|
29 | 29 |
|
30 | 30 | <!-- 这里可写通用的实现逻辑 -->
|
31 | 31 |
|
| 32 | +**方法一:递归** |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | +我们设计一个函数 $dfs(n, a, b, c)$,表示将 $n$ 个盘子从 $a$ 移动到 $c$,其中 $b$ 为辅助柱子。 |
| 35 | + |
| 36 | +我们先将 $n - 1$ 个盘子从 $a$ 移动到 $b$,然后将第 $n$ 个盘子从 $a$ 移动到 $c$,最后将 $n - 1$ 个盘子从 $b$ 移动到 $c$。 |
| 37 | + |
| 38 | +时间复杂度 $O(2^n)$,空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $n$ 是盘子的数目。 |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | +**方法二:迭代(栈)** |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | +我们可以用栈来模拟递归的过程。 |
| 43 | + |
| 44 | +我们定义一个结构体 $Task$,表示一个任务,其中 $n$ 表示盘子的数目,而 $a$, $b$, $c$ 表示三根柱子。 |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | +我们将初始任务 $Task(len(A), A, B, C)$ 压入栈中,然后不断取出栈顶任务进行处理,直到栈为空。 |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | +如果 $n = 1$,那么我们直接将盘子从 $a$ 移动到 $c$。 |
| 49 | + |
| 50 | +否则,我们将三个子任务压入栈中,分别是: |
| 51 | + |
| 52 | +1. 将 $n - 1$ 个盘子从 $b$ 借助 $a$ 移动到 $c$; |
| 53 | +2. 将第 $n$ 个盘子从 $a$ 移动到 $c$; |
| 54 | +3. 将 $n - 1$ 个盘子从 $a$ 借助 $c$ 移动到 $b$。 |
| 55 | + |
| 56 | +时间复杂度 $O(2^n)$,空间复杂度 $O(n)$。其中 $n$ 是盘子的数目。 |
| 57 | + |
32 | 58 | <!-- tabs:start -->
|
33 | 59 |
|
34 | 60 | ### **Python3**
|
35 | 61 |
|
36 | 62 | <!-- 这里可写当前语言的特殊实现逻辑 -->
|
37 | 63 |
|
38 | 64 | ```python
|
| 65 | +class Solution: |
| 66 | + def hanota(self, A: List[int], B: List[int], C: List[int]) -> None: |
| 67 | + def dfs(n, a, b, c): |
| 68 | + if n == 1: |
| 69 | + c.append(a.pop()) |
| 70 | + return |
| 71 | + dfs(n - 1, a, c, b) |
| 72 | + c.append(a.pop()) |
| 73 | + dfs(n - 1, b, a, c) |
39 | 74 |
|
| 75 | + dfs(len(A), A, B, C) |
| 76 | +``` |
| 77 | + |
| 78 | +```python |
| 79 | +class Solution: |
| 80 | + def hanota(self, A: List[int], B: List[int], C: List[int]) -> None: |
| 81 | + stk = [(len(A), A, B, C)] |
| 82 | + while stk: |
| 83 | + n, a, b, c = stk.pop() |
| 84 | + if n == 1: |
| 85 | + c.append(a.pop()) |
| 86 | + else: |
| 87 | + stk.append((n - 1, b, a, c)) |
| 88 | + stk.append((1, a, b, c)) |
| 89 | + stk.append((n - 1, a, c, b)) |
40 | 90 | ```
|
41 | 91 |
|
42 | 92 | ### **Java**
|
43 | 93 |
|
44 | 94 | <!-- 这里可写当前语言的特殊实现逻辑 -->
|
45 | 95 |
|
46 | 96 | ```java
|
| 97 | +class Solution { |
| 98 | + public void hanota(List<Integer> A, List<Integer> B, List<Integer> C) { |
| 99 | + dfs(A.size(), A, B, C); |
| 100 | + } |
| 101 | + |
| 102 | + private void dfs(int n, List<Integer> a, List<Integer> b, List<Integer> c) { |
| 103 | + if (n == 1) { |
| 104 | + c.add(a.remove(a.size() - 1)); |
| 105 | + return; |
| 106 | + } |
| 107 | + dfs(n - 1, a, c, b); |
| 108 | + c.add(a.remove(a.size() - 1)); |
| 109 | + dfs(n - 1, b, a, c); |
| 110 | + } |
| 111 | +} |
| 112 | +``` |
| 113 | + |
| 114 | +```java |
| 115 | +class Solution { |
| 116 | + public void hanota(List<Integer> A, List<Integer> B, List<Integer> C) { |
| 117 | + Deque<Task> stk = new ArrayDeque<>(); |
| 118 | + stk.push(new Task(A.size(), A, B, C)); |
| 119 | + while (stk.size() > 0) { |
| 120 | + Task task = stk.pop(); |
| 121 | + int n = task.n; |
| 122 | + List<Integer> a = task.a; |
| 123 | + List<Integer> b = task.b; |
| 124 | + List<Integer> c = task.c; |
| 125 | + if (n == 1) { |
| 126 | + c.add(a.remove(a.size() - 1)); |
| 127 | + } else { |
| 128 | + stk.push(new Task(n - 1, b, a, c)); |
| 129 | + stk.push(new Task(1, a, b, c)); |
| 130 | + stk.push(new Task(n - 1, a, c, b)); |
| 131 | + } |
| 132 | + } |
| 133 | + } |
| 134 | +} |
| 135 | + |
| 136 | +class Task { |
| 137 | + int n; |
| 138 | + List<Integer> a; |
| 139 | + List<Integer> b; |
| 140 | + List<Integer> c; |
| 141 | + |
| 142 | + public Task(int n, List<Integer> a, List<Integer> b, List<Integer> c) { |
| 143 | + this.n = n; |
| 144 | + this.a = a; |
| 145 | + this.b = b; |
| 146 | + this.c = c; |
| 147 | + } |
| 148 | +} |
| 149 | +``` |
| 150 | + |
| 151 | +### **C++** |
| 152 | + |
| 153 | +```cpp |
| 154 | +class Solution { |
| 155 | +public: |
| 156 | + void hanota(vector<int>& A, vector<int>& B, vector<int>& C) { |
| 157 | + function<void(int, vector<int>&, vector<int>&, vector<int>&)> dfs = [&](int n, vector<int>& a, vector<int>& b, vector<int>& c) { |
| 158 | + if (n == 1) { |
| 159 | + c.push_back(a.back()); |
| 160 | + a.pop_back(); |
| 161 | + return; |
| 162 | + } |
| 163 | + dfs(n - 1, a, c, b); |
| 164 | + c.push_back(a.back()); |
| 165 | + a.pop_back(); |
| 166 | + dfs(n - 1, b, a, c); |
| 167 | + }; |
| 168 | + dfs(A.size(), A, B, C); |
| 169 | + } |
| 170 | +}; |
| 171 | +``` |
| 172 | +
|
| 173 | +```cpp |
| 174 | +struct Task { |
| 175 | + int n; |
| 176 | + vector<int>* a; |
| 177 | + vector<int>* b; |
| 178 | + vector<int>* c; |
| 179 | +}; |
| 180 | +
|
| 181 | +class Solution { |
| 182 | +public: |
| 183 | + void hanota(vector<int>& A, vector<int>& B, vector<int>& C) { |
| 184 | + stack<Task> stk; |
| 185 | + stk.push({(int) A.size(), &A, &B, &C}); |
| 186 | + while (!stk.empty()) { |
| 187 | + Task task = stk.top(); |
| 188 | + stk.pop(); |
| 189 | + if (task.n == 1) { |
| 190 | + task.c->push_back(task.a->back()); |
| 191 | + task.a->pop_back(); |
| 192 | + } else { |
| 193 | + stk.push({task.n - 1, task.b, task.a, task.c}); |
| 194 | + stk.push({1, task.a, task.b, task.c}); |
| 195 | + stk.push({task.n - 1, task.a, task.c, task.b}); |
| 196 | + } |
| 197 | + } |
| 198 | + } |
| 199 | +}; |
| 200 | +``` |
| 201 | + |
| 202 | +### **Go** |
| 203 | + |
| 204 | +```go |
| 205 | +func hanota(A []int, B []int, C []int) []int { |
| 206 | + var dfs func(n int, a, b, c *[]int) |
| 207 | + dfs = func(n int, a, b, c *[]int) { |
| 208 | + if n == 1 { |
| 209 | + *c = append(*c, (*a)[len(*a)-1]) |
| 210 | + *a = (*a)[:len(*a)-1] |
| 211 | + return |
| 212 | + } |
| 213 | + dfs(n-1, a, c, b) |
| 214 | + *c = append(*c, (*a)[len(*a)-1]) |
| 215 | + *a = (*a)[:len(*a)-1] |
| 216 | + dfs(n-1, b, a, c) |
| 217 | + } |
| 218 | + dfs(len(A), &A, &B, &C) |
| 219 | + return C |
| 220 | +} |
| 221 | +``` |
| 222 | + |
| 223 | +```go |
| 224 | +func hanota(A []int, B []int, C []int) []int { |
| 225 | + stk := []Task{{len(A), &A, &B, &C}} |
| 226 | + for len(stk) > 0 { |
| 227 | + task := stk[len(stk)-1] |
| 228 | + stk = stk[:len(stk)-1] |
| 229 | + if task.n == 1 { |
| 230 | + *task.c = append(*task.c, (*task.a)[len(*task.a)-1]) |
| 231 | + *task.a = (*task.a)[:len(*task.a)-1] |
| 232 | + } else { |
| 233 | + stk = append(stk, Task{task.n - 1, task.b, task.a, task.c}) |
| 234 | + stk = append(stk, Task{1, task.a, task.b, task.c}) |
| 235 | + stk = append(stk, Task{task.n - 1, task.a, task.c, task.b}) |
| 236 | + } |
| 237 | + } |
| 238 | + return C |
| 239 | +} |
| 240 | + |
| 241 | +type Task struct { |
| 242 | + n int |
| 243 | + a, b, c *[]int |
| 244 | +} |
| 245 | +``` |
| 246 | + |
| 247 | +### **TypeScript** |
| 248 | + |
| 249 | +```ts |
| 250 | +/** |
| 251 | + Do not return anything, modify C in-place instead. |
| 252 | + */ |
| 253 | +function hanota(A: number[], B: number[], C: number[]): void { |
| 254 | + const dfs = (n: number, a: number[], b: number[], c: number[]) => { |
| 255 | + if (n === 1) { |
| 256 | + c.push(a.pop()!); |
| 257 | + return; |
| 258 | + } |
| 259 | + dfs(n - 1, a, c, b); |
| 260 | + c.push(a.pop()!); |
| 261 | + dfs(n - 1, b, a, c); |
| 262 | + }; |
| 263 | + dfs(A.length, A, B, C); |
| 264 | +} |
| 265 | +``` |
47 | 266 |
|
| 267 | +```ts |
| 268 | +/** |
| 269 | + Do not return anything, modify C in-place instead. |
| 270 | + */ |
| 271 | +function hanota(A: number[], B: number[], C: number[]): void { |
| 272 | + const stk: any[] = [[A.length, A, B, C]]; |
| 273 | + while (stk.length) { |
| 274 | + const [n, a, b, c] = stk.pop()!; |
| 275 | + if (n === 1) { |
| 276 | + c.push(a.pop()); |
| 277 | + } else { |
| 278 | + stk.push([n - 1, b, a, c]); |
| 279 | + stk.push([1, a, b, c]); |
| 280 | + stk.push([n - 1, a, c, b]); |
| 281 | + } |
| 282 | + } |
| 283 | +} |
48 | 284 | ```
|
49 | 285 |
|
50 | 286 | ### **...**
|
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