spi_flash.h

// Copyright 2010-2016 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) PTE LTD
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#ifndef _ROM_SPI_FLASH_H_
#define _ROM_SPI_FLASH_H_

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

#include "esp_attr.h"

#include "soc/spi_reg.h"

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/** \defgroup spi_flash_apis, spi flash operation related apis
  * @brief spi_flash apis
  */

/** @addtogroup spi_flash_apis
  * @{
  */

/*************************************************************
 *                            Note
 *************************************************************
 * 1. ESP32 chip have 4 SPI slave/master, however, SPI0 is
 *    used as an SPI master to access Flash and ext-SRAM by
 *    Cache module. It will support Decryto read for Flash,
 *    read/write for ext-SRAM. And SPI1 is also used as an
 *    SPI master for Flash read/write and ext-SRAM read/write.
 *    It will support Encrypto write for Flash.
 * 2. As an SPI master, SPI support Highest clock to 80M,
 *    however, Flash with 80M Clock should be configured
 *    for different Flash chips. If you want to use 80M
 *    clock We should use the SPI that is certified by
 *    Espressif. However, the certification is not started
 *    at the time, so please use 40M clock at the moment.
 * 3. SPI Flash can use 2 lines or 4 lines mode. If you
 *    use 2 lines mode, you can save two pad SPIHD and
 *    SPIWP for gpio. ESP32 support configured SPI pad for
 *    Flash, the configuration is stored in efuse and flash.
 *    However, the configurations of pads should be certified
 *    by Espressif. If you use this function, please use 40M
 *    clock at the moment.
 * 4. ESP32 support to use Common SPI command to configure
 *    Flash to QIO mode, if you failed to configure with fix
 *    command. With Common SPI Command, ESP32 can also provide
 *    a way to use same Common SPI command groups on different
 *    Flash chips.
 * 5. This functions are not protected by packeting, Please use the
 *************************************************************
 */

#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_CMD                 SPI_CMD_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_ADDR                SPI_ADDR_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_CTRL                SPI_CTRL_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_CTRL1               SPI_CTRL1_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_STATUS              SPI_RD_STATUS_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_USRREG              SPI_USER_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_USRREG1             SPI_USER1_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_USRREG2             SPI_USER2_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_C0                  SPI_W0_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_C1                  SPI_W1_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_C2                  SPI_W2_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_C3                  SPI_W3_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_C4                  SPI_W4_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_C5                  SPI_W5_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_C6                  SPI_W6_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_C7                  SPI_W7_REG(1)
#define PERIPHS_SPI_FLASH_TX_CRC              SPI_TX_CRC_REG(1)

#define SPI0_R_QIO_DUMMY_CYCLELEN             3
#define SPI0_R_QIO_ADDR_BITSLEN               31
#define SPI0_R_FAST_DUMMY_CYCLELEN            7
#define SPI0_R_DIO_DUMMY_CYCLELEN             1
#define SPI0_R_DIO_ADDR_BITSLEN               27
#define SPI0_R_FAST_ADDR_BITSLEN              23
#define SPI0_R_SIO_ADDR_BITSLEN               23

#define SPI1_R_QIO_DUMMY_CYCLELEN             3
#define SPI1_R_QIO_ADDR_BITSLEN               31
#define SPI1_R_FAST_DUMMY_CYCLELEN            7
#define SPI1_R_DIO_DUMMY_CYCLELEN             3
#define SPI1_R_DIO_ADDR_BITSLEN               31
#define SPI1_R_FAST_ADDR_BITSLEN              23
#define SPI1_R_SIO_ADDR_BITSLEN               23

#define ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_W_SIO_ADDR_BITSLEN   23

#define ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_TWO_BYTE_STATUS_EN   SPI_WRSR_2B

//SPI address register
#define ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_BYTES_LEN            24
#define ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_BUFF_BYTE_WRITE_NUM  32
#define ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_BUFF_BYTE_READ_NUM   64
#define ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_BUFF_BYTE_READ_BITS  0x3f

//SPI status register
#define  ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_BUSY_FLAG           BIT0
#define  ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_WRENABLE_FLAG       BIT1
#define  ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_BP0                 BIT2
#define  ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_BP1                 BIT3
#define  ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_BP2                 BIT4
#define  ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_WR_PROTECT          (ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_BP0|ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_BP1|ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_BP2)
#define  ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_QE                  BIT9

#define FLASH_ID_GD25LQ32C  0xC86016

typedef enum {
    ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_QIO_MODE = 0,
    ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_QOUT_MODE,
    ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_DIO_MODE,
    ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_DOUT_MODE,
    ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_FASTRD_MODE,
    ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_SLOWRD_MODE
} esp_rom_spiflash_read_mode_t;

typedef enum {
    ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK,
    ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR,
    ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT
} esp_rom_spiflash_result_t;

typedef struct {
    uint32_t device_id;
    uint32_t chip_size;    // chip size in bytes
    uint32_t block_size;
    uint32_t sector_size;
    uint32_t page_size;
    uint32_t status_mask;
} esp_rom_spiflash_chip_t;

typedef struct {
    uint8_t  data_length;
    uint8_t  read_cmd0;
    uint8_t  read_cmd1;
    uint8_t  write_cmd;
    uint16_t data_mask;
    uint16_t data;
} esp_rom_spiflash_common_cmd_t;

/**
  * @brief Fix the bug in SPI hardware communication with Flash/Ext-SRAM in High Speed.
  *    Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  uint8_t spi: 0 for SPI0(Cache Access), 1 for SPI1(Flash read/write).
  *
  * @param  uint8_t freqdiv: Pll is 80M, 4 for 20M, 3 for 26.7M, 2 for 40M, 1 for 80M.
  *
  * @return None
  */
void esp_rom_spiflash_fix_dummylen(uint8_t spi, uint8_t freqdiv);

/**
  * @brief Select SPI Flash to QIO mode when WP pad is read from Flash.
  *    Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  uint8_t wp_gpio_num: WP gpio number.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t ishspi: 0 for spi, 1 for hspi, flash pad decided by strapping
  *              else, bit[5:0] spiclk, bit[11:6] spiq, bit[17:12] spid, bit[23:18] spics0, bit[29:24] spihd
  *
  * @return None
  */
void esp_rom_spiflash_select_qiomode(uint8_t wp_gpio_num, uint32_t ishspi);

/**
  * @brief Set SPI Flash pad drivers.
  *    Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  uint8_t wp_gpio_num: WP gpio number.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t ishspi: 0 for spi, 1 for hspi, flash pad decided by strapping
  *              else, bit[5:0] spiclk, bit[11:6] spiq, bit[17:12] spid, bit[23:18] spics0, bit[29:24] spihd
  *
  * @param  uint8_t *drvs: drvs[0]-bit[3:0] for cpiclk, bit[7:4] for spiq, drvs[1]-bit[3:0] for spid, drvs[1]-bit[7:4] for spid
  *            drvs[2]-bit[3:0] for spihd, drvs[2]-bit[7:4] for spiwp.
  *                        Values usually read from falsh by rom code, function usually callde by rom code.
  *                        if value with bit(3) set, the value is valid, bit[2:0] is the real value.
  *
  * @return None
  */
void esp_rom_spiflash_set_drvs(uint8_t wp_gpio_num, uint32_t ishspi, uint8_t *drvs);

/**
  * @brief Select SPI Flash function for pads.
  *    Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t ishspi: 0 for spi, 1 for hspi, flash pad decided by strapping
  *              else, bit[5:0] spiclk, bit[11:6] spiq, bit[17:12] spid, bit[23:18] spics0, bit[29:24] spihd
  *
  * @return None
  */
void esp_rom_spiflash_select_padsfunc(uint32_t ishspi);

/**
  * @brief SPI Flash init, clock divisor is 4, use 1 line Slow read mode.
  *    Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t ishspi: 0 for spi, 1 for hspi, flash pad decided by strapping
  *              else, bit[5:0] spiclk, bit[11:6] spiq, bit[17:12] spid, bit[23:18] spics0, bit[29:24] spihd
  *
  * @param  uint8_t legacy: In legacy mode, more SPI command is used in line.
  *
  * @return None
  */
void esp_rom_spiflash_attach(uint32_t ishspi, bool legacy);

/**
  * @brief SPI Read Flash status register. We use CMD 0x05 (RDSR).
  *    Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  esp_rom_spiflash_chip_t *spi : The information for Flash, which is exported from ld file.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t *status : The pointer to which to return the Flash status value.
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : read OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : read error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : read timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_read_status(esp_rom_spiflash_chip_t *spi, uint32_t *status);

/**
  * @brief SPI Read Flash status register bits 8-15. We use CMD 0x35 (RDSR2).
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  esp_rom_spiflash_chip_t *spi : The information for Flash, which is exported from ld file.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t *status : The pointer to which to return the Flash status value.
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : read OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : read error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : read timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_read_statushigh(esp_rom_spiflash_chip_t *spi, uint32_t *status);

/**
  * @brief Write status to Falsh status register.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  esp_rom_spiflash_chip_t *spi : The information for Flash, which is exported from ld file.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t status_value : Value to .
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : write OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : write error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : write timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_write_status(esp_rom_spiflash_chip_t *spi, uint32_t status_value);

/**
  * @brief Use a command to Read Flash status register.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  esp_rom_spiflash_chip_t *spi : The information for Flash, which is exported from ld file.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t*status : The pointer to which to return the Flash status value.
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : read OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : read error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : read timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_read_user_cmd(uint32_t *status, uint8_t cmd);

/**
  * @brief Config SPI Flash read mode when init.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  esp_rom_spiflash_read_mode_t mode : QIO/QOUT/DIO/DOUT/FastRD/SlowRD.
  *
  * This function does not try to set the QIO Enable bit in the status register, caller is responsible for this.
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : config OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : config error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : config timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_config_readmode(esp_rom_spiflash_read_mode_t mode);

/**
  * @brief Config SPI Flash clock divisor.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  uint8_t freqdiv: clock divisor.
  *
  * @param  uint8_t spi: 0 for SPI0, 1 for SPI1.
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : config OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : config error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : config timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_config_clk(uint8_t freqdiv, uint8_t spi);

/**
  * @brief Send CommonCmd to Flash so that is can go into QIO mode, some Flash use different CMD.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  esp_rom_spiflash_common_cmd_t *cmd : A struct to show the action of a command.
  *
  * @return uint16_t  0 : do not send command any more.
  *                   1 : go to the next command.
  *                   n > 1 : skip (n - 1) commands.
  */
uint16_t esp_rom_spiflash_common_cmd(esp_rom_spiflash_common_cmd_t *cmd);

/**
  * @brief Unlock SPI write protect.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  None.
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : Unlock OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : Unlock error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : Unlock timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_unlock(void);

/**
  * @brief SPI write protect.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  None.
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : Lock OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : Lock error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : Lock timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_lock(void);

/**
  * @brief Update SPI Flash parameter.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t deviceId : Device ID read from SPI, the low 32 bit.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t chip_size : The Flash size.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t block_size : The Flash block size.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t sector_size : The Flash sector size.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t page_size : The Flash page size.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t status_mask : The Mask used when read status from Flash(use single CMD).
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : Update OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : Update error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : Update timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_config_param(uint32_t deviceId, uint32_t chip_size, uint32_t block_size, 
                                                        uint32_t sector_size, uint32_t page_size, uint32_t status_mask);

/**
  * @brief Erase whole flash chip.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  None
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : Erase OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : Erase error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : Erase timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_erase_chip(void);

/**
  * @brief Erase a 64KB block of flash
  *        Uses SPI flash command D8H.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t block_num : Which block to erase.
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : Erase OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : Erase error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : Erase timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_erase_block(uint32_t block_num);

/**
  * @brief Erase a sector of flash.
  *        Uses SPI flash command 20H.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t sector_num : Which sector to erase.
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : Erase OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : Erase error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : Erase timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_erase_sector(uint32_t sector_num);

/**
  * @brief Erase some sectors.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t start_addr : Start addr to erase, should be sector aligned.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t area_len : Length to erase, should be sector aligned.
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : Erase OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : Erase error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : Erase timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_erase_area(uint32_t start_addr, uint32_t area_len);

/**
  * @brief Write Data to Flash, you should Erase it yourself if need.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t dest_addr : Address to write, should be 4 bytes aligned.
  *
  * @param  const uint32_t *src : The pointer to data which is to write.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t len : Length to write, should be 4 bytes aligned.
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : Write OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : Write error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : Write timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_write(uint32_t dest_addr, const uint32_t *src, int32_t len);

/**
  * @brief Read Data from Flash, you should Erase it yourself if need.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t src_addr : Address to read, should be 4 bytes aligned.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t *dest : The buf to read the data.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t len : Length to read, should be 4 bytes aligned.
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : Read OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : Read error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : Read timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_read(uint32_t src_addr, uint32_t *dest, int32_t len);

/**
  * @brief SPI1 go into encrypto mode.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  None
  *
  * @return None
  */
void esp_rom_spiflash_write_encrypted_enable(void);

/**
  * @brief Prepare 32 Bytes data to encrpto writing, you should Erase it yourself if need.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t flash_addr : Address to write, should be 32 bytes aligned.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t *data : The pointer to data which is to write.
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : Prepare OK.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : Prepare error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : Prepare timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_prepare_encrypted_data(uint32_t flash_addr, uint32_t *data);

/**
  * @brief SPI1 go out of encrypto mode.
  *        Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  None
  *
  * @return None
  */
void esp_rom_spiflash_write_encrypted_disable(void);

/**
  * @brief Write data to flash with transparent encryption.
  * @note Sectors to be written should already be erased.
  *
  * @note Please do not call this function in SDK.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t flash_addr : Address to write, should be 32 byte aligned.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t *data : The pointer to data to write. Note, this pointer must
  *                          be 32 bit aligned and the content of the data will be
  *                          modified by the encryption function.
  *
  * @param  uint32_t len : Length to write, should be 32 bytes aligned.
  *
  * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : Data written successfully.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : Encryption write error.
  *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_TIMEOUT : Encrypto write timeout.
  */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_write_encrypted(uint32_t flash_addr, uint32_t *data, uint32_t len);


/** @brief Wait until SPI flash write operation is complete
 *
 * @note Please do not call this function in SDK.
 *
 * Reads the Write In Progress bit of the SPI flash status register,
 * repeats until this bit is zero (indicating write complete).
 *
 * @return ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_OK : Write is complete
 *         ESP_ROM_SPIFLASH_RESULT_ERR : Error while reading status.
 */
esp_rom_spiflash_result_t esp_rom_spiflash_wait_idle(esp_rom_spiflash_chip_t *spi);


/** @brief Enable Quad I/O pin functions
 *
 * @note Please do not call this function in SDK.
 *
 * Sets the HD & WP pin functions for Quad I/O modes, based on the
 * efuse SPI pin configuration.
 *
 * @param wp_gpio_num - Number of the WP pin to reconfigure for quad I/O.
 *
 * @param spiconfig - Pin configuration, as returned from ets_efuse_get_spiconfig().
 * - If this parameter is 0, default SPI pins are used and wp_gpio_num parameter is ignored.
 * - If this parameter is 1, default HSPI pins are used and wp_gpio_num parameter is ignored.
 * - For other values, this parameter encodes the HD pin number and also the CLK pin number. CLK pin selection is used
 *   to determine if HSPI or SPI peripheral will be used (use HSPI if CLK pin is the HSPI clock pin, otherwise use SPI).
 *   Both HD & WP pins are configured via GPIO matrix to map to the selected peripheral.
 */
void esp_rom_spiflash_select_qio_pins(uint8_t wp_gpio_num, uint32_t spiconfig);

/** @brief Global esp_rom_spiflash_chip_t structure used by ROM functions
 *
 */
extern esp_rom_spiflash_chip_t g_rom_flashchip;

/**
  * @}
  */

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#endif /* _ROM_SPI_FLASH_H_ */