ';\n' }],
#else
  $Sockets__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
#endif
  $Sockets: {
    BUFFER_SIZE: 10*1024, // initial size
    MAX_BUFFER_SIZE: 10*1024*1024, // maximum size we will grow the buffer

    nextFd: 1,
    fds: {},
    nextport: 1,
    maxport: 65535,
    peer: null,
    connections: {},
    portmap: {},
    localAddr: 0xfe00000a, // Local address is always 10.0.0.254
    addrPool: [            0x0200000a, 0x0300000a, 0x0400000a, 0x0500000a,
               0x0600000a, 0x0700000a, 0x0800000a, 0x0900000a, 0x0a00000a,
               0x0b00000a, 0x0c00000a, 0x0d00000a, 0x0e00000a], /* 0x0100000a is reserved */
    sockaddr_in_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
      ['i32', 'sin_family'],
      ['i16', 'sin_port'],
      ['i32', 'sin_addr'],
      ['i32', 'sin_zero'],
      ['i16', 'sin_zero_b'],
    ]),
    msghdr_layout: Runtime.generateStructInfo([
      ['*', 'msg_name'],
      ['i32', 'msg_namelen'],
      ['*', 'msg_iov'],
      ['i32', 'msg_iovlen'],
      ['*', 'msg_control'],
      ['i32', 'msg_controllen'],
      ['i32', 'msg_flags'],
    ]),
  },

#if SOCKET_WEBRTC
  /* WebRTC sockets supports several options on the Module object.

     * Module['host']: true if this peer is hosting, false otherwise
     * Module['webrtc']['broker']: hostname for the p2p broker that this peer should use
     * Module['webrtc']['session']: p2p session for that this peer will join, or undefined if this peer is hosting
     * Module['webrtc']['hostOptions']: options to pass into p2p library if this peer is hosting
     * Module['webrtc']['onpeer']: function(peer, route), invoked when this peer is ready to connect
     * Module['webrtc']['onconnect']: function(peer), invoked when a new peer connection is ready
     * Module['webrtc']['ondisconnect']: function(peer), invoked when an existing connection is closed
     * Module['webrtc']['onerror']: function(error), invoked when an error occurs
   */
  socket__deps: ['$Sockets'],
  socket: function(family, type, protocol) {
    var INCOMING_QUEUE_LENGTH = 64;
    var fd = FS.createFileHandle({
      addr: null,
      port: null,
      inQueue: new CircularBuffer(INCOMING_QUEUE_LENGTH),
      header: new Uint16Array(2),
      bound: false,
      socket: true
    });
    assert(fd < 64); // select() assumes socket fd values are in 0..63
    var stream = type == {{{ cDefine('SOCK_STREAM') }}};
    if (protocol) {
      assert(stream == (protocol == {{{ cDefine('IPPROTO_TCP') }}})); // if stream, must be tcp
    }

    // Open the peer connection if we don't have it already
    if (null == Sockets.peer) {
      var host = Module['host'];
      var broker = Module['webrtc']['broker'];
      var session = Module['webrtc']['session'];
      var peer = new Peer(broker);
      var listenOptions = Module['webrtc']['hostOptions'] || {};
      peer.onconnection = function(connection) {
        console.log('connected');
        var addr;
        /* If this peer is connecting to the host, assign 10.0.0.1 to the host so it can be
           reached at a known address.
         */
        // Assign 10.0.0.1 to the host
        if (session && session === connection['route']) {
          addr = 0x0100000a; // 10.0.0.1
        } else {
          addr = Sockets.addrPool.shift();
        }
        connection['addr'] = addr;
        Sockets.connections[addr] = connection;
        connection.ondisconnect = function() {
          console.log('disconnect');
          // Don't return the host address (10.0.0.1) to the pool
          if (!(session && session === Sockets.connections[addr]['route'])) {
            Sockets.addrPool.push(addr);
          }
          delete Sockets.connections[addr];

          if (Module['webrtc']['ondisconnect'] && 'function' === typeof Module['webrtc']['ondisconnect']) {
            Module['webrtc']['ondisconnect'](peer);
          }
        };
        connection.onerror = function(error) {
          if (Module['webrtc']['onerror'] && 'function' === typeof Module['webrtc']['onerror']) {
            Module['webrtc']['onerror'](error);
          }
        };
        connection.onmessage = function(label, message) {
          if ('unreliable' === label) {
            handleMessage(addr, message.data);
          }
        }

        if (Module['webrtc']['onconnect'] && 'function' === typeof Module['webrtc']['onconnect']) {
          Module['webrtc']['onconnect'](peer);
        }
      };
      peer.onpending = function(pending) {
        console.log('pending from: ', pending['route'], '; initiated by: ', (pending['incoming']) ? 'remote' : 'local');
      };
      peer.onerror = function(error) {
        console.error(error);
      };
      peer.onroute = function(route) {
        if (Module['webrtc']['onpeer'] && 'function' === typeof Module['webrtc']['onpeer']) {
          Module['webrtc']['onpeer'](peer, route);
        }
      };
      function handleMessage(addr, message) {
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
        Module.print("received " + message.byteLength + " raw bytes");
#endif
        var header = new Uint16Array(message, 0, 2);
        if (Sockets.portmap[header[1]]) {
          Sockets.portmap[header[1]].inQueue.push([addr, message]);
        } else {
          console.log("unable to deliver message: ", addr, header[1], message);
        }
      }
      window.onbeforeunload = function() {
        var ids = Object.keys(Sockets.connections);
        ids.forEach(function(id) {
          Sockets.connections[id].close();
        });
      }
      Sockets.peer = peer;
    }

    function CircularBuffer(max_length) {
      var buffer = new Array(++ max_length);
      var head = 0;
      var tail = 0;
      var length = 0;

      return {
        push: function(element) {
          buffer[tail ++] = element;
          length = Math.min(++ length, max_length - 1);
          tail = tail % max_length;
          if (tail === head) {
            head = (head + 1) % max_length;
          }
        },
        shift: function(element) {
          if (length < 1) return undefined;

          var element = buffer[head];
          -- length;
          head = (head + 1) % max_length;
          return element;
        },
        length: function() {
          return length;
        }
      };
    };

    return fd;
  },

  mkport__deps: ['$Sockets'],
  mkport: function() {
    for(var i = 0; i < Sockets.maxport; ++ i) {
      var port = Sockets.nextport ++;
      Sockets.nextport = (Sockets.nextport > Sockets.maxport) ? 1 : Sockets.nextport;
      if (!Sockets.portmap[port]) {
        return port;
      }
    }
    assert(false, 'all available ports are in use!');
  },

  connect: function() {
    // Stub: connection-oriented sockets are not supported yet.
  },

  bind__deps: ['$Sockets', '_inet_ntop_raw', 'ntohs', 'mkport'],
  bind: function(fd, addr, addrlen) {
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    if (addr) {
      info.port = _ntohs(getValue(addr + Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.sin_port, 'i16'));
      // info.addr = getValue(addr + Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.sin_addr, 'i32');
    }
    if (!info.port) {
      info.port = _mkport();
    }
    info.addr = Sockets.localAddr; // 10.0.0.254
    info.host = __inet_ntop_raw(info.addr);
    info.close = function() {
      Sockets.portmap[info.port] = undefined;
    }
    Sockets.portmap[info.port] = info;
    console.log("bind: ", info.host, info.port);
    info.bound = true;
  },

  sendmsg__deps: ['$Sockets', 'bind', '_inet_ntop_raw', 'ntohs'],
  sendmsg: function(fd, msg, flags) {
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    // if we are not connected, use the address info in the message
    if (!info.bound) {
      _bind(fd);
    }

    var name = {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_name', '*') }}};
    assert(name, 'sendmsg on non-connected socket, and no name/address in the message');
    var port = _ntohs(getValue(name + Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.sin_port, 'i16'));
    var addr = getValue(name + Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.sin_addr, 'i32');
    var connection = Sockets.connections[addr];
    // var host = __inet_ntop_raw(addr);

    if (!(connection && connection.connected)) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EWOULDBLOCK);
      return -1;
    }

    var iov = {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_iov', 'i8*') }}};
    var num = {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_iovlen', 'i32') }}};
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
    Module.print('sendmsg vecs: ' + num);
#endif
    var totalSize = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < num; i++) {
      totalSize += {{{ makeGetValue('iov', '8*i + 4', 'i32') }}};
    }
    var data = new Uint8Array(totalSize);
    var ret = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < num; i++) {
      var currNum = {{{ makeGetValue('iov', '8*i + 4', 'i32') }}};
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
    Module.print('sendmsg curr size: ' + currNum);
#endif
      if (!currNum) continue;
      var currBuf = {{{ makeGetValue('iov', '8*i', 'i8*') }}};
      data.set(HEAPU8.subarray(currBuf, currBuf+currNum), ret);
      ret += currNum;
    }

    info.header[0] = info.port; // src port
    info.header[1] = port; // dst port
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
    Module.print('sendmsg port: ' + info.header[0] + ' -> ' + info.header[1]);
    Module.print('sendmsg bytes: ' + data.length + ' | ' + Array.prototype.slice.call(data));
#endif
    var buffer = new Uint8Array(info.header.byteLength + data.byteLength);
    buffer.set(new Uint8Array(info.header.buffer));
    buffer.set(data, info.header.byteLength);

    connection.send('unreliable', buffer.buffer);
  },

  recvmsg__deps: ['$Sockets', 'bind', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', 'htons'],
  recvmsg: function(fd, msg, flags) {
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    // if we are not connected, use the address info in the message
    if (!info.port) {
      console.log('recvmsg on unbound socket');
      assert(false, 'cannot receive on unbound socket');
    }
    if (info.inQueue.length() == 0) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EWOULDBLOCK);
      return -1;
    }

    var entry = info.inQueue.shift();
    var addr = entry[0];
    var message = entry[1];
    var header = new Uint16Array(message, 0, info.header.length);
    var buffer = new Uint8Array(message, info.header.byteLength);

    var bytes = buffer.length;
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
    Module.print('recvmsg port: ' + header[1] + ' <- ' + header[0]);
    Module.print('recvmsg bytes: ' + bytes + ' | ' + Array.prototype.slice.call(buffer));
#endif
    // write source
    var name = {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_name', '*') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('name', 'Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.sin_addr', 'addr', 'i32') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('name', 'Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.sin_port', '_htons(header[0])', 'i16') }}};
    // write data
    var ret = bytes;
    var iov = {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_iov', 'i8*') }}};
    var num = {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_iovlen', 'i32') }}};
    var bufferPos = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < num && bytes > 0; i++) {
      var currNum = {{{ makeGetValue('iov', '8*i + 4', 'i32') }}};
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
      Module.print('recvmsg loop ' + [i, num, bytes, currNum]);
#endif
      if (!currNum) continue;
      currNum = Math.min(currNum, bytes); // XXX what should happen when we partially fill a buffer..?
      bytes -= currNum;
      var currBuf = {{{ makeGetValue('iov', '8*i', 'i8*') }}};
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
      Module.print('recvmsg call recv ' + currNum);
#endif
      HEAPU8.set(buffer.subarray(bufferPos, bufferPos + currNum), currBuf);
      bufferPos += currNum;
    }
    return ret;
  },

  shutdown: function(fd, how) {
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    info.close();
    FS.removeFileHandle(fd);
  },

  ioctl: function(fd, request, varargs) {
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    var bytes = 0;
    if (info.hasData()) {
      bytes = info.inQueue[0].length;
    }
    var dest = {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', '0', 'i32') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('dest', '0', 'bytes', 'i32') }}};
    return 0;
  },

  setsockopt: function(d, level, optname, optval, optlen) {
    console.log('ignoring setsockopt command');
    return 0;
  },

  accept: function(fd, addr, addrlen) {
    // TODO: webrtc queued incoming connections, etc.
    // For now, the model is that bind does a connect, and we "accept" that one connection,
    // which has host:port the same as ours. We also return the same socket fd.
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    if (addr) {
      setValue(addr + Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.sin_addr, info.addr, 'i32');
      setValue(addr + Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.sin_port, info.port, 'i32');
      setValue(addrlen, Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.__size__, 'i32');
    }
    return fd;
  },

  select: function(nfds, readfds, writefds, exceptfds, timeout) {
    // readfds are supported,
    // writefds checks socket open status
    // exceptfds not supported
    // timeout is always 0 - fully async
    assert(!exceptfds);

    var errorCondition = 0;

    function canRead(info) {
      return info.inQueue.length() > 0;
    }

    function canWrite(info) {
      return true;
    }

    function checkfds(nfds, fds, can) {
      if (!fds) return 0;

      var bitsSet = 0;
      var dstLow  = 0;
      var dstHigh = 0;
      var srcLow  = {{{ makeGetValue('fds', 0, 'i32') }}};
      var srcHigh = {{{ makeGetValue('fds', 4, 'i32') }}};
      nfds = Math.min(64, nfds); // fd sets have 64 bits

      for (var fd = 0; fd < nfds; fd++) {
        var mask = 1 << (fd % 32), int_ = fd < 32 ? srcLow : srcHigh;
        if (int_ & mask) {
          // index is in the set, check if it is ready for read
          var info = FS.streams[fd];
          if (info && can(info)) {
            // set bit
            fd < 32 ? (dstLow = dstLow | mask) : (dstHigh = dstHigh | mask);
            bitsSet++;
          }
        }
      }

      {{{ makeSetValue('fds', 0, 'dstLow', 'i32') }}};
      {{{ makeSetValue('fds', 4, 'dstHigh', 'i32') }}};
      return bitsSet;
    }

    var totalHandles = checkfds(nfds, readfds, canRead) + checkfds(nfds, writefds, canWrite);
    if (errorCondition) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    } else {
      return totalHandles;
    }
  },
#else
  socket__deps: ['$Sockets'],
  socket: function(family, type, protocol) {
    var stream = type == {{{ cDefine('SOCK_STREAM') }}};
    if (protocol) {
      assert(stream == (protocol == {{{ cDefine('IPPROTO_TCP') }}})); // if SOCK_STREAM, must be tcp
    }
    var fd = FS.createFileHandle({
      connected: false,
      stream: stream,
      socket: true
    });
    assert(fd < 64); // select() assumes socket fd values are in 0..63
    return fd;
  },

  connect__deps: ['$FS', '$Sockets', '_inet_ntop_raw', 'ntohs', 'gethostbyname'],
  connect: function(fd, addr, addrlen) {
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    info.connected = true;
    info.addr = getValue(addr + Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.sin_addr, 'i32');
    info.port = _htons(getValue(addr + Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.sin_port, 'i16'));
    info.host = __inet_ntop_raw(info.addr);
    // Support 'fake' ips from gethostbyname
    var parts = info.host.split('.');
    if (parts[0] == '172' && parts[1] == '29') {
      var low = Number(parts[2]);
      var high = Number(parts[3]);
      info.host = _gethostbyname.table[low + 0xff*high];
      assert(info.host, 'problem translating fake ip ' + parts);
    }
    try {
      console.log('opening ws://' + info.host + ':' + info.port);
      info.socket = new WebSocket('ws://' + info.host + ':' + info.port, ['binary']);
      info.socket.binaryType = 'arraybuffer';

      var i32Temp = new Uint32Array(1);
      var i8Temp = new Uint8Array(i32Temp.buffer);

      info.inQueue = [];
      info.hasData = function() { return info.inQueue.length > 0 }
      if (!info.stream) {
        var partialBuffer = null; // in datagram mode, inQueue contains full dgram messages; this buffers incomplete data. Must begin with the beginning of a message
      }

      info.socket.onmessage = function(event) {
        assert(typeof event.data !== 'string' && event.data.byteLength); // must get binary data!
        var data = new Uint8Array(event.data); // make a typed array view on the array buffer
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
        Module.print(['onmessage', data.length, '|', Array.prototype.slice.call(data)]);
#endif
        if (info.stream) {
          info.inQueue.push(data);
        } else {
          // we added headers with message sizes, read those to find discrete messages
          if (partialBuffer) {
            // append to the partial buffer
            var newBuffer = new Uint8Array(partialBuffer.length + data.length);
            newBuffer.set(partialBuffer);
            newBuffer.set(data, partialBuffer.length);
            // forget the partial buffer and work on data
            data = newBuffer;
            partialBuffer = null;
          }
          var currPos = 0;
          while (currPos+4 < data.length) {
            i8Temp.set(data.subarray(currPos, currPos+4));
            var currLen = i32Temp[0];
            assert(currLen > 0);
            if (currPos + 4 + currLen > data.length) {
              break; // not enough data has arrived
            }
            currPos += 4;
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
            Module.print(['onmessage message', currLen, '|', Array.prototype.slice.call(data.subarray(currPos, currPos+currLen))]);
#endif
            info.inQueue.push(data.subarray(currPos, currPos+currLen));
            currPos += currLen;
          }
          // If data remains, buffer it
          if (currPos < data.length) {
            partialBuffer = data.subarray(currPos);
          }
        }
      }
      function send(data) {
        // TODO: if browser accepts views, can optimize this
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
        Module.print('sender actually sending ' + Array.prototype.slice.call(data));
#endif
        // ok to use the underlying buffer, we created data and know that the buffer starts at the beginning
        info.socket.send(data.buffer);
      }
      var outQueue = [];
      var intervalling = false, interval;
      function trySend() {
        if (info.socket.readyState != info.socket.OPEN) {
          if (!intervalling) {
            intervalling = true;
            console.log('waiting for socket in order to send');
            interval = setInterval(trySend, 100);
          }
          return;
        }
        for (var i = 0; i < outQueue.length; i++) {
          send(outQueue[i]);
        }
        outQueue.length = 0;
        if (intervalling) {
          intervalling = false;
          clearInterval(interval);
        }
      }
      info.sender = function(data) {
        if (!info.stream) {
          // add a header with the message size
          var header = new Uint8Array(4);
          i32Temp[0] = data.length;
          header.set(i8Temp);
          outQueue.push(header);
        }
        outQueue.push(new Uint8Array(data));
        trySend();
      };
    } catch(e) {
      Module.printErr('Error in connect(): ' + e);
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EACCES);
      return -1;
    }

    return 0;
  },

  recv__deps: ['$FS'],
  recv: function(fd, buf, len, flags) {
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    if (!info.hasData()) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EAGAIN); // no data, and all sockets are nonblocking, so this is the right behavior
      return -1;
    }
    var buffer = info.inQueue.shift();
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
    Module.print('recv: ' + [Array.prototype.slice.call(buffer)]);
#endif
    if (len < buffer.length) {
      if (info.stream) {
        // This is tcp (reliable), so if not all was read, keep it
        info.inQueue.unshift(buffer.subarray(len));
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
        Module.print('recv: put back: ' + (len - buffer.length));
#endif
      }
      buffer = buffer.subarray(0, len);
    }
    HEAPU8.set(buffer, buf);
    return buffer.length;
  },

  send__deps: ['$FS'],
  send: function(fd, buf, len, flags) {
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    info.sender(HEAPU8.subarray(buf, buf+len));
    return len;
  },

  sendmsg__deps: ['$FS', '$Sockets', 'connect'],
  sendmsg: function(fd, msg, flags) {
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    // if we are not connected, use the address info in the message
    if (!info.connected) {
      var name = {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_name', '*') }}};
      assert(name, 'sendmsg on non-connected socket, and no name/address in the message');
      _connect(fd, name, {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_namelen', 'i32') }}});
    }
    var iov = {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_iov', 'i8*') }}};
    var num = {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_iovlen', 'i32') }}};
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
    Module.print('sendmsg vecs: ' + num);
#endif
    var totalSize = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < num; i++) {
      totalSize += {{{ makeGetValue('iov', '8*i + 4', 'i32') }}};
    }
    var buffer = new Uint8Array(totalSize);
    var ret = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < num; i++) {
      var currNum = {{{ makeGetValue('iov', '8*i + 4', 'i32') }}};
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
      Module.print('sendmsg curr size: ' + currNum);
#endif
      if (!currNum) continue;
      var currBuf = {{{ makeGetValue('iov', '8*i', 'i8*') }}};
      buffer.set(HEAPU8.subarray(currBuf, currBuf+currNum), ret);
      ret += currNum;
    }
    info.sender(buffer); // send all the iovs as a single message
    return ret;
  },

  recvmsg__deps: ['$FS', '$Sockets', 'connect', 'recv', '__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES', 'htons'],
  recvmsg: function(fd, msg, flags) {
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    // if we are not connected, use the address info in the message
    if (!info.connected) {
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
    Module.print('recvmsg connecting');
#endif
      var name = {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_name', '*') }}};
      assert(name, 'sendmsg on non-connected socket, and no name/address in the message');
      _connect(fd, name, {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_namelen', 'i32') }}});
    }
    if (!info.hasData()) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EWOULDBLOCK);
      return -1;
    }
    var buffer = info.inQueue.shift();
    var bytes = buffer.length;
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
    Module.print('recvmsg bytes: ' + bytes);
#endif
    // write source
    var name = {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_name', '*') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('name', 'Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.sin_addr', 'info.addr', 'i32') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('name', 'Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.sin_port', '_htons(info.port)', 'i16') }}};
    // write data
    var ret = bytes;
    var iov = {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_iov', 'i8*') }}};
    var num = {{{ makeGetValue('msg', 'Sockets.msghdr_layout.msg_iovlen', 'i32') }}};
    var bufferPos = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < num && bytes > 0; i++) {
      var currNum = {{{ makeGetValue('iov', '8*i + 4', 'i32') }}};
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
      Module.print('recvmsg loop ' + [i, num, bytes, currNum]);
#endif
      if (!currNum) continue;
      currNum = Math.min(currNum, bytes); // XXX what should happen when we partially fill a buffer..?
      bytes -= currNum;
      var currBuf = {{{ makeGetValue('iov', '8*i', 'i8*') }}};
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
      Module.print('recvmsg call recv ' + currNum);
#endif
      HEAPU8.set(buffer.subarray(bufferPos, bufferPos + currNum), currBuf);
      bufferPos += currNum;
    }
    if (info.stream) {
      // This is tcp (reliable), so if not all was read, keep it
      if (bufferPos < bytes) {
        info.inQueue.unshift(buffer.subarray(bufferPos));
#if SOCKET_DEBUG
        Module.print('recvmsg: put back: ' + (bytes - bufferPos));
#endif
      }
    }
    return ret;
  },

  recvfrom__deps: ['$FS', 'connect', 'recv'],
  recvfrom: function(fd, buf, len, flags, addr, addrlen) {
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    // if we are not connected, use the address info in the message
    if (!info.connected) {
      //var name = {{{ makeGetValue('addr', '0', '*') }}};
      _connect(fd, addr, addrlen);
    }
    return _recv(fd, buf, len, flags);
  },

  shutdown: function(fd, how) {
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    info.socket.close();
    FS.removeFileHandle(fd);
  },

  ioctl: function(fd, request, varargs) {
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    var bytes = 0;
    if (info.hasData()) {
      bytes = info.inQueue[0].length;
    }
    var dest = {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', '0', 'i32') }}};
    {{{ makeSetValue('dest', '0', 'bytes', 'i32') }}};
    return 0;
  },

  setsockopt: function(d, level, optname, optval, optlen) {
    console.log('ignoring setsockopt command');
    return 0;
  },

  bind__deps: ['connect'],
  bind: function(fd, addr, addrlen) {
    return _connect(fd, addr, addrlen);
  },

  listen: function(fd, backlog) {
    return 0;
  },

  accept__deps: ['$FS', '$Sockets'],
  accept: function(fd, addr, addrlen) {
    // TODO: webrtc queued incoming connections, etc.
    // For now, the model is that bind does a connect, and we "accept" that one connection,
    // which has host:port the same as ours. We also return the same socket fd.
    var info = FS.streams[fd];
    if (!info) return -1;
    if (addr) {
      setValue(addr + Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.sin_addr, info.addr, 'i32');
      setValue(addr + Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.sin_port, info.port, 'i32');
      setValue(addrlen, Sockets.sockaddr_in_layout.__size__, 'i32');
    }
    return fd;
  },

  select__deps: ['$FS'],
  select: function(nfds, readfds, writefds, exceptfds, timeout) {
    // readfds are supported,
    // writefds checks socket open status
    // exceptfds not supported
    // timeout is always 0 - fully async
    assert(!exceptfds);

    var errorCondition = 0;

    function canRead(info) {
      // make sure hasData exists.
      // we do create it when the socket is connected,
      // but other implementations may create it lazily
      if ((info.socket.readyState == WebSocket.CLOSING || info.socket.readyState == WebSocket.CLOSED) && info.inQueue.length == 0) {
        errorCondition = -1;
        return false;
      }
      return info.hasData && info.hasData();
    }

    function canWrite(info) {
      // make sure socket exists.
      // we do create it when the socket is connected,
      // but other implementations may create it lazily
      if ((info.socket.readyState == WebSocket.CLOSING || info.socket.readyState == WebSocket.CLOSED)) {
        errorCondition = -1;
        return false;
      }
      return info.socket && (info.socket.readyState == info.socket.OPEN);
    }

    function checkfds(nfds, fds, can) {
      if (!fds) return 0;

      var bitsSet = 0;
      var dstLow  = 0;
      var dstHigh = 0;
      var srcLow  = {{{ makeGetValue('fds', 0, 'i32') }}};
      var srcHigh = {{{ makeGetValue('fds', 4, 'i32') }}};
      nfds = Math.min(64, nfds); // fd sets have 64 bits

      for (var fd = 0; fd < nfds; fd++) {
        var mask = 1 << (fd % 32), int_ = fd < 32 ? srcLow : srcHigh;
        if (int_ & mask) {
          // index is in the set, check if it is ready for read
          var info = FS.streams[fd];
          if (info && can(info)) {
            // set bit
            fd < 32 ? (dstLow = dstLow | mask) : (dstHigh = dstHigh | mask);
            bitsSet++;
          }
        }
      }

      {{{ makeSetValue('fds', 0, 'dstLow', 'i32') }}};
      {{{ makeSetValue('fds', 4, 'dstHigh', 'i32') }}};
      return bitsSet;
    }

    var totalHandles = checkfds(nfds, readfds, canRead) + checkfds(nfds, writefds, canWrite);
    if (errorCondition) {
      ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EBADF);
      return -1;
    } else {
      return totalHandles;
    }
  },
#endif

  socketpair__deps: ['__setErrNo', '$ERRNO_CODES'],
  socketpair: function(domain, type, protocol, sv) {
    // int socketpair(int domain, int type, int protocol, int sv[2]);
    // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/socketpair.html
    ___setErrNo(ERRNO_CODES.EOPNOTSUPP);
    return -1;
  },

  // pty.h

  openpty: function() { throw 'openpty: TODO' },
  forkpty: function() { throw 'forkpty: TODO' },

  // grp.h

  initgroups: function() { throw 'initgroups: TODO' },

  // pwd.h

  getpwnam: function() { throw 'getpwnam: TODO' },
  setpwent: function() { throw 'setpwent: TODO' },
  getpwent: function() { throw 'getpwent: TODO' },
  endpwent: function() { throw 'endpwent: TODO' },

  // ==========================================================================
  // emscripten.h
  // ==========================================================================

  emscripten_run_script: function(ptr) {
    eval(Pointer_stringify(ptr));
  },

  emscripten_run_script_int: function(ptr) {
    return eval(Pointer_stringify(ptr))|0;
  },

  emscripten_run_script_string: function(ptr) {
    var s = eval(Pointer_stringify(ptr));
    var me = _emscripten_run_script_string;
    if (!me.bufferSize || me.bufferSize < s.length+1) {
      if (me.bufferSize) _free(me.buffer);
      me.bufferSize = s.length+1;
      me.buffer = _malloc(me.bufferSize);
    }
    writeStringToMemory(s, me.buffer);
    return me.buffer;
  },

  emscripten_random: function() {
    return Math.random();
  },

  emscripten_jcache_printf___deps: ['_formatString'],
  emscripten_jcache_printf_: function(varargs) {
    var MAX = 10240;
    if (!_emscripten_jcache_printf_.buffer) {
      _emscripten_jcache_printf_.buffer = _malloc(MAX);
    }
    var i = 0;
    do {
      var curr = {{{ makeGetValue('varargs', '0', 'i8') }}};
      varargs += {{{ STACK_ALIGN }}};
      {{{ makeSetValue('_emscripten_jcache_printf_.buffer', 'i', 'curr', 'i8') }}};
      i++;
      assert(i*{{{ STACK_ALIGN }}} < MAX);
    } while (curr != 0);
    Module.print(intArrayToString(__formatString(_emscripten_jcache_printf_.buffer, varargs)).replace('\\n', ''));
    Runtime.stackAlloc(-4*i); // free up the stack space we know is ok to free
  },

  //============================
  // i64 math
  //============================

  i64Add__asm: true,
  i64Add__sig: 'iiiii',
  i64Add: function(a, b, c, d) {
    /*
      x = a + b*2^32
      y = c + d*2^32
      result = l + h*2^32
    */
    a = a|0; b = b|0; c = c|0; d = d|0;
    var l = 0, h = 0;
    l = (a + c)>>>0;
    h = (b + d + (((l>>>0) < (a>>>0))|0))>>>0; // Add carry from low word to high word on overflow.
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['l|0', 'h'], true) }}};
  },
  llvm_uadd_with_overflow_i64__asm: true,
  llvm_uadd_with_overflow_i64__sig: 'iiiii',
  llvm_uadd_with_overflow_i64: function(a, b, c, d) {
    a = a|0; b = b|0; c = c|0; d = d|0;
    var l = 0, h = 0, overflow = 0;
    l = (a + c)>>>0;
    h = (b + d)>>>0;
    overflow = ((h>>>0) < (b>>>0))|0; // Return whether addition overflowed even the high word.
    if ((l>>>0) < (a>>>0)) {
      h = (h + 1)>>>0; // Add carry from low word to high word on overflow.
      overflow = overflow | (!h); // Check again for overflow.
    }
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['l|0', 'h', 'overflow'], true) }}};
  },

  i64Subtract__asm: true,
  i64Subtract__sig: 'iiiii',
  i64Subtract: function(a, b, c, d) {
    a = a|0; b = b|0; c = c|0; d = d|0;
    var l = 0, h = 0;
    l = (a - c)>>>0;
    h = (b - d)>>>0;
    h = (b - d - (((c>>>0) > (a>>>0))|0))>>>0; // Borrow one from high word to low word on underflow.
    {{{ makeStructuralReturn(['l|0', 'h'], true) }}};
  },

  bitshift64Shl__asm: true,
  bitshift64Shl__sig: 'iiii',
  bitshift64Shl: function(low, high, bits) {
    low = low|0; high = high|0; bits = bits|0;
    var ander = 0;
    if ((bits|0) < 32) {
      ander = ((1 << bits) - 1)|0;
      tempRet0 = (high << bits) | ((low&(ander << (32 - bits))) >>> (32 - bits));
      return low << bits;
    }
    tempRet0 = low << (bits - 32);
    return 0;
  },
  bitshift64Ashr__asm: true,
  bitshift64Ashr__sig: 'iiii',
  bitshift64Ashr: function(low, high, bits) {
    low = low|0; high = high|0; bits = bits|0;
    var ander = 0;
    if ((bits|0) < 32) {
      ander = ((1 << bits) - 1)|0;
      tempRet0 = high >> bits;
      return (low >>> bits) | ((high&ander) << (32 - bits));
    }
    tempRet0 = (high|0) < 0 ? -1 : 0;
    return (high >> (bits - 32))|0;
  },
  bitshift64Lshr__asm: true,
  bitshift64Lshr__sig: 'iiii',
  bitshift64Lshr: function(low, high, bits) {
    low = low|0; high = high|0; bits = bits|0;
    var ander = 0;
    if ((bits|0) < 32) {
      ander = ((1 << bits) - 1)|0;
      tempRet0 = high >>> bits;
      return (low >>> bits) | ((high&ander) << (32 - bits));
    }
    tempRet0 = 0;
    return (high >>> (bits - 32))|0;
  },
};

function autoAddDeps(object, name) {
  name = [name];
  for (var item in object) {
    if (item.substr(-6) != '__deps' && !object[item + '__deps']) {
      object[item + '__deps'] = name;
    }
  }
}

// Add aborting stubs for various libc stuff needed by libc++
['pthread_cond_signal', 'pthread_equal', 'wcstol', 'wcstoll', 'wcstoul', 'wcstoull', 'wcstof', 'wcstod', 'wcstold', 'swprintf', 'pthread_join', 'pthread_detach', 'strcoll_l', 'strxfrm_l', 'wcscoll_l', 'toupper_l', 'tolower_l', 'iswspace_l', 'iswprint_l', 'iswcntrl_l', 'iswupper_l', 'iswlower_l', 'iswalpha_l', 'iswdigit_l', 'iswpunct_l', 'iswxdigit_l', 'iswblank_l', 'wcsxfrm_l', 'towupper_l', 'towlower_l'].forEach(function(aborter) {
  LibraryManager.library[aborter] = function() { throw 'TODO: ' + aborter };
});