Added all materail for Section07.

Author: anthonyclyan

Section07-Arrays_and_Vectors/README.md

@@ -172,3 +172,86 @@ vector <double> high_temperature (365, 80.0);   // 365 initializes size of vecto
 
 ## Accessing and Modigying Vector Elements
 
+### Array syntax
+
+- Same as arrays
+- No bounds checking will be done
+
+`vector_name [element_index]`
+
+```c++
+vector <int> test_scores {100, 95, 99, 87, 88};
+
+cout << "First score at index 0: " << test_scores[0] << endl;
+cout << "Second score at index 1: " << test_scores[1] << endl;
+cout << "Third score at index 2: " << test_scores[2] << endl;
+cout << "Fourth score at index 3: " << test_scores[3] << endl;
+cout << "Fifth score at index 4: " << test_scores[4] << endl;
+```
+
+### Vector syntax
+
+- Created a vector, which is an **object**
+- Followed by the **dot** (`.`) operator
+- Followed by the **method name**, name of the operation we want performed 
+
+`vector_name.at(element_index)`
+
+```c++
+vector <int> test_scores {100, 95, 99, 87, 88};
+
+cout << "First score at index 0: " << test_scores.at(0) << endl;
+cout << "Second score at index 1: " << test_scores.at(1) << endl;
+cout << "Third score at index 2: " << test_scores.at(2) << endl;
+cout << "Fourth score at index 3: " << test_scores.at(3) << endl;
+cout << "Fifth score at index 4: " << test_scores.at(4) << endl;
+```
+
+### Changing the contents of vector elements - vector syntax
+
+- Similar to arrays
+
+    `vector_name.at(element_inded)`
+    
+    ```c++
+    vector <int> test_scores {100, 95, 99, 87, 88};
+    
+    cin >> test_scores.at(0);
+    cin >> test_scores.at(1);
+    cin >> test_scores.at(2);
+    cin >> test_scores.at(3);
+    cin >> test_scores.at(4);
+    
+    // assignment statment
+    test_scores.at(0) = 90;
+    ```
+
+- but can change size dynamically 
+
+    `vector_name.push_back(element)`
+
+    ```c++
+    vector <int> test_scores {100, 95, 99}; // size is 3
+
+    test_scores.push_back(80);  // size of 4: 100, 95, 99, 80
+    test_scores.push_back(90);  // size of 5: 100, 95, 99, 80, 90
+    // vector will automatically allocate the required space!!!
+    ```
+
+- What if you are out of bounds?
+    - Arrays never do bounds checking
+    - Many vector methods provide bound checking
+    - An exception and error message is generated
+    
+    ```c++
+    vector <int> test_scores {100, 95};
+
+    cin >> test_scores.at(5);
+    ```
+    output error...
+
+    ```shell
+    terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::out_of_range' what(): vector::_M_range_check: __n (which is 5) >= this->size() (which is 2)
+    This application has requested the Runtime to terminate it in an unusual way.
+    Please contact the applications support team for more infromation
+    ```

Section07-Arrays_and_Vectors/section07_coding_exercise/README.md

@@ -24,4 +24,28 @@ vector<int> use_array() {
 }
 ```
 
-# Coding Exercise 5: Declaring, Initializing and Accessing Vectors
+# Coding Exercise 5: Declaring, Initializing and Accessing Vectors
+
+- Decalre a vector of integers named `vec` and initialize the vector to `10, 20, 30, 40, and 50`
+- Modify the first element of the vector to be `100` and modigy the last element of the vector to be `1000`.
+- The final vector should then be `100, 20, 30, 40, and 1000`.
+
+## Solution
+
+```c++
+#include <vector>
+using namespace std;
+
+vector<int> use_vector() {
+    //----WRITE YOUR CODE BELOW THIS LINE----
+    
+    vector <int> vec {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
+
+    vec.at(0) = 100;
+    vec.at(4) = 1000;
+
+    //----WRITE YOUR CODE ABOVE THIS LINE----
+    //----NO NOT MODIFY THE CODE BELOW THIS LINE----
+    return vec;
+}
+```

Section07-Arrays_and_Vectors/section07_quiz/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+1. Arrays are always indexed starting at subscript _____ .
+    - [x] 0
+    - [ ] 1
+    - [ ] "start"
+    - [ ] "begin"
+
+2. How many integers can the array named numbers contain? `int numbers[10]`
+    - [ ] 11 (got it wrong the first time... thought it was 11)
+    - [ ] 9
+    - [x] 10
+    - [ ] 0
+
+3. Which of the following is a legal array definiton in C++?
+    - [ ] `int numbers[0];`
+    - [ ] `double 5numbers[5];`
+    - [ ] `real numbers[5];`
+    - [x] `float numbers[10];`
+
+4. C++ treats an array name as:
+    - [ ] all of the array elements
+    - [ ] a variable
+    - [x] the location in memory of first array element
+    - [ ] the first array element
+
+5. All array elements must be:
+    - [ ] enclosed in square brackets `[]`
+    - [ ] constants
+    - [ ] literals
+    - [x] of the same type
+
+6. Given the following array declaration, how would you display `100.7` from the array? `double temperatures[] = {98.6, 95.2, 88.7, 100.7, 89.0};`
+    - [ ] `cout << temperatures[4] << endl;`
+    - [ ] `cout << 100.7 << endl;`
+    - [ ] `cout << temps[3] << endl;`
+    - [x] `cout << temperatures[3] << endl;`
+
+7. Given the following array declaration, what would the following code display?
+
+```c++
+double temperatures[] = {98.6, 95.2, 88.7, 100.7, 89.0};
+cout << temperatures[5] << endl;
+```
+    - [x] garbage data
+    - [ ] 89.0
+    - [ ] it won't compile
+    - [ ] it will generate an "out of range error"
+
+    *I got this one wrong!! I thought it was either "it won't compile" or "it will generate an 'out of range error'"...*
+
+8. How would you define a vector named temperatures that contains doubles?
+    - [x] vector <double> temperatures;
+    - [ ] vector double temperatures;
+    - [ ] vector [double] temperatures;
+    - [ ] double vector temperatures
+
+9. How would you determine the number of elements contained in a vector named temperatures?
+    - [ ] length(temperatures);
+    - [ ] tmeperatures.length();
+    - [x] temperatures.size();
+    - [ ] temperatures.num_elements();
+
+10. What is one way that vectors and arrays are different?
+    - [ ] vectors always more efficient than arrays
+    - [ ] arrays can only store primitive types
+    - [x] vectors can vary their capacity as the program runs, but arrays are fixed in size
+    - [ ] vectors elements cannot be accessed using their subscript

Section07-Arrays_and_Vectors/section07_source_code/Challenge/main

@@ -30,10 +30,66 @@
 */
 
 #include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+
+using namespace std;
 
 int main() {
 
-    // your solution goes here
+    // Declare 2 empty vectors of integers named vector1 and vector 2, respectively.
+    vector <int> vector1(0);
+    vector <int> vector2(0);
+
+    // Add 10 and 20 to vector1 dynamically using push_back
+    vector1.push_back(10);
+    vector1.push_back(20);
+    
+    // Display the elements in vector1 using the at() method as well as its size using the size() method
+    cout << "Display the elements in vector1" << endl;
+    cout << "Index 0: " << vector1.at(0) << endl;
+    cout << "Index 1: " << vector1.at(1) << endl;
+    cout << "Size: " << vector1.size() << endl << endl;
+
+
+    // Add 100 and 200 to vector2 dynamically using push_back
+    vector2.push_back(100);
+    vector2.push_back(200);
+
+    // Display the elements in vector2 using the at() method as well as its size using the size() method
+    cout << "Display the elements in vector2" << endl;
+    cout << "Index 0: " << vector2.at(0) << endl;
+    cout << "Index 1: " << vector2.at(1) << endl;
+    cout << "Size: " << vector2.size() << endl << endl;
+
+    // Declare an empty 2D vector called vector_2d
+    vector <vector <int>> vector_2d{};
+
+    // Add vector1 to vector_2d dynamically using push_back
+    // Add vector2 to vector_2d dynamically using push_back
+    vector_2d.push_back(vector1);
+    vector_2d.push_back(vector2);
+
+    // Display the elements in vector_2d using the at() method
+    cout << "Display the elements in vector_2d" << endl;
+    cout << "First row: " << vector_2d.at(0).at(0) << ", " << vector_2d.at(0).at(1) << endl;
+    cout << "Second row: " << vector_2d.at(1).at(0) << ", " << vector_2d.at(1).at(1) << endl << endl;
+
+
+    // Change vector1.at(0) to 1000
+    vector1.at(0) = 1000;
+    cout << "Changed vector1 first element from 10 to 1000" << endl << endl;
+
+    // Display the elements in vector_2d again using the at() method
+    cout << "Display the elements in vector_2d" << endl;
+    cout << "First row: " << vector_2d.at(0).at(0) << ", " << vector_2d.at(0).at(1) << endl;
+    cout << "Second row: " << vector_2d.at(1).at(0) << ", " << vector_2d.at(1).at(1) << endl << endl;
+    cout << "vector1 value did not change inside vector_2d because new values were never passed in..." << endl << endl;
+    
+    // Display the elements in vector1 
+    cout << "Check vector1 new elements" << endl;
+    cout << "Index 0: " << vector1.at(0) << endl;
+    cout << "Index 1: " << vector1.at(1) << endl;
+    cout << "Size: " << vector2.size() << endl << endl;
 
     cout << endl;
     return 0;

Section07-Arrays_and_Vectors/section07_source_code/Challenge/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+	<dict>
+		<key>CFBundleDevelopmentRegion</key>
+		<string>English</string>
+		<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+		<string>com.apple.xcode.dsym.main</string>
+		<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+		<string>6.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+		<string>dSYM</string>
+		<key>CFBundleSignature</key>
+		<string>????</string>
+		<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+		<string>1.0</string>
+		<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+		<string>1</string>
+	</dict>
+</plist>

Section07-Arrays_and_Vectors/section07_source_code/Challenge/main.dSYM/Contents/Info.plist

@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ int main() {
 //    vector <char> vowels (5);      // 5 initialized to zero 
     vector <char> vowels {'a' , 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'};
 
-    cout << vowels[0] << endl;
-    cout << vowels[4] << endl;
+    cout << vowels[0] << endl;  // vowels is a vector but using array syntax so no bound checking is performed
+    cout << vowels[4] << endl;  // vowels is a vector but using array syntax so no bound checking is performed
 
-//    vector <int> test_scores (3);  // 3 elements all initialized to zero
+//   vector <int> test_scores (3);  // 3 elements all initialized to zero
 //   vector <int> test_scores (3, 100); // 3 elements all initialized to 100
 
-      vector <int> test_scores {100, 98, 89};
+    vector <int> test_scores {100, 98, 89};
 
     cout << "\nTest scores using array syntax:" << endl;
     cout << test_scores[0] << endl;
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ int main() {
     cout << test_scores.at(0) << endl;
     cout << test_scores.at(1) << endl;
     cout << test_scores.at(2) << endl;
-    cout << "\nThere are " << test_scores.size() << " scores in the vector" << endl;
+    cout << "\nThere are " << test_scores.size() << " scores in the vector" << endl;  // size method
 
     cout << "\nEnter 3 test scores: ";
     cin  >> test_scores.at(0);