feat: update solutions to lc problems: No.451,453 (#3825)

Author: yanglbme

solution/0400-0499/0451.Sort Characters By Frequency/README.md

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ tags:
 
 ### 方法一：哈希表 + 排序
 
-我们用哈希表 $cnt$ 统计字符串 $s$ 中每个字符出现的次数，然后将 $cnt$ 中的键值对按照出现次数降序排序，最后按照排序后的顺序拼接字符串即可。
+我们用哈希表 $\textit{cnt}$ 统计字符串 $s$ 中每个字符出现的次数，然后将 $\textit{cnt}$ 中的键值对按照出现次数降序排序，最后按照排序后的顺序拼接字符串即可。
 
 时间复杂度 $O(n + k \times \log k)$，空间复杂度 $O(n + k)$，其中 $n$ 为字符串 $s$ 的长度，而 $k$ 为不同字符的个数。
 
@@ -200,15 +200,16 @@ class Solution {
      * @return String
      */
     function frequencySort($s) {
-        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($s); $i++) {
-            $hashtable[$s[$i]] += 1;
-        }
-        arsort($hashtable);
-        $keys = array_keys($hashtable);
-        for ($j = 0; $j < count($keys); $j++) {
-            $rs = $rs . str_repeat($keys[$j], $hashtable[$keys[$j]]);
+        $cnt = array_count_values(str_split($s));
+        $cs = array_keys($cnt);
+        usort($cs, function ($a, $b) use ($cnt) {
+            return $cnt[$b] <=> $cnt[$a];
+        });
+        $ans = '';
+        foreach ($cs as $c) {
+            $ans .= str_repeat($c, $cnt[$c]);
         }
-        return $rs;
+        return $ans;
     }
 }
 ```

solution/0400-0499/0451.Sort Characters By Frequency/README_EN.md

@@ -67,7 +67,11 @@ Note that 'A' and 'a' are treated as two different characters.
 
 <!-- solution:start -->
 
-### Solution 1
+### Solution 1: Hash Table + Sorting
+
+We use a hash table $\textit{cnt}$ to count the occurrences of each character in the string $s$. Then, we sort the key-value pairs in $\textit{cnt}$ in descending order by the number of occurrences. Finally, we concatenate the characters according to the sorted order.
+
+The time complexity is $O(n + k \times \log k)$, and the space complexity is $O(n + k)$, where $n$ is the length of the string $s$, and $k$ is the number of distinct characters.
 
 <!-- tabs:start -->
 
@@ -194,15 +198,16 @@ class Solution {
      * @return String
      */
     function frequencySort($s) {
-        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($s); $i++) {
-            $hashtable[$s[$i]] += 1;
-        }
-        arsort($hashtable);
-        $keys = array_keys($hashtable);
-        for ($j = 0; $j < count($keys); $j++) {
-            $rs = $rs . str_repeat($keys[$j], $hashtable[$keys[$j]]);
+        $cnt = array_count_values(str_split($s));
+        $cs = array_keys($cnt);
+        usort($cs, function ($a, $b) use ($cnt) {
+            return $cnt[$b] <=> $cnt[$a];
+        });
+        $ans = '';
+        foreach ($cs as $c) {
+            $ans .= str_repeat($c, $cnt[$c]);
         }
-        return $rs;
+        return $ans;
     }
 }
 ```

solution/0400-0499/0451.Sort Characters By Frequency/Solution.php

@@ -4,14 +4,15 @@ class Solution {
      * @return String
      */
     function frequencySort($s) {
-        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($s); $i++) {
-            $hashtable[$s[$i]] += 1;
+        $cnt = array_count_values(str_split($s));
+        $cs = array_keys($cnt);
+        usort($cs, function ($a, $b) use ($cnt) {
+            return $cnt[$b] <=> $cnt[$a];
+        });
+        $ans = '';
+        foreach ($cs as $c) {
+            $ans .= str_repeat($c, $cnt[$c]);
         }
-        arsort($hashtable);
-        $keys = array_keys($hashtable);
-        for ($j = 0; $j < count($keys); $j++) {
-            $rs = $rs . str_repeat($keys[$j], $hashtable[$keys[$j]]);
-        }
-        return $rs;
+        return $ans;
     }
 }

solution/0400-0499/0453.Minimum Moves to Equal Array Elements/README.md

@@ -57,28 +57,28 @@ tags:
 
 ### 方法一：数学
 
-我们不妨记数组 $nums$ 的最小值为 $mi$，数组的和为 $s$，数组的长度为 $n$。
+我们不妨记数组 $\textit{nums}$ 的最小值为 $\textit{mi}$，数组的和为 $\textit{s}$，数组的长度为 $\textit{n}$。
 
-假设最小操作次数为 $k$，最终数组的所有元素都为 $x$，则有：
+假设最小操作次数为 $\textit{k}$，最终数组的所有元素都为 $\textit{x}$，则有：
 
 $$
 \begin{aligned}
-s + (n - 1) \times k &= n \times x \\
-x &= mi + k \\
+\textit{s} + (\textit{n} - 1) \times \textit{k} &= \textit{n} \times \textit{x} \\
+\textit{x} &= \textit{mi} + \textit{k} \\
 \end{aligned}
 $$
 
 将第二个式子代入第一个式子，得到：
 
 $$
 \begin{aligned}
-s + (n - 1) \times k &= n \times (mi + k) \\
-s + (n - 1) \times k &= n \times mi + n \times k \\
-k &= s - n \times mi \\
+\textit{s} + (\textit{n} - 1) \times \textit{k} &= \textit{n} \times (\textit{mi} + \textit{k}) \\
+\textit{s} + (\textit{n} - 1) \times \textit{k} &= \textit{n} \times \textit{mi} + \textit{n} \times \textit{k} \\
+\textit{k} &= \textit{s} - \textit{n} \times \textit{mi} \\
 \end{aligned}
 $$
 
-因此，最小操作次数为 $s - n \times mi$。
+因此，最小操作次数为 $\textit{s} - \textit{n} \times \textit{mi}$。
 
 时间复杂度 $O(n)$，空间复杂度 $O(1)$。其中 $n$ 为数组的长度。
 
@@ -153,30 +153,4 @@ function minMoves(nums: number[]): number {
 
 <!-- solution:end -->
 
-<!-- solution:start -->
-
-### 方法二
-
-<!-- tabs:start -->
-
-#### Java
-
-```java
-class Solution {
-    public int minMoves(int[] nums) {
-        int s = 0;
-        int mi = 1 << 30;
-        for (int x : nums) {
-            s += x;
-            mi = Math.min(mi, x);
-        }
-        return s - mi * nums.length;
-    }
-}
-```
-
-<!-- tabs:end -->
-
-<!-- solution:end -->
-
 <!-- problem:end -->

solution/0400-0499/0453.Minimum Moves to Equal Array Elements/README_EN.md

@@ -54,7 +54,32 @@ tags:
 
 <!-- solution:start -->
 
-### Solution 1
+### Solution 1: Mathematics
+
+Let the minimum value of the array $\textit{nums}$ be $\textit{mi}$, the sum of the array be $\textit{s}$, and the length of the array be $\textit{n}$.
+
+Assume the minimum number of operations is $\textit{k}$, and the final value of all elements in the array is $\textit{x}$. Then we have:
+
+$$
+\begin{aligned}
+\textit{s} + (\textit{n} - 1) \times \textit{k} &= \textit{n} \times \textit{x} \\
+\textit{x} &= \textit{mi} + \textit{k} \\
+\end{aligned}
+$$
+
+Substituting the second equation into the first equation, we get:
+
+$$
+\begin{aligned}
+\textit{s} + (\textit{n} - 1) \times \textit{k} &= \textit{n} \times (\textit{mi} + \textit{k}) \\
+\textit{s} + (\textit{n} - 1) \times \textit{k} &= \textit{n} \times \textit{mi} + \textit{n} \times \textit{k} \\
+\textit{k} &= \textit{s} - \textit{n} \times \textit{mi} \\
+\end{aligned}
+$$
+
+Therefore, the minimum number of operations is $\textit{s} - \textit{n} \times \textit{mi}$.
+
+The time complexity is $O(n)$, and the space complexity is $O(1)$. Here, $n$ is the length of the array.
 
 <!-- tabs:start -->
 
@@ -127,30 +152,4 @@ function minMoves(nums: number[]): number {
 
 <!-- solution:end -->
 
-<!-- solution:start -->
-
-### Solution 2
-
-<!-- tabs:start -->
-
-#### Java
-
-```java
-class Solution {
-    public int minMoves(int[] nums) {
-        int s = 0;
-        int mi = 1 << 30;
-        for (int x : nums) {
-            s += x;
-            mi = Math.min(mi, x);
-        }
-        return s - mi * nums.length;
-    }
-}
-```
-
-<!-- tabs:end -->
-
-<!-- solution:end -->
-
 <!-- problem:end -->

solution/0400-0499/0453.Minimum Moves to Equal Array Elements/Solution2.java

@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@ tags:
 <pre>
 <strong>输入：</strong>word = "CAKE"
 <strong>输出：</strong>3
-<strong>解释：
-</strong>使用两根手指输入 "CAKE" 的最佳方案之一是：
-手指 1 在字母 'C' 上 -&gt; 移动距离 = 0
-手指 1 在字母 'A' 上 -&gt; 移动距离 = 从字母 'C' 到字母 'A' 的距离 = 2
-手指 2 在字母 'K' 上 -&gt; 移动距离 = 0
-手指 2 在字母 'E' 上 -&gt; 移动距离 = 从字母 'K' 到字母 'E' 的距离  = 1
+<strong>解释： 
+</strong>使用两根手指输入 "CAKE" 的最佳方案之一是： 
+手指 1 在字母 'C' 上 -&gt; 移动距离 = 0 
+手指 1 在字母 'A' 上 -&gt; 移动距离 = 从字母 'C' 到字母 'A' 的距离 = 2 
+手指 2 在字母 'K' 上 -&gt; 移动距离 = 0 
+手指 2 在字母 'E' 上 -&gt; 移动距离 = 从字母 'K' 到字母 'E' 的距离  = 1 
 总距离 = 3
 </pre>
 

solution/1300-1399/1320.Minimum Distance to Type a Word Using Two Fingers/README.md

@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ tags:
 <pre>
 <strong>Input:</strong> word = &quot;CAKE&quot;
 <strong>Output:</strong> 3
-<strong>Explanation:</strong> Using two fingers, one optimal way to type &quot;CAKE&quot; is:
-Finger 1 on letter &#39;C&#39; -&gt; cost = 0
-Finger 1 on letter &#39;A&#39; -&gt; cost = Distance from letter &#39;C&#39; to letter &#39;A&#39; = 2
-Finger 2 on letter &#39;K&#39; -&gt; cost = 0
-Finger 2 on letter &#39;E&#39; -&gt; cost = Distance from letter &#39;K&#39; to letter &#39;E&#39; = 1
+<strong>Explanation:</strong> Using two fingers, one optimal way to type &quot;CAKE&quot; is: 
+Finger 1 on letter &#39;C&#39; -&gt; cost = 0 
+Finger 1 on letter &#39;A&#39; -&gt; cost = Distance from letter &#39;C&#39; to letter &#39;A&#39; = 2 
+Finger 2 on letter &#39;K&#39; -&gt; cost = 0 
+Finger 2 on letter &#39;E&#39; -&gt; cost = Distance from letter &#39;K&#39; to letter &#39;E&#39; = 1 
 Total distance = 3
 </pre>
 

solution/1300-1399/1320.Minimum Distance to Type a Word Using Two Fingers/README_EN.md

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ tags:
 
 ### 方法一：求和
 
-根据题目描述，只要个位数之和不等于两位数之和，那么小红一定可以选择一个较大的和来获胜。
+根据题目描述，只要个位数之和不等于两位数之和，那么 Alice 一定可以选择一个较大的和来获胜。
 
 时间复杂度 $O(n)$，其中 $n$ 是数组 $\textit{nums}$ 的长度。空间复杂度 $O(1)$。
 

solution/3200-3299/3232.Find if Digit Game Can Be Won/README.md

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ tags:
 
 ### Solution 1: Summation
 
-According to the problem description, as long as the sum of the units digits is not equal to the sum of the tens digits, Xiaohong can always choose a larger sum to win.
+According to the problem description, as long as the sum of the units digits is not equal to the sum of the tens digits, Alice can always choose a larger sum to win.
 
 The time complexity is $O(n)$, where $n$ is the length of the array $\textit{nums}$. The space complexity is $O(1)$.