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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: readme-zh-TW.md
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## ⚪ ️5.3 Perform e2e testing over a true production-mirror
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## ⚪ ️5.3 在真正 production 的鏡像環境中執行 e2e 測試
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:white_check_mark:**Do:** End to end (e2e) testing are the main challenge of every CI pipeline — creating an identical ephemeral production mirror on the fly with all the related cloud services can be tedious and expensive. Finding the best compromise is your game: [Docker-compose](https://serverless.com/)allows crafting isolated dockerized environment with identical containers using a single plain text file but the backing technology (e.g. networking, deployment model) is different from real-world productions. You may combine it with [‘AWS Local’](https://github.com/localstack/localstack)to work with a stub of the real AWS services. If you went [serverless](https://serverless.com/)multiple frameworks like serverless and [AWS SAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/serverless_app.html)allows the local invocation of FaaS code.
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:white_check_mark:**建議:** End to end (e2e) 測試是每個 CI pipeline 會面臨的大挑戰 - 即時創建一個與真正 production 環境相同的鏡像環境並擁有所有相關的服務,是很費時費力的。你需要找到適合的折衷點:[Docker-compose](https://serverless.com/)藉由一個純文字檔將 docker 化的環境放在獨立的 container 中,但他背後使用的技術 (例如網路與佈署模型) 仍然與真實世界有所差異。可以將其與 [AWS Local](https://github.com/localstack/localstack)整合,在真正的 AWS服務中做使用。如果你使用 [serverless](https://serverless.com/)框架,[AWS SAM](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/serverless_app.html)可以讓你在本地端調用 FaaS 程式碼。
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The huge Kubernetes ecosystem is yet to formalize a standard convenient tool for local and CI-mirroring though many new tools are launched frequently. One approach is running a ‘minimized-Kubernetes’ using tools like [Minikube](https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/)and[MicroK8s](https://microk8s.io/)which resemble the real thing only come with less overhead. Another approach is testing over a remote ‘real-Kubernetes’, some CI providers (e.g.[Codefresh](https://codefresh.io/)) has native integration with Kubernetes environment and make it easy to run the CI pipeline over the real thing, others allow custom scripting against a remote Kubernetes.
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龐大的 Kubernetes 生態系還沒有一個標準、方便的本地端、CI鏡像的工具,儘管現在已有許多工具的出現。有一種方法是使用像是 [Minikube](https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/minikube/)和[MicroK8s](https://microk8s.io/)這樣的工具來運行一個 "最小化的 Kubernetes",這些工具更貼近現實,且成本花費很小。另一種方法是在遠端的 "真實 Kubernetes" 環境上運行測試,一些 CI 的服務供應商 (如[Codefresh](https://codefresh.io/)) 與 Kubernetes 環境擁有原生的整合,讓在 CI pipeline 上執行真實的環境變得更為容易。有的供應商則可以讓你針對遠端的 Kubernetes 自訂腳本。
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❌ **Otherwise:**Using different technologies for production and testing demands maintaining two deployment models and keeps the developers and the ops team separated
### :clap: Example: a CI pipeline that generates Kubernetes cluster on the fly <ahref="https://container-solutions.com/dynamic-environments-kubernetes/"data-href="https://container-solutions.com/dynamic-environments-kubernetes/"class="markup--anchor markup--p-anchor"rel="noopener nofollow"target="_blank">([Credit: Dynamic-environments Kubernetes](https://container-solutions.com/dynamic-environments-kubernetes/))</a>
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