Added materail for Section07 thus far.

Author: anthonyclyan

Section07-Arrays_and_Vectors/README.md

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+# Arrays and Vectors
+
+## What is an Array?
+
+- Compound data type or data structure
+    - Collection of elements
+- All elements are of the same type
+- Each element can be accessed directly
+
+### Characterisitcs
+
+- Fixed size
+- Elements are all the same type
+- Stored contiguously in memeory
+- Individual elements can be accessed by their position or index
+    - First element is at `index 0`
+    - Last element is at `index size-1`
+- No checking to see if you are out of bounds
+- Always initialize arrays
+- Very efficient
+- Iteration (looping) is often used to process
+
+## Declaring and Initalizing Arrays
+
+`Element_Type array_name [constant number of elements] {init list};`
+
+```c++
+int test_scores [5] {100, 95, 99, 87, 88};    // 5 integers
+
+int high_score_per_level [10] {3, 5};   // init to 3, 5 and remaining to 0
+
+const int days_in_year {365};
+double hight_temperatures [days_in_year] {0};   // init all to zero
+
+int another_array [] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};   // size automatically calculated
+```
+
+## Accessing and Modifying Array Elements
+
+### Accessing array elements
+
+`array_name [element_index]`
+
+```c++
+int test_scores [5] {100, 95, 99, 87, 88};
+
+cout << "First score at index 0:" << test_scores[0] << endl;
+cout << "Second score at index 1:" << test_scores[1] << endl;
+cout << "Third score at index 2:" << test_scores[2] << endl;
+cout << "Fourth score at index 3:" << test_scores[3] << endl;
+cout << "Fifth score at index 4:" << test_scores[4] << endl;
+
+// output
+First score at index 0: 100
+Second score at index 1: 95
+Third score at index 2: 99
+Fourth score at index 3: 87
+Fifth score at index 4: 88
+```
+
+### Changing the contents of array elements
+
+`array_name [element_index]`
+
+```c++
+int test_scores [5] {100, 95, 99, 87, 88};
+
+cin >> test_scores [0];
+cin >> test_scores [1];
+cin >> test_scores [2];
+cin >> test_scores [3];
+cin >> test_scores [4];
+
+// assignment statment
+test_scores[0] = 90;
+```
+
+### How does Arrays work?
+
+- The name of the array represent the location of the first element in the array (`index 0`)
+- The `[index]` represents the offset from the beginning of the array 
+- C++ simply performs a calculation to find the correct element
+- Remember - no bounds checking!
+
+
+## Multidimensional Arrays
+
+### Declaring multi-dimensional arrays
+
+`Element_Type array_name [dim1_size][dim2_size]`
+
+```c++
+int movie_rating [3][4];    // 3 rows, 4 columns
+```
+
+| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 5 |
+| 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 |
+| 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
+
+```c++
+const int rows {3};
+const int cols {4};
+int movie_rating [rows][cols];
+```
+
+### Accessing array elements in multi-dimensional arrays
+
+```c++
+cin >> movie_rating [1][2];
+cout << movie_rating [1][2];
+
+// output
+5
+```
+
+### Initializing multi-dimensionaly arrays
+
+```c++
+int movie_rating [3][4] 
+{
+    {0, 4, 3, 5},
+    {2, 3, 3, 5},
+    {1, 4, 4, 5}
+};
+```
+
+## What is a vector
+
+- Container in the C++ Standard Template Library
+- An array that can grow and shrink in size at execution time
+- Provides dsimilar semantics and syntax as arrays
+- Very efficient
+- Can provide bounds checking
+- Can use lots of cool functions like sort, reverse, find, and more
+
+### Characteristics
+
+- Dynamic size
+- Elements are all the same type
+- Stored contiguously in memory
+- Individual elements can be accessed by their position or index
+- First element is at `index 0`
+- Last element is at `index size-1`
+- `[]` no checking to see if you are out of bounds
+- Provided many useful function taht do bounds check
+- Elements initialized to zero
+- Very efficient
+- Iteration (looping) is often used to process
+
+## Declaring and Initializing Vectors
+
+- Suppose we want to store test scores for my school and I have no way of knowing how many students will register next year...
+- Options:
+    - Pick a size that you are not likely to exceed and use static arrays
+    - Use a dynamic array such as vector
+
+### Declaring
+
+```c++
+#include <vector>
+using namspace std;
+
+vector <char> vowels (5);
+vector <int> test_scores (10);  // automatically set to zero
+
+vector <char> vowels {'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'}; // single quotes
+vector <int> test_scores {100, 98, 89, 85, 93};
+vector <double> high_temperature (365, 80.0);   // 365 initializes size of vector, 80.0 initializes all the 365 doubles to.
+```
+
+## Accessing and Modigying Vector Elements
+

Section07-Arrays_and_Vectors/section07_coding_exercise/README.md

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+# Coding Exercise 5: Declaring, Initializing and Accessing an Array
+
+- Declare an array of `10` integers named `arr` and initialize the array so that all 10 integers are `0`.
+- Then assign `100` to the first element of the array and `1000` to the last element of the array.
+
+## Solution
+
+```c++
+#include <vector>
+using namespace std;
+
+vector<int> use_array() {
+    //----DO NOT MODIFY THE CODE ABOVE THIS LINE----
+    //----WRITE YOUR CODE BELOW THIS LINE----
+    
+    int arr [10] {};
+    arr[0] = 100;
+    arr[9] = 1000;
+    
+    //-----WRITE YOUR ABOVE THIS LINE----
+    //-----DO NOT CHANGE THE CODE BELOW THIS LINE----
+    vector<int> v(arr, arr + sizeof arr / sizeof arr[0]);
+    return v;
+}
+```
+
+# Coding Exercise 5: Declaring, Initializing and Accessing Vectors

Section07-Arrays_and_Vectors/section07_source_code/.codelite/Section7.session

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Session Name="C:\Users\frank\Desktop\CPPExamples\Section7\Section7.workspace">
+  <int Value="0" Name="m_selectedTab"/>
+  <wxString Value="C:\Users\frank\Desktop\CPPExamples\Section7\Section7.workspace" Name="m_workspaceName"/>
+  <TabInfoArray Name="TabInfoArray"/>
+  <SerializedObject Name="m_breakpoints">
+    <long Value="0" Name="Count"/>
+  </SerializedObject>
+</Session>

Section07-Arrays_and_Vectors/section07_source_code/.codelite/Section7.tags

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+##
+## Auto Generated makefile by CodeLite IDE
+## any manual changes will be erased      
+##
+## Debug
+ProjectName            :=Arrays
+ConfigurationName      :=Debug
+WorkspacePath          :=C:/Users/frank/Desktop/CPPExamples/Section7
+ProjectPath            :=C:/Users/frank/Desktop/CPPExamples/Section7/Arrays
+IntermediateDirectory  :=./Debug
+OutDir                 := $(IntermediateDirectory)
+CurrentFileName        :=
+CurrentFilePath        :=
+CurrentFileFullPath    :=
+User                   :=frank
+Date                   :=31/01/2018
+CodeLitePath           :="C:/Program Files/CodeLite"
+LinkerName             :=C:/MinGW/bin/g++.exe
+SharedObjectLinkerName :=C:/MinGW/bin/g++.exe -shared -fPIC
+ObjectSuffix           :=.o
+DependSuffix           :=.o.d
+PreprocessSuffix       :=.i
+DebugSwitch            :=-g 
+IncludeSwitch          :=-I
+LibrarySwitch          :=-l
+OutputSwitch           :=-o 
+LibraryPathSwitch      :=-L
+PreprocessorSwitch     :=-D
+SourceSwitch           :=-c 
+OutputFile             :=$(IntermediateDirectory)/$(ProjectName)
+Preprocessors          :=
+ObjectSwitch           :=-o 
+ArchiveOutputSwitch    := 
+PreprocessOnlySwitch   :=-E
+ObjectsFileList        :="Arrays.txt"
+PCHCompileFlags        :=
+MakeDirCommand         :=makedir
+RcCmpOptions           := 
+RcCompilerName         :=C:/MinGW/bin/windres.exe
+LinkOptions            :=  
+IncludePath            :=  $(IncludeSwitch). $(IncludeSwitch). 
+IncludePCH             := 
+RcIncludePath          := 
+Libs                   := 
+ArLibs                 :=  
+LibPath                := $(LibraryPathSwitch). 
+
+##
+## Common variables
+## AR, CXX, CC, AS, CXXFLAGS and CFLAGS can be overriden using an environment variables
+##
+AR       := C:/MinGW/bin/ar.exe rcu
+CXX      := C:/MinGW/bin/g++.exe
+CC       := C:/MinGW/bin/gcc.exe
+CXXFLAGS := -std=c++14 -Wall -g -O0 -std=c++14 -Wall $(Preprocessors)
+CFLAGS   :=  -g -O0 -Wall $(Preprocessors)
+ASFLAGS  := 
+AS       := C:/MinGW/bin/as.exe
+
+
+##
+## User defined environment variables
+##
+CodeLiteDir:=C:\Program Files\CodeLite
+Objects0=$(IntermediateDirectory)/main.cpp$(ObjectSuffix) 
+
+
+
+Objects=$(Objects0) 
+
+##
+## Main Build Targets 
+##
+.PHONY: all clean PreBuild PrePreBuild PostBuild MakeIntermediateDirs
+all: $(OutputFile)
+
+$(OutputFile): $(IntermediateDirectory)/.d $(Objects) 
+	@$(MakeDirCommand) $(@D)
+	@echo "" > $(IntermediateDirectory)/.d
+	@echo $(Objects0)  > $(ObjectsFileList)
+	$(LinkerName) $(OutputSwitch)$(OutputFile) @$(ObjectsFileList) $(LibPath) $(Libs) $(LinkOptions)
+
+MakeIntermediateDirs:
+	@$(MakeDirCommand) "./Debug"
+
+
+$(IntermediateDirectory)/.d:
+	@$(MakeDirCommand) "./Debug"
+
+PreBuild:
+
+
+##
+## Objects
+##
+$(IntermediateDirectory)/main.cpp$(ObjectSuffix): main.cpp $(IntermediateDirectory)/main.cpp$(DependSuffix)
+	$(CXX) $(IncludePCH) $(SourceSwitch) "C:/Users/frank/Desktop/CPPExamples/Section7/Arrays/main.cpp" $(CXXFLAGS) $(ObjectSwitch)$(IntermediateDirectory)/main.cpp$(ObjectSuffix) $(IncludePath)
+$(IntermediateDirectory)/main.cpp$(DependSuffix): main.cpp
+	@$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(IncludePCH) $(IncludePath) -MG -MP -MT$(IntermediateDirectory)/main.cpp$(ObjectSuffix) -MF$(IntermediateDirectory)/main.cpp$(DependSuffix) -MM main.cpp
+
+$(IntermediateDirectory)/main.cpp$(PreprocessSuffix): main.cpp
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(IncludePCH) $(IncludePath) $(PreprocessOnlySwitch) $(OutputSwitch) $(IntermediateDirectory)/main.cpp$(PreprocessSuffix) main.cpp
+
+
+-include $(IntermediateDirectory)/*$(DependSuffix)
+##
+## Clean
+##
+clean:
+	$(RM) -r ./Debug/
+
+