385. 迷你语法分析器

English Version

题目描述

给定一个字符串 s 表示一个整数嵌套列表，实现一个解析它的语法分析器并返回解析的结果 NestedInteger 。

列表中的每个元素只可能是整数或整数嵌套列表

 

示例 1：

输入：s = "324",
输出：324
解释：你应该返回一个 NestedInteger 对象，其中只包含整数值 324。

示例 2：

输入：s = "[123,[456,[789]]]",
输出：[123,[456,[789]]]
解释：返回一个 NestedInteger 对象包含一个有两个元素的嵌套列表：
1. 一个 integer 包含值 123
2. 一个包含两个元素的嵌套列表：
    i.  一个 integer 包含值 456
    ii. 一个包含一个元素的嵌套列表
         a. 一个 integer 包含值 789

 

提示：

• 1 <= s.length <= 5 * 104
• s 由数字、方括号 "[]"、负号 '-' 、逗号 ','组成
• 用例保证 s 是可解析的 NestedInteger
• 输入中的所有值的范围是 [-106, 106]

解法

方法一：递归

我们首先判断字符串 $s$ 是否为空或是一个空列表，如果是的话，直接返回一个空的 NestedInteger 即可。如果 $s$ 是一个整数，我们直接返回一个包含这个整数的 NestedInteger。否则，我们从左到右遍历字符串 $s$，如果当前深度为 $0$，并且遇到了逗号或者字符串 $s$ 的末尾，则我们截取出一个子串并递归调用函数解析该子串，将返回值加入到列表中。否则，如果当前遇到了左括号，我们将深度加 $1$，并继续遍历。如果遇到了右括号，我们将深度减 $1$，继续遍历。

遍历结束后，返回答案。

时间复杂度 $O(n)$，空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $n$ 是字符串 $s$ 的长度。

# """
# This is the interface that allows for creating nested lists.
# You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
# """
# class NestedInteger:
#    def __init__(self, value=None):
#        """
#        If value is not specified, initializes an empty list.
#        Otherwise initializes a single integer equal to value.
#        """
#
#    def isInteger(self):
#        """
#        @return True if this NestedInteger holds a single integer, rather than a nested list.
#        :rtype bool
#        """
#
#    def add(self, elem):
#        """
#        Set this NestedInteger to hold a nested list and adds a nested integer elem to it.
#        :rtype void
#        """
#
#    def setInteger(self, value):
#        """
#        Set this NestedInteger to hold a single integer equal to value.
#        :rtype void
#        """
#
#    def getInteger(self):
#        """
#        @return the single integer that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a single integer
#        Return None if this NestedInteger holds a nested list
#        :rtype int
#        """
#
#    def getList(self):
#        """
#        @return the nested list that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a nested list
#        Return None if this NestedInteger holds a single integer
#        :rtype List[NestedInteger]
#        """
class Solution:
    def deserialize(self, s: str) -> NestedInteger:
        if not s or s == '[]':
            return NestedInteger()
        if s[0] != '[':
            return NestedInteger(int(s))
        ans = NestedInteger()
        depth, j = 0, 1
        for i in range(1, len(s)):
            if depth == 0 and (s[i] == ',' or i == len(s) - 1):
                ans.add(self.deserialize(s[j:i]))
                j = i + 1
            elif s[i] == '[':
                depth += 1
            elif s[i] == ']':
                depth -= 1
        return ans

/**
 * // This is the interface that allows for creating nested lists.
 * // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
 * public interface NestedInteger {
 *     // Constructor initializes an empty nested list.
 *     public NestedInteger();
 *
 *     // Constructor initializes a single integer.
 *     public NestedInteger(int value);
 *
 *     // @return true if this NestedInteger holds a single integer, rather than a nested list.
 *     public boolean isInteger();
 *
 *     // @return the single integer that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a single integer
 *     // Return null if this NestedInteger holds a nested list
 *     public Integer getInteger();
 *
 *     // Set this NestedInteger to hold a single integer.
 *     public void setInteger(int value);
 *
 *     // Set this NestedInteger to hold a nested list and adds a nested integer to it.
 *     public void add(NestedInteger ni);
 *
 *     // @return the nested list that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a nested list
 *     // Return empty list if this NestedInteger holds a single integer
 *     public List<NestedInteger> getList();
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public NestedInteger deserialize(String s) {
        if ("".equals(s) || "[]".equals(s)) {
            return new NestedInteger();
        }
        if (s.charAt(0) != '[') {
            return new NestedInteger(Integer.parseInt(s));
        }
        NestedInteger ans = new NestedInteger();
        int depth = 0;
        for (int i = 1, j = 1; i < s.length(); ++i) {
            if (depth == 0 && (s.charAt(i) == ',' || i == s.length() - 1)) {
                ans.add(deserialize(s.substring(j, i)));
                j = i + 1;
            } else if (s.charAt(i) == '[') {
                ++depth;
            } else if (s.charAt(i) == ']') {
                --depth;
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

/**
 * // This is the interface that allows for creating nested lists.
 * // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
 * class NestedInteger {
 *   public:
 *     // Constructor initializes an empty nested list.
 *     NestedInteger();
 *
 *     // Constructor initializes a single integer.
 *     NestedInteger(int value);
 *
 *     // Return true if this NestedInteger holds a single integer, rather than a nested list.
 *     bool isInteger() const;
 *
 *     // Return the single integer that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a single integer
 *     // The result is undefined if this NestedInteger holds a nested list
 *     int getInteger() const;
 *
 *     // Set this NestedInteger to hold a single integer.
 *     void setInteger(int value);
 *
 *     // Set this NestedInteger to hold a nested list and adds a nested integer to it.
 *     void add(const NestedInteger &ni);
 *
 *     // Return the nested list that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a nested list
 *     // The result is undefined if this NestedInteger holds a single integer
 *     const vector<NestedInteger> &getList() const;
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    NestedInteger deserialize(string s) {
        if (s == "" || s == "[]") {
            return NestedInteger();
        }
        if (s[0] != '[') {
            return NestedInteger(stoi(s));
        }
        NestedInteger ans;
        int depth = 0;
        for (int i = 1, j = 1; i < s.size(); ++i) {
            if (depth == 0 && (s[i] == ',' || i == s.size() - 1)) {
                ans.add(deserialize(s.substr(j, i - j)));
                j = i + 1;
            } else if (s[i] == '[') {
                ++depth;
            } else if (s[i] == ']') {
                --depth;
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

/**
 * // This is the interface that allows for creating nested lists.
 * // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
 * type NestedInteger struct {
 * }
 *
 * // Return true if this NestedInteger holds a single integer, rather than a nested list.
 * func (n NestedInteger) IsInteger() bool {}
 *
 * // Return the single integer that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a single integer
 * // The result is undefined if this NestedInteger holds a nested list
 * // So before calling this method, you should have a check
 * func (n NestedInteger) GetInteger() int {}
 *
 * // Set this NestedInteger to hold a single integer.
 * func (n *NestedInteger) SetInteger(value int) {}
 *
 * // Set this NestedInteger to hold a nested list and adds a nested integer to it.
 * func (n *NestedInteger) Add(elem NestedInteger) {}
 *
 * // Return the nested list that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a nested list
 * // The list length is zero if this NestedInteger holds a single integer
 * // You can access NestedInteger's List element directly if you want to modify it
 * func (n NestedInteger) GetList() []*NestedInteger {}
 */
func deserialize(s string) *NestedInteger {
	ans := &NestedInteger{}
	if s == "" || s == "[]" {
		return ans
	}
	if s[0] != '[' {
		v, _ := strconv.Atoi(s)
		ans.SetInteger(v)
		return ans
	}
	depth := 0
	for i, j := 1, 1; i < len(s); i++ {
		if depth == 0 && (s[i] == ',' || i == len(s)-1) {
			(*ans).Add(*deserialize(s[j:i]))
			j = i + 1
		} else if s[i] == '[' {
			depth++
		} else if s[i] == ']' {
			depth--
		}
	}
	return ans
}

/**
 * // This is the interface that allows for creating nested lists.
 * // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
 * class NestedInteger {
 *     If value is provided, then it holds a single integer
 *     Otherwise it holds an empty nested list
 *     constructor(value?: number) {
 *         ...
 *     };
 *
 *     Return true if this NestedInteger holds a single integer, rather than a nested list.
 *     isInteger(): boolean {
 *         ...
 *     };
 *
 *     Return the single integer that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a single integer
 *     Return null if this NestedInteger holds a nested list
 *     getInteger(): number | null {
 *         ...
 *     };
 *
 *     Set this NestedInteger to hold a single integer equal to value.
 *     setInteger(value: number) {
 *         ...
 *     };
 *
 *     Set this NestedInteger to hold a nested list and adds a nested integer elem to it.
 *     add(elem: NestedInteger) {
 *         ...
 *     };
 *
 *     Return the nested list that this NestedInteger holds,
 *     or an empty list if this NestedInteger holds a single integer
 *     getList(): NestedInteger[] {
 *         ...
 *     };
 * };
 */

function deserialize(s: string): NestedInteger {
    if (s === '' || s === '[]') {
        return new NestedInteger();
    }
    if (s[0] !== '[') {
        return new NestedInteger(+s);
    }
    const ans: NestedInteger = new NestedInteger();
    let depth = 0;
    for (let i = 1, j = 1; i < s.length; ++i) {
        if (depth === 0 && (s[i] === ',' || i === s.length - 1)) {
            ans.add(deserialize(s.slice(j, i)));
            j = i + 1;
        } else if (s[i] === '[') {
            ++depth;
        } else if (s[i] === ']') {
            --depth;
        }
    }
    return ans;
}

方法二：栈

我们可以使用栈来模拟递归的过程。

我们首先判断字符串 $s$ 是否是一个整数，如果是，直接返回一个包含这个整数的 NestedInteger。否则，我们从左到右遍历字符串 $s$，对于当前遍历到的字符 $c$：

• 如果 $c$ 是负号，我们将负号标识置为 true；
• 如果 $c$ 是数字，我们将数字加入到当前数字 $x$ 中，其中 $x$ 的初始值为 $0$；
• 如果 $c$ 是左括号，我们将一个新的 NestedInteger 压入栈中；
• 如果 $c$ 是右括号或者逗号，我们判断当前字符的前一个字符是否是数字，如果是，我们根据负号标识将当前数字 $x$ 加入到栈顶的 NestedInteger 中，然后将负号标识置为 false，当前数字 $x$ 重置为 $0$。如果 $c$ 是右括号，并且当前栈的大小大于 $1$，我们将栈顶的 NestedInteger 出栈，将其加入到栈顶的 NestedInteger 中。

遍历结束后，返回栈顶的 NestedInteger 即可。

时间复杂度 $O(n)$，空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $n$ 是字符串 $s$ 的长度。

# """
# This is the interface that allows for creating nested lists.
# You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
# """
# class NestedInteger:
#    def __init__(self, value=None):
#        """
#        If value is not specified, initializes an empty list.
#        Otherwise initializes a single integer equal to value.
#        """
#
#    def isInteger(self):
#        """
#        @return True if this NestedInteger holds a single integer, rather than a nested list.
#        :rtype bool
#        """
#
#    def add(self, elem):
#        """
#        Set this NestedInteger to hold a nested list and adds a nested integer elem to it.
#        :rtype void
#        """
#
#    def setInteger(self, value):
#        """
#        Set this NestedInteger to hold a single integer equal to value.
#        :rtype void
#        """
#
#    def getInteger(self):
#        """
#        @return the single integer that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a single integer
#        Return None if this NestedInteger holds a nested list
#        :rtype int
#        """
#
#    def getList(self):
#        """
#        @return the nested list that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a nested list
#        Return None if this NestedInteger holds a single integer
#        :rtype List[NestedInteger]
#        """
class Solution:
    def deserialize(self, s: str) -> NestedInteger:
        if s[0] != '[':
            return NestedInteger(int(s))
        stk, x, neg = [], 0, False
        for i, c in enumerate(s):
            if c == '-':
                neg = True
            elif c.isdigit():
                x = x * 10 + int(c)
            elif c == '[':
                stk.append(NestedInteger())
            elif c in ',]':
                if s[i - 1].isdigit():
                    if neg:
                        x = -x
                    stk[-1].add(NestedInteger(x))
                x, neg = 0, False
                if c == ']' and len(stk) > 1:
                    t = stk.pop()
                    stk[-1].add(t)
        return stk.pop()

/**
 * // This is the interface that allows for creating nested lists.
 * // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
 * public interface NestedInteger {
 *     // Constructor initializes an empty nested list.
 *     public NestedInteger();
 *
 *     // Constructor initializes a single integer.
 *     public NestedInteger(int value);
 *
 *     // @return true if this NestedInteger holds a single integer, rather than a nested list.
 *     public boolean isInteger();
 *
 *     // @return the single integer that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a single integer
 *     // Return null if this NestedInteger holds a nested list
 *     public Integer getInteger();
 *
 *     // Set this NestedInteger to hold a single integer.
 *     public void setInteger(int value);
 *
 *     // Set this NestedInteger to hold a nested list and adds a nested integer to it.
 *     public void add(NestedInteger ni);
 *
 *     // @return the nested list that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a nested list
 *     // Return empty list if this NestedInteger holds a single integer
 *     public List<NestedInteger> getList();
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public NestedInteger deserialize(String s) {
        if (s.charAt(0) != '[') {
            return new NestedInteger(Integer.parseInt(s));
        }
        Deque<NestedInteger> stk = new ArrayDeque<>();
        int x = 0;
        boolean neg = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) {
            char c = s.charAt(i);
            if (c == '-') {
                neg = true;
            } else if (Character.isDigit(c)) {
                x = x * 10 + c - '0';
            } else if (c == '[') {
                stk.push(new NestedInteger());
            } else if (c == ',' || c == ']') {
                if (Character.isDigit(s.charAt(i - 1))) {
                    if (neg) {
                        x = -x;
                    }
                    stk.peek().add(new NestedInteger(x));
                }
                x = 0;
                neg = false;
                if (c == ']' && stk.size() > 1) {
                    NestedInteger t = stk.pop();
                    stk.peek().add(t);
                }
            }
        }
        return stk.peek();
    }
}

/**
 * // This is the interface that allows for creating nested lists.
 * // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
 * class NestedInteger {
 *   public:
 *     // Constructor initializes an empty nested list.
 *     NestedInteger();
 *
 *     // Constructor initializes a single integer.
 *     NestedInteger(int value);
 *
 *     // Return true if this NestedInteger holds a single integer, rather than a nested list.
 *     bool isInteger() const;
 *
 *     // Return the single integer that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a single integer
 *     // The result is undefined if this NestedInteger holds a nested list
 *     int getInteger() const;
 *
 *     // Set this NestedInteger to hold a single integer.
 *     void setInteger(int value);
 *
 *     // Set this NestedInteger to hold a nested list and adds a nested integer to it.
 *     void add(const NestedInteger &ni);
 *
 *     // Return the nested list that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a nested list
 *     // The result is undefined if this NestedInteger holds a single integer
 *     const vector<NestedInteger> &getList() const;
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    NestedInteger deserialize(string s) {
        if (s[0] != '[') {
            return NestedInteger(stoi(s));
        }
        stack<NestedInteger> stk;
        int x = 0;
        bool neg = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i) {
            if (s[i] == '-') {
                neg = true;
            } else if (isdigit(s[i])) {
                x = x * 10 + s[i] - '0';
            } else if (s[i] == '[') {
                stk.push(NestedInteger());
            } else if (s[i] == ',' || s[i] == ']') {
                if (isdigit(s[i - 1])) {
                    if (neg) {
                        x = -x;
                    }
                    stk.top().add(NestedInteger(x));
                }
                x = 0;
                neg = false;
                if (s[i] == ']' && stk.size() > 1) {
                    auto t = stk.top();
                    stk.pop();
                    stk.top().add(t);
                }
            }
        }
        return stk.top();
    }
};

/**
 * // This is the interface that allows for creating nested lists.
 * // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
 * type NestedInteger struct {
 * }
 *
 * // Return true if this NestedInteger holds a single integer, rather than a nested list.
 * func (n NestedInteger) IsInteger() bool {}
 *
 * // Return the single integer that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a single integer
 * // The result is undefined if this NestedInteger holds a nested list
 * // So before calling this method, you should have a check
 * func (n NestedInteger) GetInteger() int {}
 *
 * // Set this NestedInteger to hold a single integer.
 * func (n *NestedInteger) SetInteger(value int) {}
 *
 * // Set this NestedInteger to hold a nested list and adds a nested integer to it.
 * func (n *NestedInteger) Add(elem NestedInteger) {}
 *
 * // Return the nested list that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a nested list
 * // The list length is zero if this NestedInteger holds a single integer
 * // You can access NestedInteger's List element directly if you want to modify it
 * func (n NestedInteger) GetList() []*NestedInteger {}
 */
func deserialize(s string) *NestedInteger {
	if s[0] != '[' {
		v, _ := strconv.Atoi(s)
		ans := NestedInteger{}
		ans.SetInteger(v)
		return &ans
	}
	stk := []*NestedInteger{}
	x := 0
	neg := false
	for i, c := range s {
		if c == '-' {
			neg = true
		} else if c >= '0' && c <= '9' {
			x = x*10 + int(c-'0')
		} else if c == '[' {
			stk = append(stk, &NestedInteger{})
		} else if c == ',' || c == ']' {
			if s[i-1] >= '0' && s[i-1] <= '9' {
				if neg {
					x = -x
				}
				t := NestedInteger{}
				t.SetInteger(x)
				stk[len(stk)-1].Add(t)
			}
			x = 0
			neg = false
			if c == ']' && len(stk) > 1 {
				t := stk[len(stk)-1]
				stk = stk[:len(stk)-1]
				stk[len(stk)-1].Add(*t)
			}
		}
	}
	return stk[0]
}

/**
 * // This is the interface that allows for creating nested lists.
 * // You should not implement it, or speculate about its implementation
 * class NestedInteger {
 *     If value is provided, then it holds a single integer
 *     Otherwise it holds an empty nested list
 *     constructor(value?: number) {
 *         ...
 *     };
 *
 *     Return true if this NestedInteger holds a single integer, rather than a nested list.
 *     isInteger(): boolean {
 *         ...
 *     };
 *
 *     Return the single integer that this NestedInteger holds, if it holds a single integer
 *     Return null if this NestedInteger holds a nested list
 *     getInteger(): number | null {
 *         ...
 *     };
 *
 *     Set this NestedInteger to hold a single integer equal to value.
 *     setInteger(value: number) {
 *         ...
 *     };
 *
 *     Set this NestedInteger to hold a nested list and adds a nested integer elem to it.
 *     add(elem: NestedInteger) {
 *         ...
 *     };
 *
 *     Return the nested list that this NestedInteger holds,
 *     or an empty list if this NestedInteger holds a single integer
 *     getList(): NestedInteger[] {
 *         ...
 *     };
 * };
 */

function deserialize(s: string): NestedInteger {
    if (s[0] !== '[') {
        return new NestedInteger(+s);
    }
    const stk: NestedInteger[] = [];
    let x = 0;
    let neg = false;
    for (let i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) {
        if (s[i] === '-') {
            neg = true;
        } else if (s[i] === '[') {
            stk.push(new NestedInteger());
        } else if (s[i] >= '0' && s[i] <= '9') {
            x = x * 10 + s[i].charCodeAt(0) - '0'.charCodeAt(0);
        } else if (s[i] === ',' || s[i] === ']') {
            if (s[i - 1] >= '0' && s[i - 1] <= '9') {
                stk[stk.length - 1].add(new NestedInteger(neg ? -x : x));
            }
            x = 0;
            neg = false;
            if (s[i] === ']' && stk.length > 1) {
                const t = stk.pop()!;
                stk[stk.length - 1].add(t);
            }
        }
    }
    return stk[0];
}