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What is RabbitMQ?

RabbitMQ is open source message broker software (sometimes called message-oriented middleware) that implements the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP). The RabbitMQ server is written in the Erlang programming language and is built on the Open Telecom Platform framework for clustering and failover. Client libraries to interface with the broker are available for all major programming languages.

wikipedia.org/wiki/RabbitMQ

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How to use this image

Running the daemon

One of the important things to note about RabbitMQ is that it stores data based on what it calls the "Node Name", which defaults to the hostname. What this means for usage in Docker is that we should specify -h/--hostname explicitly for each daemon so that we don't get a random hostname and can keep track of our data:

$ docker run -d --hostname my-rabbit --name some-rabbit %%IMAGE%%:3

This will start a RabbitMQ container listening on the default port of 5672. If you give that a minute, then do docker logs some-rabbit, you'll see in the output a block similar to:

=INFO REPORT==== 6-Jul-2015::20:47:02 ===
node           : rabbit@my-rabbit
home dir       : /var/lib/rabbitmq
config file(s) : /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config
cookie hash    : UoNOcDhfxW9uoZ92wh6BjA==
log            : tty
sasl log       : tty
database dir   : /var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@my-rabbit

Note the database dir there, especially that it has my "Node Name" appended to the end for the file storage. This image makes all of /var/lib/rabbitmq a volume by default.

Environment Variables

For a list of environment variables supported by RabbitMQ itself, see the Environment Variables section of rabbitmq.com/configure

WARNING: As of RabbitMQ 3.9, all of the docker-specific variables listed below are deprecated and no longer used. Please use a configuration file instead; visit rabbitmq.com/configure to learn more about the configuration file. For a starting point, the 3.8 images will print out the config file it generated from supplied environment variables.

# Unavailable in 3.9 and up
RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS_FILE
RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER_FILE
RABBITMQ_MANAGEMENT_SSL_CACERTFILE
RABBITMQ_MANAGEMENT_SSL_CERTFILE
RABBITMQ_MANAGEMENT_SSL_DEPTH
RABBITMQ_MANAGEMENT_SSL_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT
RABBITMQ_MANAGEMENT_SSL_KEYFILE
RABBITMQ_MANAGEMENT_SSL_VERIFY
RABBITMQ_SSL_CACERTFILE
RABBITMQ_SSL_CERTFILE
RABBITMQ_SSL_DEPTH
RABBITMQ_SSL_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT
RABBITMQ_SSL_KEYFILE
RABBITMQ_SSL_VERIFY
RABBITMQ_VM_MEMORY_HIGH_WATERMARK

Setting default user and password

If you wish to change the default username and password of guest / guest, you can do so with the RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER and RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS environmental variables. These variables were available previously in the docker-specific entrypoint shell script but are now available in RabbitMQ directly.

$ docker run -d --hostname my-rabbit --name some-rabbit -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=user -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=password %%IMAGE%%:3-management

You can then go to http://localhost:8080 or http://host-ip:8080 in a browser and use user/password to gain access to the management console

Setting default vhost

If you wish to change the default vhost, you can do so with the RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST environmental variables:

$ docker run -d --hostname my-rabbit --name some-rabbit -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST=my_vhost %%IMAGE%%:3-management

Memory Limits

RabbitMQ contains functionality which explicitly tracks and manages memory usage, and thus needs to be made aware of cgroup-imposed limits (e.g. docker run --memory=..).

The upstream configuration setting for this is vm_memory_high_watermark in rabbitmq.conf, and it is described under "Memory Alarms" in the documentation. If you set a relative limit via vm_memory_high_watermark.relative, then RabbitMQ will calculate its limits based on the host's total memory and not the limit set by the contianer runtime.

Erlang Cookie

See the RabbitMQ "Clustering Guide" for more information about cookies and why they're necessary. For setting a consistent cookie (especially useful for clustering but also for remote/cross-container administration via rabbitmqctl), provide a cookie file (default location of /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie).

For example, you can provide the cookie via a file (such as with Docker Secrets):

docker service create ... --secret source=my-erlang-cookie,target=/var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie ... %%IMAGE%%

(Note that it will likely also be necessary to specify uid=XXX,gid=XXX,mode=0600 in order for Erlang in the container to be able to read the cookie file properly. See Docker's --secret documentation for more details.)

Management Plugin

There is a second set of tags provided with the management plugin installed and enabled by default, which is available on the standard management port of 15672, with the default username and password of guest / guest:

$ docker run -d --hostname my-rabbit --name some-rabbit %%IMAGE%%:3-management

You can access it by visiting http://container-ip:15672 in a browser or, if you need access outside the host, on port 8080:

$ docker run -d --hostname my-rabbit --name some-rabbit -p 8080:15672 %%IMAGE%%:3-management

You can then go to http://localhost:8080 or http://host-ip:8080 in a browser.

Enabling Plugins

Creating a Dockerfile will have them enabled at runtime. To see the full list of plugins present on the image rabbitmq-plugins list

FROM rabbitmq:3.8-management
RUN rabbitmq-plugins enable --offline rabbitmq_mqtt rabbitmq_federation_management rabbitmq_stomp

You can also mount a file at /etc/rabbitmq/enabled_plugins with contents as an erlang list of atoms ending with a period.

Example enabled_plugins

[rabbitmq_federation_management,rabbitmq_management,rabbitmq_mqtt,rabbitmq_stomp].

Additional Configuration

If configuration is required, it is recommended to supply an appropriate /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf file (see the "Configuration File(s)" section of the RabbitMQ documentation for more details), for example via bind-mount, Docker Configs, or a short Dockerfile with a COPY instruction.

Alternatively, it is possible to use the RABBITMQ_SERVER_ADDITIONAL_ERL_ARGS environment variable, whose syntax is described in section 7.8 ("Configuring an Application") of the Erlang OTP Design Principles User's Guide (the appropriate value for -ApplName is -rabbit), this method requires a slightly different reproduction of its equivalent entry in rabbitmq.conf. For example, configuring channel_max would look something like -e RABBITMQ_SERVER_ADDITIONAL_ERL_ARGS="-rabbit channel_max 4007". Where the space between the variable channel_max and its value 4007 correctly becomes a comma when translated in the environment.

Health/Liveness/Readiness Checking

See the "Official Images" FAQ and the discussion on docker-library/rabbitmq#174 (especially the large comment by Michael Klishin from RabbitMQ upstream) for a detailed explanation of why this image does not come with a default HEALTHCHECK defined, and for suggestions for implementing your own health/liveness/readiness checks.