diff --git a/.buildinfo b/.buildinfo new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1e0ee277 --- /dev/null +++ b/.buildinfo @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# Sphinx build info version 1 +# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. +config: bc5cc1abd553588ef0bfa068e3299468 +tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7 diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore deleted file mode 100644 index 053ae06c..00000000 --- a/.gitignore +++ /dev/null @@ -1,107 +0,0 @@ -# mac annoying files.. -.DS_Store - -# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files -__pycache__/ -*.py[cod] -*$py.class - -# C extensions -*.so - -# Distribution / packaging -.Python -env/ -build/ -develop-eggs/ -dist/ -downloads/ -eggs/ -.eggs/ -lib/ -lib64/ -parts/ -sdist/ -var/ -wheels/ -*.egg-info/ -.installed.cfg -*.egg - -# PyInstaller -# Usually these files are written by a python script from a template -# before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it. -*.manifest -*.spec - -# Installer logs -pip-log.txt -pip-delete-this-directory.txt - -# Unit test / coverage reports -htmlcov/ -.tox/ -.coverage -.coverage.* -.cache -nosetests.xml -coverage.xml -*.cover -.hypothesis/ - -# Translations -*.mo -*.pot - -# Django stuff: -*.log -local_settings.py - -# Flask stuff: -instance/ -.webassets-cache - -# Scrapy stuff: -.scrapy - -# Sphinx documentation -docs/_build/ - -# PyBuilder -target/ - -# Jupyter Notebook -.ipynb_checkpoints - -# pyenv -.python-version - -# celery beat schedule file -celerybeat-schedule - -# SageMath parsed files -*.sage.py - -# dotenv -.env - -# virtualenv -.venv -venv/ -ENV/ - -# Spyder project settings -.spyderproject -.spyproject - -# Rope project settings -.ropeproject - -# mkdocs documentation -/site - -# mypy -.mypy_cache/ - -# emacs -*.*~ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/_static/dummy b/.nojekyll similarity index 100% rename from source/_static/dummy rename to .nojekyll diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE deleted file mode 100644 index 8b88d6b6..00000000 --- a/LICENSE +++ /dev/null @@ -1,98 +0,0 @@ -Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License - -By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License ("Public License"). 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For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses. - -Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 9d0976e6..00000000 --- a/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,20 +0,0 @@ -# Minimal makefile for Sphinx documentation -# - -# You can set these variables from the command line. -SPHINXOPTS = -SPHINXBUILD = sphinx-build -SPHINXPROJ = Py100 -SOURCEDIR = source -BUILDDIR = build - -# Put it first so that "make" without argument is like "make help". -help: - @$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O) - -.PHONY: help Makefile - -# Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new -# "make mode" option. $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS). -%: Makefile - @$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/README.rst b/README.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 671a94f3..00000000 --- a/README.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -======================================= -UWPCE Certificate In Python Programming -======================================= - -This repository contains the source materials for the University of Washington Professional and Continuing Education Program Python Certification Program: - -`Certificate in Python Programming `_ - - -These materials are available in html rendered version here: - -https://uwpce-pythoncert.github.io/PythonCertDevel/ diff --git a/_downloads/ICanEatGlass.utf16.txt b/_downloads/ICanEatGlass.utf16.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..24a0858d Binary files /dev/null and b/_downloads/ICanEatGlass.utf16.txt differ diff --git a/_downloads/ICanEatGlass.utf8.txt b/_downloads/ICanEatGlass.utf8.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9ecba2b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/ICanEatGlass.utf8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +I Can Eat Glass: + +And from the sublime to the ridiculous, here is a certain phrase in an assortment of languages: + +Sanskrit: काचं शक्नोम्यत्तुम् । नोपहिनस्ति माम् ॥ + +Sanskrit (standard transcription): kācaṃ śaknomyattum; nopahinasti mām. + +Classical Greek: ὕαλον ϕαγεῖν δύναμαι· τοῦτο οὔ με βλάπτει. + +Greek (monotonic): Μπορώ να φάω σπασμένα γυαλιά χωρίς να πάθω τίποτα. + +Greek (polytonic): Μπορῶ νὰ φάω σπασμένα γυαλιὰ χωρὶς νὰ πάθω τίποτα. + +Latin: Vitrum edere possum; mihi non nocet. + +Old French: Je puis mangier del voirre. Ne me nuit. + +French: Je peux manger du verre, ça ne me fait pas mal. + +Provençal / Occitan: Pòdi manjar de veire, me nafrariá pas. + +Québécois: J'peux manger d'la vitre, ça m'fa pas mal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_downloads/add_book_data.py b/_downloads/add_book_data.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4ef65cfd --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/add_book_data.py @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +sample data for persistence/serializatiion examples + +This version is nested, with more stucture + - can be saved with pickle, JSON, xml... +""" + +AddressBook = [ {'first_name': "Chris", + 'last_name': "Barker", + 'address' : {'line_1':"835 NE 33rd St", + 'line_2' : "", + 'city' : "Seattle", + 'state': "WA", + 'zip': "96543"}, + 'email' : "PythonCHB@gmail.com", + 'home_phone' : "206-555-1234", + 'office_phone' : "123-456-7890", + 'cell_phone' : "234-567-8901", + }, + + {'first_name': "Fred", + 'last_name': "Jones", + 'address' : {'line_1':"123 SE 13th St", + 'line_2' : "Apt. 43", + 'city' : "Tacoma", + 'state': "WA", + 'zip': "93465"}, + 'email' : "FredJones@some_company.com", + 'home_phone' : "510-555-1234", + 'office_phone' : "564-466-7990", + 'cell_phone' : "403-561-8911", + }, + + {'first_name': "Nancy", + 'last_name': "Wilson", + 'address' : {'line_1':"8654 Walnut St", + 'line_2' : "Suite 567", + 'city' : "Pasadena", + 'state': "CA", + 'zip': "12345"}, + 'email' : "Wilson.Nancy@gmail.com", + 'home_phone' : "423-321-9876", + 'office_phone' : "123-765-9877", + 'cell_phone' : "432-567-8466", + }, + ] + diff --git a/_downloads/add_book_data_flat.py b/_downloads/add_book_data_flat.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..97a0869d --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/add_book_data_flat.py @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +sample data for persistence/serialization examples +this version is flat for saving in CSV, ini, etc. +""" + +AddressBook = [ {'first_name': "Chris", + 'last_name': "Barker", + 'address_line_1':"835 NE 33rd St", + 'address_line_2' : "", + 'address_city' : "Seattle", + 'address_state': "WA", + 'address_zip': "96543", + 'email' : "PythonCHB@gmail.com", + 'home_phone' : "206-555-1234", + 'office_phone' : "123-456-7890", + 'cell_phone' : "234-567-8901", + }, + + {'first_name': "Fred", + 'last_name': "Jones", + 'address_line_1':"123 SE 13th St", + 'address_line_2' : "Apt. 43", + 'address_city' : "Tacoma", + 'address_state': "WA", + 'address_zip': "93465", + 'email' : "FredJones@some_company.com", + 'home_phone' : "510-555-1234", + 'office_phone' : "564-466-7990", + 'cell_phone' : "403-561-8911", + }, + + {'first_name': "Nancy", + 'last_name': "Wilson", + 'address_line_1':"8654 Walnut St", + 'address_line_2' : "Suite 567", + 'address_city' : "Pasadena", + 'address_state': "CA", + 'address_zip': "12345", + 'email' : "Wilson.Nancy@gmail.com", + 'home_phone' : "423-321-9876", + 'office_phone' : "123-765-9877", + 'cell_phone' : "432-567-8466", + }, + ] + diff --git a/_downloads/address_book_model.py b/_downloads/address_book_model.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6cc28cbe --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/address_book_model.py @@ -0,0 +1,266 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +sample data for NOSQL examples + +This version has a not completely-trival data model +""" + + +class Person(object): + """ + class to represent an individual person + """ + + def __init__(self, + last_name, + first_name='', + middle_name='', + cell_phone='', + email='', + ): + """ + initialize a Person object: + """ + self.first_name = first_name.strip() + self.last_name = last_name.strip() + self.middle_name = middle_name.strip() + self.cell_phone = cell_phone.strip() + self.email = email.strip() + + @property + def name(self): + return " ".join([self.first_name, self.middle_name, self.last_name]) + + def __str__(self): + msg = '{first_name} {middle_name} {last_name}'.format(**self.__dict__) + return msg + + def __repr__(self): + """ + not a good ___repr__, but want to have something here + """ + return self.__str__() + + +class Address(object): + """ + class that represents an address + """ + + def __init__(self, + line_1='', + line_2='', + city='', + state='', + zip_code='', + ): + """ + initialize an address + """ + + self.line_1 = line_1.strip() + self.line_2 = line_2.strip() + self.city = city.strip() + self.state = state.strip() + self.zip_code = str(zip_code).strip() + + def __str__(self): + msg = "{line_1}\n{line_2}\n{city} {state} {zip_code}\n".format(**self.__dict__) + return msg + + +class Household(object): + """ + Class that represents a Household. + + A household has one or more people, and a Location + """ + + def __init__(self, + name='', + people=(), + address=None, + phone='' + ): + self.name = name.strip() + self.people = list(people) + self.address = address + self.phone = phone.strip() + + def __str__(self): + msg = [self.name + ":"] + msg += [str(self.address)] + return "\n".join(msg) + + def __repr__(self): + return self.__str__() + + +class Business(Household): + """ + Class that represents a Business + + A business has one or more people, + and address and a phone number + """ + # Same as household now, but you never know. + pass + + +class AddressBook(object): + """ + And address book -- has people, households, businesses. + + All fully cross-referenced + """ + + def __init__(self, + people=(), + businesses=(), + households=(), + ): + self.people = list(people) + self.businesses = list(businesses) + self.households = list(households) + + def add_person(self, person): + self.people.append(person) + + def add_household(self, household): + self.households.append(household) + + def add_business(self, business): + self.businesses.append(business) + + def __str__(self): + msg = ["An Address Book:"] + msg += ["People:"] + msg += [" " + person.name for person in self.find_people()] + msg += ["Households:"] + msg += [" " + house.name for house in self.find_households()] + msg += ["Businesses:"] + msg += [" " + bus.name for bus in self.find_businesses()] + + return "\n".join(msg) + + @property + def locations(self): + return self.households + self.businesses + + def find_people(self, name=''): + """ + find all the people with name in their name somewhere + """ + return [person for person in self.people if name.lower() in person.name.lower()] + + def find_zip_codes(self, zip_code): + """ + find all the locations with this zip_code + """ + zip_code = str(zip_code).strip() + return [loc for loc in self.locations if loc.address.zip_code == zip_code] + + def find_state(self, state): + """ + find all the locations in this state + """ + return [location for location in self.locations if location.address.state == state] + + +def create_sample(): + """ + Create a sample Address Book + """ + chris = Person(last_name='Barker', + first_name='Chris', + middle_name='H', + cell_phone='(123) 555-7890', + email='PythonCHB@gmail.com', + ) + + emma = Person(last_name='Barker', + first_name='Emma', + middle_name='L', + cell_phone='(345) 555-9012', + email='emma@something.com', + ) + + donna = Person(last_name='Barker', + first_name='Donna', + middle_name='L', + cell_phone='(111) 555-1111', + email='dbarker@something.com', + ) + + barker_address = Address(line_1='123 Some St', + line_2='Apt 1234', + city='Seattle', + state='WA', + zip_code='98000',) + + the_barkers = Household(name="The Barkers", + people=(chris, donna, emma), + address=barker_address) + + joseph = Person(last_name='Sheedy', + first_name='Joseph', + cell_phone='(234) 555-8910', + email='js@some_thing.com', + ) + + cris = Person(last_name='Ewing', + first_name='Cris', + cell_phone='(345) 555-6789', + email='cris@a_fake_domain.com', + ) + + fulvio = Person(last_name='Casali', + first_name='Fulvio', + cell_phone='(345) 555-1234', + email='fulvio@a_fake_domain.com', + ) + + fred = Person(first_name="Fred", + last_name="Jones", + email='FredJones@some_company.com', + cell_phone="403-561-8911", + ) + + python_cert_address = Address('UW Professional and Continuing Education', + line_2='4333 Brooklyn Ave. NE', + city='Seattle', + state='WA', + zip_code='98105', + ) + + python_cert = Business(name='Python Certification Program', + people=(chris, joseph, cris, fulvio), + address=python_cert_address + ) + + + address_book = AddressBook() + + address_book.add_person(chris) + address_book.add_person(donna) + address_book.add_person(emma) + address_book.add_person(cris) + address_book.add_person(joseph) + address_book.add_person(fulvio) + address_book.add_person(fred) + + address_book.add_household(the_barkers) + + address_book.add_business(python_cert) + + return address_book + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + address_book = create_sample() + + print("Here is the address book") + print(address_book) + + diff --git a/_downloads/address_book_mongo.py b/_downloads/address_book_mongo.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9d0a96ac --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/address_book_mongo.py @@ -0,0 +1,367 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +sample data for NOSQL examples + +This version uses mongoDB to store the data. + +NOTE: you need to start up the DB first: + +$ mongod --dbpath=mongo_data/ + +""" + +# ObjectID provides a new unique ID when you need one. +from bson import ObjectId + + +class PersistObject: + """ + mix-in class for object you want to be able to put in a mongoDB + + defines the basic to_dict and from_dict methods + + This could be a metaclass, or class decorator, or... + """ + def to_dict(self): + """ + returns a dictionary of all the data in the object + + pretty simple in this case, but might be more to it + for a more complicated class + """ + return self.__dict__ + + @classmethod + def from_dict(cls, dct): + """ + Returns a new object initialized from the values in dct + + Just calls the usual __init__ in this case. but could be more + to it in a more complex case. + """ + return cls(**dct) + + +class Person(PersistObject): + """ + class to represent an individual person + """ + def __init__(self, + last_name, + first_name='', + middle_name='', + cell_phone='', + email='', + _id=None, + ): + """ + initialize a Person object: + """ + self.first_name = first_name.strip() + self.last_name = last_name.strip() + self.middle_name = middle_name.strip() + self.cell_phone = cell_phone.strip() + self.email = email.strip() + self._id = ObjectId() if _id is None else _id + + @property + def name(self): + return " ".join([self.first_name, self.middle_name, self.last_name]) + + def __str__(self): + msg = '{first_name} {middle_name} {last_name}'.format(**self.__dict__) + return msg + + def __repr__(self): + """ + Not a good ___repr__, but want to have something here + """ + return self.__str__() + + +class Address(PersistObject): + """ + class that represents an address + """ + def __init__(self, + line_1='', + line_2='', + city='', + state='', + zip_code='', +# **kwargs + ): + """ + Initialize an address + """ + + self.line_1 = line_1.strip() + self.line_2 = line_2.strip() + self.city = city.strip() + self.state = state.strip().upper() + self.zip_code = str(zip_code).strip() + + def __str__(self): + msg = "{line_1}\n{line_2}\n{city} {state} {zip_code}\n".format(**self.__dict__) + return msg + + +class Household(PersistObject): + """ + Class that represents a Household. + + A household has one or more people, and a Location + """ + + def __init__(self, + name = '', + people=(), + address=None, + phone='', + **kwargs + ): + + self.name = name.strip() + # if it's already a ObjectID, then don't need to extract it. + try: + self.people = [p._id for p in people] + except AttributeError: + self.people = people + self.address = address + self.phone = phone.strip() + + def to_dict(self): + """ + convert to dict -- stores ids of people + """ + dct = self.__dict__ + dct['address'] = self.address.to_dict() + return dct + + @classmethod + def from_dict(cls, dct): + """ + creates a household object from a dict representation + unpacks the people _ids and address. + """ + dct['address'] = Address(**dct['address']) + return cls(**dct) + + def __str__(self): + msg = [self.name + ":"] + msg += [str(self.address)] + return "\n".join(msg) + + def __repr__(self): + return self.__str__() + + +class Business(Household): + """ + Class that represents a Business + + A business has one or more people, + and address and a phone number + """ + # Same as household now, but you never know. + pass + + +class AddressBook(object): + """ + An address book -- has people, households, businesses. + + All cross-referenced (normalized) + """ + + def __init__(self, + people=(), + businesses=(), + households=(), + fresh=True, + ): + + # create the DB + from pymongo import MongoClient + + client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017) + db = client.address_book + if fresh: + ## clean out old one + db.people.drop() + db.businesses.drop() + db.households.drop() + + # Use the DB to hold the data + self.people = db.people + self.businesses = db.businesses + self.households = db.households + + def add_person(self, person): + self.people.insert(person.to_dict()) + + def add_household(self, household): + self.households.insert(household.to_dict()) + + def add_business(self, business): + self.businesses.insert(business.to_dict()) + + def __str__(self): + msg = ["An Address Book:"] + msg += ["People:"] + msg += [" " + person.name for person in self.find_people()] + msg += ["Households:"] + msg += [" " + house.name for house in self.find_households()] + msg += ["Businesses:"] + msg += [" " + bus.name for bus in self.find_businesses()] + + return "\n".join(msg) + + def find_people(self, name=''): + """ + Find all the people with name in their name somewhere + """ + # fixme -- can this query be combined? + # like this: db.inventory.find( { $or: [ { qty: { $lt: 20 } }, { sale: true } ] } ) + + cursor = self.people.find({"first_name": {'$regex': '.*' + name + '.*', + '$options': 'i'}}) + results = [Person.from_dict(p) for p in cursor] + + cursor = self.people.find({"last_name": {'$regex': '.*' + name + '.*', + '$options': 'i'}}) + + return results + [Person.from_dict(p) for p in cursor] + + def find_households(self): + cursor = self.households.find() + return [Household.from_dict(p) for p in cursor] + + def find_businesses(self): + cursor = self.businesses.find() + return [Business.from_dict(p) for p in cursor] + + def find_zip_codes(self, zip_code): + """ + find all the locations with this zip_code + """ + zip_code = str(zip_code).strip() + cursor = self.households.find({"addresses.zip_code": zip_code}) + results = [Household.from_dict(dct) for dct in cursor] + + cursor = self.businesses.find({"address.zip_code": zip_code}) + results += [Business.from_dict(dct) for dct in cursor] + + return results + + def find_state(self, state): + """ + find all the locations in this state + """ + state = state.strip().upper() + cursor = self.households.find({"address.state": state}) + results = [Household.from_dict(dct) for dct in cursor] + + cursor = self.businesses.find({"address.state": state}) + results += [Business.from_dict(dct) for dct in cursor] + + return results + + +def create_sample(): + """ + Create a sample Address Book + """ + chris = Person(last_name='Barker', + first_name='Chris', + middle_name='H', + cell_phone='(123) 555-7890', + email='PythonCHB@gmail.com', + ) + + emma = Person(last_name='Barker', + first_name='Emma', + middle_name='L', + cell_phone='(345) 555-9012', + email='emma@something.com', + ) + + donna = Person(last_name='Barker', + first_name='Donna', + middle_name='L', + cell_phone='(111) 555-1111', + email='dbarker@something.com', + ) + + barker_address = Address(line_1='123 Some St', + line_2='Apt 1234', + city='Seattle', + state='WA', + zip_code='98000',) + + the_barkers = Household(name="The Barkers", + people=(chris, donna, emma), + address=barker_address) + + joseph = Person(last_name='Sheedy', + first_name='Joseph', + cell_phone='(234) 555-8910', + email='js@some_thing.com', + ) + + cris = Person(last_name='Ewing', + first_name='Cris', + cell_phone='(345) 555-6789', + email='cris@a_fake_domain.com', + ) + + fulvio = Person(last_name='Casali', + first_name='Fulvio', + cell_phone='(345) 555-1234', + email='fulvio@a_fake_domain.com', + ) + + fred = Person(first_name="Fred", + last_name="Jones", + email='FredJones@some_company.com', + cell_phone="403-561-8911", + ) + + python_cert_address = Address('UW Professional and Continuing Education', + line_2='4333 Brooklyn Ave. NE', + city='Seattle', + state='WA', + zip_code='98105', + ) + + python_cert = Business(name='Python Certification Program', + people=(chris, joseph, cris, fulvio), + address=python_cert_address + ) + + + address_book = AddressBook() + + address_book.add_person(chris) + address_book.add_person(donna) + address_book.add_person(emma) + address_book.add_person(cris) + address_book.add_person(joseph) + address_book.add_person(fulvio) + address_book.add_person(fred) + + address_book.add_household(the_barkers) + + address_book.add_business(python_cert) + + return address_book + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + address_book = create_sample() + + print("Here is the address book") + print(address_book) + + diff --git a/_downloads/async_executor.py b/_downloads/async_executor.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d0d33cb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/async_executor.py @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +An example of runing a blocking task in an Executor: +""" + +import asyncio +import time +import datetime +import random + + +async def small_task(num): + """ + Just something to give us little tasks that run at random intervals + These will go on forever + """ + while True: # keep doing this until break + print("task: {} run".format(num)) + # pause for a random amount of time between 0 and 2 seconds + await asyncio.sleep(random.random() * 2) + +async def slow_task(): + while True: # keep going forever + print("running the slow task- blocking!") + # This will block for 2-10 seconds! + # result = slow_function(random.random() * 8 + 2) + # uncomment to put it on a different thread: + # result = slow_function(random.random() * 8 + 2) + result = await loop.run_in_executor(None, + slow_function, + random.random() * 8 + 2) + print("slow function done: result", result) + # await asyncio.sleep(0.0) # to release the loop + + +def slow_function(duration): + """ + this is a fake function that takes a long time, and blocks + """ + time.sleep(duration) + print("slow task complete") + return duration + + +# get a loop going: +loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() + +# or add tasks to the loop like this: +loop.create_task(small_task(1)) +loop.create_task(small_task(2)) +loop.create_task(small_task(3)) +loop.create_task(small_task(4)) + +# Add the slow one +loop.create_task(slow_task()) + +print("about to run loop") +# this is a blocking call +# we will need to hit ^C to stop it... +loop.run_forever() +print("loop exited") diff --git a/_downloads/async_timer.py b/_downloads/async_timer.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2cbe756f --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/async_timer.py @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Simple async example derived from python docs. + +Will only work on Python 3.5 and above +""" + +import asyncio +import time +import datetime +import random + + +# using "async" makes this a coroutine: +# its code can be run by the event loop +async def display_date(num): + end_time = time.time() + 10.0 # we want it to run for 10 seconds. + while True: # keep doing this until break + print("instance: {} Time: {}".format(num, datetime.datetime.now())) + if (time.time()) >= end_time: + print("instance: {} is all done".format(num)) + break + # pause for a random amount of time + await asyncio.sleep(random.randint(0, 3)) + + +def shutdown(): + print("shutdown called") + # you can access the event loop this way: + loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() + loop.stop() + + +# You register "futures" on the loop this way: +asyncio.ensure_future(display_date(1)) +asyncio.ensure_future(display_date(2)) + +loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() + +# or add tasks to the loop like this: +loop.create_task(display_date(3)) +loop.create_task(display_date(4)) +for i in range(5, 20): + loop.create_task(display_date(i)) + +# this will shut the event loop down in 15 seconds +loop.call_later(15, shutdown) + +print("about to run loop") +# this is a blocking call +loop.run_forever() +print("loop exited") + diff --git a/_downloads/capitalize.zip b/_downloads/capitalize.zip new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2c7d361a Binary files /dev/null and b/_downloads/capitalize.zip differ diff --git a/_downloads/context_manager.py b/_downloads/context_manager.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7e6f74ca --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/context_manager.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Demo of a contextmanager + + +class Context(object): + """ + from Doug Hellmann, PyMOTW + https://pymotw.com/3/contextlib/#module-contextlib + """ + + def __init__(self, handle_error): + print('__init__({})'.format(handle_error)) + self.handle_error = handle_error + + def __enter__(self): + print('__enter__()') + return self + + def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): + print(exc_val.args) + print('__exit__({}, {}, {})'.format(exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)) + return self.handle_error diff --git a/_downloads/cool_meta.py b/_downloads/cool_meta.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ef3e8217 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/cool_meta.py @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +""" +Complete do-nothing metaclass example + +It serves to show when each special method of the metaclass is called. + +""" + + +class CoolMeta(type): + def __new__(meta, name, bases, dct): + print('Creating class in CoolMeta.__new__', name) + return super().__new__(meta, name, bases, dct) + + def __init__(cls, name, bases, dct): + print('Initializing class in CoolMeta.__init__', name) + super().__init__(name, bases, dct) + + def __call__(cls, *args, **kw): + print('calling CoolMeta to instantiate ', cls) + return type.__call__(cls, *args, **kw) + + +class CoolClass(metaclass=CoolMeta): + def __init__(self): + print('And now my CoolClass object exists') + + +print('everything loaded, instantiate a CoolClass instance now') + +foo = CoolClass() diff --git a/_downloads/diamond.py b/_downloads/diamond.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b994c3ad --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/diamond.py @@ -0,0 +1,87 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +""" +example of the classic "diamond problem" + +In this case, class A is at the root of the class hierarchy + +B and C both inherit from A + +D inherits from B and C + +ASCII art that shows this: + + ----- + | A | + ----- + / \ + / \ +----- ----- +| B | | C | +----- ----- + \ / + \ / + ----- + | D | + ----- + +So what's the problem? + +If you call a method on D -- it calls B and C's method -- and each +of them call A's method. So A's method gets called twice! + +The reason this is a tricky is that when you write the D class, you may not +know that B and C both inherit from A. And you may indeed *need* to call both +B and C's method. + +""" + + +class A(object): + def do_your_stuff(self): + print("doing A's stuff") + + +class Default(A): + def do_your_stuff(self): + print('doing Default stuff') + + +class B(A): + def do_your_stuff(self): + A.do_your_stuff(self) + print("doing B's stuff") + + +class C(A): + def do_your_stuff(self): + A.do_your_stuff(self) + print("doing C's stuff") + + +class D(B, C): + def do_your_stuff(self): + B.do_your_stuff(self) + C.do_your_stuff(self) + print("doing D's stuff") + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + a = A() + print("\ncalling A's method") + a.do_your_stuff() + + default = Default() + print("\ncalling Default's method") + default.do_your_stuff() + + print("\ncalling B's method") + b = B() + b.do_your_stuff() + + print("\ncalling C's method") + c = C() + c.do_your_stuff() + + print("\ncalling D's method") + d = D() + d.do_your_stuff() diff --git a/_downloads/diamond_super.py b/_downloads/diamond_super.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ca5d929b --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/diamond_super.py @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +""" +Example of solving the classic "diamond problem" using super() + +In this case, class A is at the root of the class hierarchy + +B and C both inherit from A + +D inherits from B and C + +ASCII art that shows this: + + ----- + | A | + ----- + / \ + / \ +----- ----- +| B | | C | +----- ----- + \ / + \ / + ----- + | D | + ----- + +So what's the problem? + +If you call a method on D -- it calls B and C's method -- and each +of them call A's method. So A's method gets called twice! + +But using super() makes sure all the methods get called, but none of them twice. +""" + + +class A(object): + def do_your_stuff(self): + print("doing A's stuff") + + +class Default(A): + def do_your_stuff(self): + print('doing Default stuff') + + +class B(A): + def do_your_stuff(self): + super().do_your_stuff() + print("doing B's stuff") + + +class C(A): + def do_your_stuff(self): + super().do_your_stuff() + print("doing C's stuff") + + +class D(B, C): + def do_your_stuff(self): + super().do_your_stuff() + print("doing D's stuff") + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + a = A() + print("\ncalling A's method") + a.do_your_stuff() + + default = Default() + print("\ncalling Default's method") + default.do_your_stuff() + + print("\ncalling B's method") + b = B() + b.do_your_stuff() + + print("\ncalling C's method") + c = C() + c.do_your_stuff() + + print("\ncalling D's method") + d = D() + d.do_your_stuff() diff --git a/_downloads/eggs.csv b/_downloads/eggs.csv new file mode 100644 index 00000000..efb5b9e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/eggs.csv @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Baked Beans +Spam, "Lovely, Spam", Wonderful, Spam, and, more + diff --git a/_downloads/except_exercise.py b/_downloads/except_exercise.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..96c88709 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/except_exercise.py @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +#!/usr/bin/python + +""" +An exercise in playing with Exceptions. +Make lots of try/except blocks for fun and profit. + +Make sure to catch specifically the error you find, rather than all errors. +""" + +from except_test import fun, more_fun, last_fun + + +# Figure out what the exception is, catch it and while still +# in that catch block, try again with the second item in the list +first_try = ['spam', 'cheese', 'mr death'] + +joke = fun(first_try[0]) + +# Here is a try/except block. Add an else that prints not_joke +try: + not_joke = fun(first_try[2]) +except SyntaxError: + print('Run Away!') + +# What did that do? You can think of else in this context, as well as in +# loops as meaning: "else if nothing went wrong" +# (no breaks in loops, no exceptions in try blocks) + +# Figure out what the exception is, catch it and in that same block +# +# try calling the more_fun function with the 2nd language in the list, +# again assigning it to more_joke. +# +# If there are no exceptions, call the more_fun function with the last +# language in the list + +# Finally, while still in the try/except block and regardless of whether +# there were any exceptions, call the function last_fun with no +# parameters. (pun intended) + +langs = ['java', 'c', 'python'] + +more_joke = more_fun(langs[0]) diff --git a/_downloads/except_test.py b/_downloads/except_test.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..905dd675 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/except_test.py @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +""" +silly little test module that is designed to trigger Exceptions when +run from the except_exercise.py file +""" + +import time + +conclude = "And what leads you to that conclusion?" +district = "Finest in the district, sir." +cheese = "It's certainly uncontaminated by cheese." +clean = "Well, it's so clean." +shop = "Not much of a cheese shop really, is it?" +cust = "Customer: " +clerk = "Shopkeeper: " + + +def fun(reaper): + if reaper == 'spam': + print(s) + elif reaper == 'cheese': + print() + print('Spam, Spam, Spam, Spam, Beautiful Spam') + elif reaper == 'mr death': + print() + return('{}{}\n{}{}'.format(cust, shop, clerk, district)) + + +def more_fun(language): + if language == 'java': + test = [1, 2, 3] + test[5] = language + elif language == 'c': + print('{}{}\n{}{}'.format(cust, conclude, clerk, clean)) + + +def last_fun(): + print(cust, cheese) + time.sleep(1) + import antigravity diff --git a/_downloads/exception_test.py b/_downloads/exception_test.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..975f1df8 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/exception_test.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +#!/usr/bin/python + +""" +example for what happens when you pass non-ascii unicode to a Exception +""" + +msg = u'This is an ASCII-compatible unicode message' + +#msg = u'This is an non ASCII\N{EM DASH}compatible unicode message' + +print "\nDo you see this message in the Exception report?\n" +print msg +print + +raise ValueError(msg) + diff --git a/_downloads/file_yielder.py b/_downloads/file_yielder.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d0368343 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/file_yielder.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +import pathlib + + +def file_yielder(dir=".", pattern="*"): + """ + iterate over all the files that match the pattern + + pattern us a "glob" pattern, like: *.py + """ + for filename in pathlib.Path(dir).glob(pattern): + with open(filename) as file_obj: + yield file_obj diff --git a/_downloads/gather.py b/_downloads/gather.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c5e4b312 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/gather.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +test of gather() + +adapted from: + +https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-task.html + +""" + +import asyncio + + +async def factorial(name, number): + f = 1 + for i in range(2, number + 1): + print("Task %s: Compute factorial(%s)..." % (name, i)) + await asyncio.sleep(1) # to simulate a longer process... + f *= i + print("Task %s: factorial(%s) = %s" % (name, number, f)) + +loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() +loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather(factorial("A", 2), + factorial("B", 3), + factorial("C", 4), + )) +loop.close() diff --git a/_downloads/get_news_async.py b/_downloads/get_news_async.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8641e0af --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/get_news_async.py @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +An Asynchronous version of the script to see how much a given word is +mentioned in the news today + +Uses data from the NewsAPI: + +https://newsapi.org +""" + +import time +import asyncio +import aiohttp + +NEWS_API_KEY = "84d0483394c44f288965d7b366e54a74" + +WORD = "war" +base_url = 'https://newsapi.org/v1/' + + +# This has to run first, so doesn't really need async +# but why use two requests libraries ? +async def get_sources(sources): + """ + Get all the english language sources of news + + 'https://newsapi.org/v1/sources?language=en' + """ + url = base_url + "sources" + params = {"language": "en", "apiKey": NEWS_API_KEY} + async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: + async with session.get(url, ssl=False, params=params) as resp: + data = await resp.json() + print("Got the sources") + sources.extend([src['id'].strip() for src in data['sources']]) + + +async def get_articles(source): + """ + download the info for all the articles + """ + url = base_url + "articles" + params = {"source": source, + "apiKey": NEWS_API_KEY, + "sortBy": "top" + } + print("requesting:", source) + async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: + async with session.get(url, ssl=False, params=params) as resp: + if resp.status != 200: # aiohttpp has "status" + print(f'something went wrong with: {source}') + await asyncio.sleep(0) # releases control the the mainloop + return + # awaits response rather than waiting on response in the requests version of this + print("got the articles from {}".format(source)) + data = await resp.json() + # the url to the article itself is in data['articles'][i]['url'] + titles.extend([(str(art['title']) + str(art['description'])) + for art in data['articles']]) + + +def count_word(word, titles): + word = word.lower() + count = 0 + for title in titles: + if word in title.lower(): + count += 1 + return count + + +start = time.time() + +# start up a loop: +loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() + +# create the objects to hold the data +sources = [] +titles = [] + +# get the sources -- this is essentially synchronous +loop.run_until_complete(get_sources(sources)) + +# run the loop for the articles +jobs = asyncio.gather(*(get_articles(source) for source in sources)) +loop.run_until_complete(jobs) +loop.close() + +art_count = len(titles) +word_count = count_word(WORD, titles) + +print(f'found {WORD}, {word_count} times in {art_count} articles') +print(f'Process took {(time.time() - start):.0f} sec.') diff --git a/_downloads/get_news_sync.py b/_downloads/get_news_sync.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..82a7b13b --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/get_news_sync.py @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Regular synchronous script to see how much a given word is mentioned in the +news today + +Took about 21 seconds for me. + +Uses data from the NewsAPI: + +https://newsapi.org + +NOTE: you need to register with the web site to get a KEY. +""" +import time +import requests + +WORD = "trump" + +NEWS_API_KEY = "84d0483394c44f288965d7b366e54a74" + +base_url = 'https://newsapi.org/v1/' + + +def get_sources(): + """ + Get all the english language sources of news + + 'https://newsapi.org/v1/sources?language=en' + """ + url = base_url + "sources" + params = {"language": "en"} + resp = requests.get(url, params=params) + data = resp.json() + sources = [src['id'].strip() for src in data['sources']] + print("all the sources") + print(sources) + return sources + + +def get_articles(source): + """ + https://newsapi.org/v1/articles?source=associated-press&sortBy=top&apiKey=1fabc23bb9bc485ca59b3966cbd6ea26 + """ + url = base_url + "articles" + params = {"source": source, + "apiKey": NEWS_API_KEY, + # "sortBy": "latest", # some sources don't support latest + "sortBy": "top", + # "sortBy": "popular", + } + print("requesting:", source) + resp = requests.get(url, params=params) + if resp.status_code != 200: # aiohttpp has "status" + print("something went wrong with {}".format(source)) + print(resp) + print(resp.text) + return [] + data = resp.json() + # the url to the article itself is in data['articles'][i]['url'] + titles = [str(art['title']) + str(art['description']) + for art in data['articles']] + return titles + + +def count_word(word, titles): + word = word.lower() + count = 0 + for title in titles: + if word in title.lower(): + count += 1 + return count + + +start = time.time() +sources = get_sources() + +art_count = 0 +word_count = 0 +for source in sources: + titles = get_articles(source) + art_count += len(titles) + word_count += count_word('trump', titles) + +print(WORD, "found {} times in {} articles".format(word_count, art_count)) +print("Process took {:.0f} seconds".format(time.time() - start)) diff --git a/_downloads/get_set_attr.py b/_downloads/get_set_attr.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..30beb773 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/get_set_attr.py @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +""" +Manipulating attributes + +Example code for manipulating attributes +""" + + +# A simple class for a person +class Person: + def __init__(self, first_name="", last_name="", phone=""): + self.first_name = first_name + self.last_name = last_name + self.phone = phone + + def __str__(self): + msg = ["Person:"] + for name, val in vars(self).items(): + msg.append("{}: {}".format(name, val)) + return "\n".join(msg) + + +def update_person(person): + while True: + att = input("What would you like to update for:\n" + "{}\n" + '(type "quit" to quit) >> '.format(person) + ) + if att.strip().lower() == "quit": + break + if not hasattr(person, att): + ans = input("This person does not have that attribute.\n" + "Would you like to add it? Y,[N] >> ") + if not ans.lower().startswith('y'): + continue + ans = input("What would you like to set it to? >> ") + setattr(person, att, ans) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + # a little test code: + + # create a couple people: + p1 = Person("Fred", "Jones", "206-555-1234") + update_person(p1) + + diff --git a/_downloads/hello_unicode.py b/_downloads/hello_unicode.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6bbad1de --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/hello_unicode.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- + +hello = 'Hello ' +world = u'世界' + +print hello + world + +print u"It was nice weather today: it reached 80\u00B0" + +print u"Maybe it will reach 90\N{degree sign}" + +print u"It is extremely rare for it ever to reach 100° in Seattle" diff --git a/_downloads/html_render.py b/_downloads/html_render.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..508400f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/html_render.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +""" +A class-based system for rendering html. +""" + + +# This is the framework for the base class +class Element(object): + + def __init__(self, content=None): + pass + + def append(self, new_content): + pass + + def render(self, out_file): + out_file.write("just something as a place holder...") diff --git a/_downloads/index_slicing.py b/_downloads/index_slicing.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dedd464c --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/index_slicing.py @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +""" +examples / test code for __getindex__ + +Doesn't really do anything, but you can see what happens with different indexing. +""" + +import operator + + +class IndexTest: + + def __getitem__(self, index): + # print("In getindex, indexes is:", index) + if isinstance(index, slice): + print("it's a single slice:", index) + elif isinstance(index, tuple): + print("it's a multi-dimensional slice:", index) + else: + try: + ind = operator.index(index) # this converts arbitrary objects to an int. + print("it's an index: ", ind) + except TypeError: # not a simple index + raise + print("It's a simple index") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + + it = IndexTest() + + print("calling with simple index") + it[4] + + print("calling with single slice") + it[3:4] + + print("calling with two slices") + it[3:4, 7:8] + + print("calling with an invalid index") + it["this"] + + + + + + + diff --git a/_downloads/integrate.py b/_downloads/integrate.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f96aadd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/integrate.py @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +def f(x): + return x**2 + + +def integrate(f, a, b, N): + s = 0 + dx = (b - a) / N + for i in range(N): + s += f(a + i * dx) + return s * dx + + +def integrate_f_with_functional_tools(f, a, b, N): + dx = (b - a) / N + return sum(map(f, ((a + y * dx) for y in range(N)))) * dx + + + + + + + + + + + + +# imported here so the rest of the code can run without it +import numpy as np + +def integrate_numpy(f, a, b, N): + """ + numpy can be used to "vectorize" the problem + + f must be "numpy comaptible" + + """ + dx = (b - a) / N + i = np.arange(N) + s = np.sum(f(a + (i * dx))) + return s * dx + + + diff --git a/_downloads/integrate_threads.py b/_downloads/integrate_threads.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..16c0d7f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/integrate_threads.py @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +import threading +import queue + +# from integrate.integrate import integrate, f +from integrate import f, integrate_numpy as integrate +from decorators import timer + + +@timer +def threading_integrate(f, a, b, N, thread_count=2): + """break work into N chunks""" + N_chunk = int(float(N) / thread_count) + dx = float(b - a) / thread_count + + results = queue.Queue() + + def worker(*args): + results.put(integrate(*args)) + + for i in range(thread_count): + x0 = dx * i + x1 = x0 + dx + thread = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(f, x0, x1, N_chunk)) + thread.start() + print("Thread %s started" % thread.name) + + return sum((results.get() for i in range(thread_count))) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + + # parameters of the integration + a = 0.0 + b = 10.0 + N = 10**8 + thread_count = 1 + + print("Numerical solution with N=%(N)d : %(x)f" % + {'N': N, 'x': threading_integrate(f, a, b, N, thread_count=thread_count)}) + diff --git a/_downloads/iterator_1.py b/_downloads/iterator_1.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..479e5bf7 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/iterator_1.py @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Simple iterator examples +""" + + +class IterateMe_1: + """ + About as simple an iterator as you can get: + + returns the sequence of numbers from zero to 4 + ( like range(4) ) + """ + + def __init__(self, stop=5): + self.current = -1 + self.stop = stop + + def __iter__(self): + return self + + def __next__(self): + self.current += 1 + if self.current < self.stop: + return self.current + else: + raise StopIteration + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + + print("Testing the iterator") + for i in IterateMe_1(): + print(i) diff --git a/_downloads/json_save.zip b/_downloads/json_save.zip new file mode 100644 index 00000000..86b3357a Binary files /dev/null and b/_downloads/json_save.zip differ diff --git a/_downloads/latin1_test.py b/_downloads/latin1_test.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3990078f --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/latin1_test.py @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +An example of using latin-1 as a universal encoding + +latin-1 is a superset of ASCII that is suitable for western european languages. + +Is the most common, and a good default, if you need a one-byte per char encoding +for European text. + +It also has a nice property: + : every byte value from 0 to 255 is avalid charactor + +Thus you will never get an UnicodeDecodeError if +you try to decode arbitrary bytes with latin-1. + +And it can "round-trip" trhough a unicode object. + +This can be useful is you don't know the encoding -- at least it won't break. +It's also useful if you need to work with cobined text+binary data. + + + +""" + +# all the byte values in a bytes (str) object: +all_bytes = ''.join( [chr(i) for i in range(255)] ) + +print type(all_bytes) +print len(all_bytes) + +print "Example value: 20" +print ord(all_bytes[20]) == 20 +print "Example high value: 245" +print ord(all_bytes[245]) == 245 + +# now decode it to a unicode object: +try: + uni = all_bytes.decode() +except UnicodeDecodeError: + print "OOPS: can't decode with default encoding" + +# latin-1 works: +try: + all_uni = all_bytes.decode('latin-1') + print "Yup -- that worked" + print all_uni + print "note that the ASCII subset is the same..." +except UnicodeDecodeError: + print "OOPS: This should have worked!!" + raise + +## now show that it round-trips: +all_bytes2 = all_uni.encode('latin-1') + +if all_bytes2 == all_bytes: + print "yup -- that worked...the values are preserved on the round trip." +else: + print "Hey, that should have worked" + + + + + + + diff --git a/_downloads/listing1.py b/_downloads/listing1.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e6f10147 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/listing1.py @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +# coding: utf-8 +""" +""" + +import string +import string + + +module_variable = 0 + +float = 1.0 + +long = "loooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooong" + + + + + +def functionName(self, int): + local = 5 + 5 + module_variable = 5*5 + return module_variable + +class my_class(object): + + def __init__(self, arg1, string): + self.value = True + return + + def method1(self, str): + self.s = str + return self.value + + def method2(self): + return + print('How did we get here?') + + def method1(self): + return self.value + 1 + method2 = method1 + +class my_subclass(my_class): + + def __init__(self, arg1, string): + self.value = arg1 + return + + + +class Food(object): + pass + +class Pizza(Food): + pass + +# test recommendations from http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/#programming-recommendations + +# http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/#constants +food = Food() +pizza = Pizza() + +print(type(food) == type(pizza)) +print(isinstance(food, Food)) +print(isinstance(pizza, Food)) + +# create a larger Cyclomatic complexity, error triggered with +# flake8 --max-complexity=5 +def f(x): + if x is 1: + return x + elif x is 2: + return x + elif x is 3: + return x + elif x is 4: + return x + elif x is 5: + return x + +print(f(5)) diff --git a/_downloads/lock_exercise.zip b/_downloads/lock_exercise.zip new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d315044c Binary files /dev/null and b/_downloads/lock_exercise.zip differ diff --git a/_downloads/mangler.py b/_downloads/mangler.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a8e22067 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/mangler.py @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +""" +Simple metaclass example that creates upper and lower case versions of +all non-dunder class attributes +""" + + +class NameMangler(type): # deriving from type makes it a metaclass. + + def __new__(cls, clsname, bases, _dict): + uppercase_attr = {} + for name, val in _dict.items(): + if not name.startswith('__'): + uppercase_attr[name.upper()] = val + uppercase_attr[name.lower()] = val + else: + uppercase_attr[name] = val + + return super().__new__(cls, clsname, bases, uppercase_attr) + + +class Foo(metaclass=NameMangler): + x = 1 + Y = 2 + + +# note that it works for methods, too! +class Bar(metaclass=NameMangler): + x = 1 + + def a_method(self): + print("in a_method") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + f = Foo() + print(f.x) + print(f.X) + print(f.y) + print(f.Y) + + b = Bar() + b.A_METHOD() diff --git a/_downloads/mangler_dec.py b/_downloads/mangler_dec.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e8ca4938 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/mangler_dec.py @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +""" +class decorator that adds both upper and lower case versions of +class attributes. + +Same as the NameMangler metaclass, but with a class decorator instead + +Usage example: + +@name_mangler +class Foo: + x = 1 + +f = Foo() +print(f.x) +print(f.X) +""" + + +def name_mangler(cls): + """ + Class decorator that adds upper and lower case names to the + decorated class + """ + # get the dictionary of class attributes + att_dict = vars(cls) + # create a new dict to hold the attributes + new_attrs = {} + # loop thorough all the class attributes + for name, val in att_dict.items(): + # skip all the "dunder" attributes + if not name.startswith("__"): + # Create both upper and lower case versions of all non-dunder names + # They are stored in the new_attrs dict, as you can't + # update the class namespace while looping through it. + new_attrs[name.upper()] = val + new_attrs[name.lower()] = val + # Add the new names to the cls attributes + # you can't directly update the __dict__ -- class __dict__s are not + # writable. + for name, val in new_attrs.items(): + setattr(cls, name, val) + return cls + + +@name_mangler +class Foo: + x = 1 + Y = 2 + + +# note that it works for methods, too! +@name_mangler +class Bar: + x = 1 + + def a_method(self): + print("in a_method") + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + f = Foo() + print(f.x) + print(f.X) + print(f.y) + print(f.Y) + + b = Bar() + b.A_METHOD() + diff --git a/_downloads/my_for.py b/_downloads/my_for.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6023ad9f --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/my_for.py @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +hand writing 'for' + +demonstrates how for interacts with an iterable +""" + + +l = [1,2,3,4,5,] + + +def my_for(an_iterable, func): + """ + Emulation of a for loop. + + func() will be called with each item in an_iterable + + :param an_iterable: anything that satisfies the interation protocol + + :param func: a callable -- it will be called, passing in each item + in an_iterable. + + """ + # equiv of "for i in l:" + iterator = iter(an_iterable) + while True: + try: + i = next(iterator) + except StopIteration: + break + func(i) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + + def print_func(x): + print(x) + + l = [1,2,3,4,5,] + my_for(l, print_func) + + t = ('a','b','c','d') + + my_for(t, print_func) + + + + + diff --git a/_downloads/nba_stats_async.py b/_downloads/nba_stats_async.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..78aacf89 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/nba_stats_async.py @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Gathering statistics on NBA players asynchronously with the + +aiohttp library + +Running this on my machine, on my home network, took: + + +***NOTE*** +On my OS-X box, a regular user is limited to 256 open files per process. +A socket is considered a file -- so this can crash out when it hits that limit. + +(as of now, there are 491 players listed) + +You can increase it with: + +ulimit -n 2048 + +And see what it's set to with: + +ulimit -a +*********** + +Borrowed from: + +http://terriblecode.com/blog/asynchronous-http-requests-in-python/ +""" +import pdb +import asyncio +import aiohttp +import json +import time +import requests + +base_url = 'http://stats.nba.com/stats' + +HEADERS = { + 'user-agent': ('Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) ' + 'AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) ' + 'Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36'), +} + +# # this needs to be run first before we can start -- so no need for async +# # but making it async so we can use the aiohttp lib. +# async def get_players(players): +# """ +# get the names of all the players we are interested in + +# This request will get JSON of the players for the 2016-17 season: + +# http://stats.nba.com/stats/commonallplayers?LeagueID=00&season=2016-17&isonlycurrentseason=1 +# """ +# endpoint = '/commonallplayers' +# params = {'leagueid': '00', 'season': '2016-17', 'isonlycurrentseason': '1'} +# url = base_url + endpoint +# print('Getting all players...') +# async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: +# print("got the session") +# async with session.get(url, headers=HEADERS, params=params) as resp: +# print("got the response") +# data = await resp.json() +# players.append([(item[0], item[2]) for item in data['resultSets'][0]['rowSet']]) + + +def get_players(player_args): + """ + get the names of all the players we are interested in + + This request will get JSON of the players for the 2016-17 season: + + http://stats.nba.com/stats/commonallplayers?LeagueID=00&season=2016-17&isonlycurrentseason=1 + + """ + endpoint = '/commonallplayers' + params = {'leagueid': '00', 'season': '2016-17', 'isonlycurrentseason': '1'} + url = base_url + endpoint + print('Getting all players...') + print("about to make request") + resp = requests.get(url, headers=HEADERS, params=params) + print("got the response") + data = resp.json() + player_args.extend( + [(item[0], item[2]) for item in data['resultSets'][0]['rowSet']]) + + +# this is what we want to make concurrent +async def get_player(player_id, player_name): + endpoint = '/commonplayerinfo' + params = {'playerid': player_id} + url = base_url + endpoint + print("Getting player", player_name) + async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session: + print("session created") + async with session.get(url, + skip_auto_headers=["User-Agent"], + headers=HEADERS, + params=params) as resp: + print("response:", resp) + all_players[player_name] = await resp.json() + print("got:", player_name) + print("Done with get_player:", player_name) + +# async def get_all_stats(players): +# for id, name in players: +# print("getting:", name) +# all_players[name] = await get_player(id, name) + +all_players = {} +players = [] + +start = time.time() +loop = asyncio.get_event_loop() + +print("getting the players") +# loop.run_until_complete(get_players(players)) + +get_players(players) +print("got the players") +print("there are {} players".format(len(players))) + +# print("getting the stats") +# loop.run_until_complete(get_all_stats(players[:200])) +# print("got the stats") + +loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.gather( + *(get_player(*args) for args in players[:10]) + ) + ) + +# loop.run_until_complete(get_player(*players[0])) + +# for id, name in players: +# all_players[name] = get_player(id, name) + +print("Done getting data: it took {:.2F} seconds".format(time.time() - start)) + +# write it out to a file +with open("NBA_stats_2.json", 'w') as outfile: + json.dump(all_players, outfile, indent=2) + +print("File written out") diff --git a/_downloads/nba_stats_sync.py b/_downloads/nba_stats_sync.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5413814b --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/nba_stats_sync.py @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Gathering statistics on NBA players with the regular old +synchronous requests library. + +It took: 214.62 seconds (3.6 minutes) on my machine at home on May 29th + +Borrowed from: + +http://terriblecode.com/blog/asynchronous-http-requests-in-python/ +""" + +import requests +import json +import time + +base_url = 'http://stats.nba.com/stats' +HEADERS = { + 'user-agent': ('Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) ' + 'AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) ' + 'Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36'), +} + + +def get_players(player_args): + """ + get the names of all the players we are interested in + + This request will get JSON of the players for the 2016-17 season: + + http://stats.nba.com/stats/commonallplayers?LeagueID=00&season=2016-17&isonlycurrentseason=1 + + """ + endpoint = '/commonallplayers' + params = {'leagueid': '00', + 'season': '2016-17', + 'isonlycurrentseason': '1'} + url = base_url + endpoint + print('Getting all players...') + resp = requests.get(url, + headers=HEADERS, + params=params) + data = resp.json() + player_args.extend( + [(item[0], item[2]) for item in data['resultSets'][0]['rowSet']]) + + +def get_player(player_id, player_name): + """ + The request for a player's stats. + + Should be a request like: + + http://stats.nba.com/stats/commonplayerinfo?playerid=203112 + """ + endpoint = '/commonplayerinfo' + params = {'playerid': player_id} + url = base_url + endpoint + print("Getting player", player_name, player_id) + resp = requests.get(url, + headers=HEADERS, + params=params) + print(resp) + data = resp.json() + all_players[player_name] = data + +all_players = {} +players = [] + +start = time.time() +get_players(players) + +print("there are {} players".format(len(players))) +for id, name in players: + get_player(id, name) + +print("Done getting data: it took {:.2F} seconds".format(time.time() - start)) + +# write it out to a file +with open("NBA_stats.json", 'w') as outfile: + json.dump(all_players, outfile, indent=2) + +print("File written out") + diff --git a/_downloads/neo4j-developer-manual-3.3-python.pdf b/_downloads/neo4j-developer-manual-3.3-python.pdf new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7b0767eb Binary files /dev/null and b/_downloads/neo4j-developer-manual-3.3-python.pdf differ diff --git a/_downloads/object_canvas.py b/_downloads/object_canvas.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8c28631f --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/object_canvas.py @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +object canvas: an example of multiple inheritance and mix-ins + +This is a simplified version of FloatCanvas -- an extension to the +wxPython desktop GUI library + +FloatCanvas is a system for handling zoomable and scalable graphics in +a object-persistant way. That is, graphic objects like circles and +rectangles and what not can be created ahead of time, and then the Canvas +can render them accoding to the current zoom level and pan position, etc. + +This lets the user think about their graphics object should look like, +and not have to worry about exactly how to draw them -- or their pixel +coordinates, or anything else. + +If you want to see all this in all its full complexity, the FloatCanvas +code in part of the wxPython project, and can be seen here: + +https://github.com/wxWidgets/Phoenix/tree/master/wx/lib/floatcanvas + +This code: object_canvas is a simplified version. It doesn't allow scaling +or zooming, and only renders in pixel coordinates. But it does allow +object-persistance, and is a nice demo of the use of mixins. + +This version requires the Python Imaging Library to do the rendering. + +You can get it by installing the "pillow" package from PyPi: + +python -m pip install pillow + +Its docs are here: + +https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/4.3.x/index.html + +""" +from math import ceil + +from PIL import Image, ImageDraw + + +class ObjectCanvas(): + """ + An object-oriented canvas for drawing things + """ + + def __init__(self, + size=(500, 500), + background=(255, 255, 255, 0) + ): + self.size = size + self.draw_objects = [] + self.background = background + + def add_object(self, draw_object, position="top"): + #fixme: maybe overload the inplace addition operator? + """ + Add a new object to the canvas. + + :param: draw_object -- DrawObject to add + + :param position="top": Position to add the object. "top" puts + the object on top of teh other objects. + "bottom" puts them on the bottom of the stack. + A integer puts it in that place in the order + -- 0 is the bottom. + """ + if position == "top": + self.draw_objects.append(draw_object) + elif position == "bottom": + self.draw_objects.insert(0, draw_object) + else: + self.draw_objects.insert(position, draw_object) + + def render(self, filename): + """ + render the drawing to a file with the given name + """ + image = Image.new('RGBA', self.size, color=self.background) + drawer = ImageDraw.Draw(image) + + for do in self.draw_objects: + do.draw(drawer) + image.save(filename) + + +class DrawObject: + """ + base class for all draw objects + """ + + def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): + print("in DrawObject __init__", kwargs) + # do nothing, but to make super happy + super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) + + +class LineObject: + """ + mixin for classes with a line + """ + + def __init__(self, + line_color='black', + line_width=1, + **kwargs, + ): + print("in LineObject __init__", kwargs) + super().__init__(**kwargs) + self.line_color = line_color + self.line_width = line_width + + +class FillObject: + """ + mixin for classes with a fill + """ + + def __init__(self, + fill_color=None, + **kwargs + ): + print("in FillObject __init__", kwargs) + self.fill_color = fill_color + + +class PolyLine(DrawObject, LineObject): + def __init__(self, + vertices, + **kwargs + ): + self.vertices = vertices + print("in PolyLine init", kwargs) + super().__init__(**kwargs) + + def draw(self, drawer): + """ + draw the object + + :param drawer: PIL.ImageDraw object to draw to + """ + drawer.line(self.vertices, fill=self.line_color, width=self.line_width) + + +class Circle(DrawObject, LineObject, FillObject): + def __init__(self, center, diameter, **kwargs): + self.center = center + self.diameter = diameter + super().__init__(**kwargs) + + def draw(self, drawer): + """ + Draw the object + :param drawer: PIL.ImageDraw object to draw to + """ + r = self.diameter // 2 + c = self.center + # PIL doesn't support different line widths for ellipses, + # so we fake it. + lw2 = self.line_width / 2 + bounds = ((c[0] - r, c[1] - r), (c[0] + r, c[1] + r)) + drawer.ellipse(bounds, fill=self.fill_color, outline=None) + for i in range(int(ceil(lw2)), int(-lw2), -1): + r = self.diameter // 2 + i + bounds = ((c[0] - r, c[1] - r), (c[0] + r, c[1] + r)) + drawer.ellipse(bounds, fill=None, outline=self.line_color) + + + + + + diff --git a/_downloads/play_with_imports.py b/_downloads/play_with_imports.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..deaaf375 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/play_with_imports.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + +print('importing') + + +def my_decorator(func): + print('in my_decorator for: ', func.__name__) + def inner(): + print('in inner function') + func() + print('in inner after decorated function') + return inner + + +@my_decorator +def first_func(): + print('running first_func') + +@my_decorator +def other_func(): + print('running other_func') + +print('imports and loading done') + +if __name__ == '__main__': + print('run script') + other_func() diff --git a/_downloads/play_with_scope.py b/_downloads/play_with_scope.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a71292be --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/play_with_scope.py @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +""" +some example code to play with scope +""" + +def start_at(x): + def increment_by(y): + return x + y + return increment_by + +closure_1 = start_at(3) +closure_2 = start_at(5) +closure_1(2) +start_at(2)(4) + + +def make_um_counter(): + series = [] + def um_counter(new_word): + series.append(new_word) # free variable + count = 0 + for i in series: + if i == 'um': + count += 1 + return count + return um_counter + + +def make_um_counter2(): + count = 0 + + def um_counter2(new_word): + if new_word == 'um': + count += 1 + return count + return um_counter2 + + +# try using nonlocal: +def make_um_counter3(): + count = 0 + + def um_counter3(new_word): + nonlocal count + if new_word == 'um': + count += 1 + return count + return um_counter3 diff --git a/_downloads/properties_example.py b/_downloads/properties_example.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f70760e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/properties_example.py @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Example code for properties + +NOTE: if your getters and setters are this simple: don't do this! + +""" + + +class C: + def __init__(self): + self._x = None + @property + def x(self): + print("in getter") + return self._x + @x.setter + def x(self, value): + print("in setter", value) + self._x = value + @x.deleter + def x(self): + del self._x + +if __name__ == "__main__": + c = C() + c.x = 5 + print(c.x) + diff --git a/_downloads/property_ugly.py b/_downloads/property_ugly.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fe65f35e --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/property_ugly.py @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +class C: + """ + Property defined in about the most ugly way possible + """ + def __init__(self): + self._x = None + def x(self): + return self._x + x = property(x) + def _set_x(self, value): + self._x = value + x = x.setter(_set_x) + def _del_x(self): + del self._x + x = x.deleter(_del_x) + + diff --git a/_downloads/pytest_fixtures.py b/_downloads/pytest_fixtures.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..36d74349 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/pytest_fixtures.py @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +#!usr/bin/env python + +""" +example to show how fixtures work in pytest + +to run this and see the output: + +py.test -s -v pytest_fixtures.py +""" + +import pytest + + +@pytest.fixture +# with module-level scope +#@pytest.fixture(scope="module") +def example_fixture(): + """ + An example fixture that does nothing useful + + But does return an object you can use for testing + """ + print("I am running the fixture now") + return {"this": 3, + "that": 2} + + +# now use the fixture in a couple tests +def test_one(example_fixture): + print("running test_one") + assert example_fixture["this"] == 3 + + +def test_two(example_fixture): + print("running test_two") + assert example_fixture["that"] == 2 + +# with teardown: +@pytest.fixture(scope="module") +def example_fixture2(): + """ + An example fixture that does nothing useful + + But does return an object you can use for testing + """ + print("I am running the fixture now") + yield {"this": 3, + "that": 2} + print("and now I am running the teardown code") + + +# using the fixture with teardown: +def test_three(example_fixture2): + print("running test_three") + assert example_fixture2["this"] == 3 + + +def test_four(example_fixture2): + print("running test_four") + assert example_fixture2["this"] == 3 diff --git a/_downloads/quadratic.py b/_downloads/quadratic.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4b782230 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/quadratic.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +""" +A quaratic function evaluator + +used to demonstrate callable classes +""" + +class Quadratic: + """ + Class to evaluate quadratic equations + + Each instance wil have a certain set of coefficients + """ + + def __init__(self, A, B, C): + self.A = A + self.B = B + self.C = C + + def __call__(self, x): + return self.A * x**2 + self.B * x + self.C + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_downloads/race_condition.py b/_downloads/race_condition.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..49434eb1 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/race_condition.py @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +import threading +import time + + +# create a mutable object that is shared among threads +class shared: + val = 1 + + +def func(): + y = shared.val + time.sleep(0.00001) + y += 1 + shared.val = y + + +threads = [] +# with enough threads, there's sufficient overhead to +# cause a race condition +for i in range(100): + thread = threading.Thread(target=func) + threads.append(thread) + thread.start() + +for thread in threads: + thread.join() + +print(shared.val) + diff --git a/_downloads/raising_an_assert.py b/_downloads/raising_an_assert.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0ea86ea5 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/raising_an_assert.py @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +examples of forcing and an AssertionError +""" + + +def test_raise_assertion(): + raise AssertionError("this was done with a direct raise") + + +def test_trasditional_assert(): + assert False, "this was done with a forced assert" diff --git a/_downloads/run_html_render.py b/_downloads/run_html_render.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9608a65f --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/run_html_render.py @@ -0,0 +1,231 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +""" +a simple script can run and test your html rendering classes. + +Uncomment the steps as you add to your rendering. + +""" + +from io import StringIO + +# importing the html_rendering code with a short name for easy typing. +import html_render as hr + + +# writing the file out: +def render_page(page, filename, indent=None): + """ + render the tree of elements + + This uses StringIO to render to memory, then dump to console and + write to file -- very handy! + """ + + f = StringIO() + if indent is None: + page.render(f) + else: + page.render(f, indent) + + print(f.getvalue()) + with open(filename, 'w') as outfile: + outfile.write(f.getvalue()) + + +# Step 1 +######### + +page = hr.Element() + +page.append("Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, " + "but this is enough to show that we can do some text") + +page.append("And here is another piece of text -- you should be able to add any number") + +render_page(page, "test_html_output1.html") + +# The rest of the steps have been commented out. +# Uncomment them as you move along with the assignment. + +# ## Step 2 +# ########## + +# page = hr.Html() + +# body = hr.Body() + +# body.append(hr.P("Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, " +# "but this is enough to show that we can do some text")) + +# body.append(hr.P("And here is another piece of text -- you should be able to add any number")) + +# page.append(body) + +# render_page(page, "test_html_output2.html") + +# # Step 3 +# ########## + +# page = hr.Html() + +# head = hr.Head() +# head.append(hr.Title("PythonClass = Revision 1087:")) + +# page.append(head) + +# body = hr.Body() + +# body.append(hr.P("Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, " +# "but this is enough to show that we can do some text")) +# body.append(hr.P("And here is another piece of text -- you should be able to add any number")) + +# page.append(body) + +# render_page(page, "test_html_output3.html") + +# # Step 4 +# ########## + +# page = hr.Html() + +# head = hr.Head() +# head.append(hr.Title("PythonClass = Revision 1087:")) + +# page.append(head) + +# body = hr.Body() + +# body.append(hr.P("Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, " +# "but this is enough to show that we can do some text", +# style="text-align: center; font-style: oblique;")) + +# page.append(body) + +# render_page(page, "test_html_output4.html") + +# # Step 5 +# ######### + +# page = hr.Html() + +# head = hr.Head() +# head.append(hr.Title("PythonClass = Revision 1087:")) + +# page.append(head) + +# body = hr.Body() + +# body.append(hr.P("Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, " +# "but this is enough to show that we can do some text", +# style="text-align: center; font-style: oblique;")) + +# body.append(hr.Hr()) + +# page.append(body) + +# render_page(page, "test_html_output5.html") + +# # Step 6 +# ######### + +# page = hr.Html() + +# head = hr.Head() +# head.append(hr.Title("PythonClass = Revision 1087:")) + +# page.append(head) + +# body = hr.Body() + +# body.append(hr.P("Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, " +# "but this is enough to show that we can do some text", +# style="text-align: center; font-style: oblique;")) + +# body.append(hr.Hr()) + +# body.append("And this is a ") +# body.append( hr.A("http://google.com", "link") ) +# body.append("to google") + +# page.append(body) + +# render_page(page, "test_html_output6.html") + +# # Step 7 +# ######### + +# page = hr.Html() + +# head = hr.Head() +# head.append(hr.Title("PythonClass = Revision 1087:")) + +# page.append(head) + +# body = hr.Body() + +# body.append( hr.H(2, "PythonClass - Class 6 example") ) + +# body.append(hr.P("Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, " +# "but this is enough to show that we can do some text", +# style="text-align: center; font-style: oblique;")) + +# body.append(hr.Hr()) + +# list = hr.Ul(id="TheList", style="line-height:200%") + +# list.append( hr.Li("The first item in a list") ) +# list.append( hr.Li("This is the second item", style="color: red") ) + +# item = hr.Li() +# item.append("And this is a ") +# item.append( hr.A("http://google.com", "link") ) +# item.append("to google") + +# list.append(item) + +# body.append(list) + +# page.append(body) + +# render_page(page, "test_html_output7.html") + +# # Step 8 and 9 +# ############## + +# page = hr.Html() + + +# head = hr.Head() +# head.append( hr.Meta(charset="UTF-8") ) +# head.append(hr.Title("PythonClass = Revision 1087:")) + +# page.append(head) + +# body = hr.Body() + +# body.append( hr.H(2, "PythonClass - Example") ) + +# body.append(hr.P("Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, " +# "but this is enough to show that we can do some text", +# style="text-align: center; font-style: oblique;")) + +# body.append(hr.Hr()) + +# list = hr.Ul(id="TheList", style="line-height:200%") + +# list.append( hr.Li("The first item in a list") ) +# list.append( hr.Li("This is the second item", style="color: red") ) + +# item = hr.Li() +# item.append("And this is a ") +# item.append( hr.A("http://google.com", "link") ) +# item.append("to google") + +# list.append(item) + +# body.append(list) + +# page.append(body) + +# render_page(page, "test_html_output8.html") diff --git a/_downloads/sample_html.html b/_downloads/sample_html.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9c2e675d --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/sample_html.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + Python Class Sample page + + +

Python Class - Html rendering example

+

+ Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, but this is enough to show that we can do some text +

+
+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_downloads/series_template.py b/_downloads/series_template.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fb161d70 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/series_template.py @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +""" +a template for the series assignment +""" + + +def fibonacci(n): + """ compute the nth Fibonacci number """ + pass + + +def lucas(n): + """ compute the nth Lucas number """ + pass + + +def sum_series(n, n0=0, n1=1): + """ + compute the nth value of a summation series. + + :param n0=0: value of zeroth element in the series + :param n1=1: value of first element in the series + + This function should generalize the fibonacci() and the lucas(), + so that this function works for any first two numbers for a sum series. + Once generalized that way, sum_series(n, 0, 1) should be equivalent to fibonacci(n). + And sum_series(n, 2, 1) should be equivalent to lucas(n). + + sum_series(n, 3, 2) should generate antoehr series with no specific name + + The defaults are set to 0, 1, so if you don't pass in any values, you'll + get the fibonacci sercies + """ + pass + +if __name__ == "__main__": + # run some tests + assert fibonacci(0) == 0 + assert fibonacci(1) == 1 + assert fibonacci(2) == 1 + assert fibonacci(3) == 2 + assert fibonacci(4) == 3 + assert fibonacci(5) == 5 + assert fibonacci(6) == 8 + assert fibonacci(7) == 13 + + assert lucas(0) == 2 + assert lucas(1) == 1 + + assert lucas(4) == 7 + + # test that sum_series matches fibonacci + assert sum_series(5) == fibonacci(5) + assert sum_series(7, 0, 1) == fibonacci(7) + + # test if sum_series matched lucas + assert sum_series(5, 2, 1) == lucas(5) + + # test if sum_series works for arbitrary initial values + assert sum_series(0, 3, 2) == 3 + assert sum_series(1, 3, 2) == 2 + assert sum_series(2, 3, 2) == 5 + assert sum_series(3, 3, 2) == 7 + assert sum_series(4, 3, 2) == 12 + assert sum_series(5, 3, 2) == 19 + + print("tests passed") diff --git a/source/exercises/sherlock.txt b/_downloads/sherlock.txt similarity index 100% rename from source/exercises/sherlock.txt rename to _downloads/sherlock.txt diff --git a/source/exercises/sherlock_small.txt b/_downloads/sherlock_small.txt similarity index 100% rename from source/exercises/sherlock_small.txt rename to _downloads/sherlock_small.txt diff --git a/_downloads/simple_classes.py b/_downloads/simple_classes.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4f996061 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/simple_classes.py @@ -0,0 +1,111 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +""" +simple_classes.py + +demonstrating the basics of a class +""" + +import math + + +# create a point class +class Point: + def __init__(self, x, y): + self.x = x + self.y = y + +# create an instance of that class +p = Point(3, 4) + +# access the attributes +print("p.x is:", p.x) +print("p.y is:", p.y) + + +class Point2: + size = 4 + color = "red" + + def __init__(self, x, y): + self.x = x + self.y = y + +p2 = Point2(4, 5) +print(p2.size) +print(p2.color) + + +class Point3: + size = 4 + color = "red" + + def __init__(self, x, y): + self.x = x + self.y = y + + def get_color(self): + return self.color + + def get_size(self): + return self.size + +class Rect: + + def __init__(self, w, h): + self.w = w + self.h = h + + def get_size(self): + return self.w * self.h + + +p3 = Point3(4, 5) +print(p3.size) +print(p3.get_color()) + + +class Circle: + color = "red" + styles = ['dashed'] + + def __init__(self, diameter): + self.diameter = diameter + + def grow(self, factor=2): + """ + grows the circle's diameter + + :param factor=2: factor by which to grow the circle + """ + self.diameter = self.diameter * factor + + def add_style(self, style): + self.styles.append(style) + + def get_area(self): + return math.pi * self.diameter / 2.0 + + +class NewCircle(Circle): + color = "blue" + + def grow(self, factor=2): + """grows the area by factor...""" + self.diameter = self.diameter * math.sqrt(2) + +nc = NewCircle +print(nc.color) + + +class CircleR(Circle): + def __init__(self, radius): + diameter = radius*2 + Circle.__init__(self, diameter) + + +class CircleR2(Circle): + def __init__(self, radius): + self.radius = radius + + def get_area(self): + return Circle.get_area(self, self.radius*2) diff --git a/_downloads/simple_timer.py b/_downloads/simple_timer.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a7f4a9ed --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/simple_timer.py @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +Simple example of using a threading.Timer + +NOTE: The docstring is out of sync with the __init__! + I think it was inherited from the threading.Thread docstring. +""" + +import threading +import time +import random + + +def called_once(): + """ + this function is designed to be be called once in the future + """ + print("Hey! I just got called! It's now: {}".format(time.asctime())) + + +def called_later(count): + """ + This function is designed to run, and then set up a timer to call + itself at a random time in the future + + Note that it is limited to 10 invocations + Otherwise, there will always be a background + thread running that can not be easily killed + (at least on *nix -- Windows may let ^C kill it) + + Try hitting ^C early in the run... + """ + + print("Hey! I just got called for {}th time! It's now: {}" + .format(count, time.asctime())) + # this can trigger another invocation + interval = random.randint(1, 3) + count += 1 + if count < 10: + threading.Timer(interval=interval, + function=called_later, + args=(count,)).start() + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + # use the timer... + + # threading.Timer(interval=3, function=called_once).start() + # print("After starting the timer") + # print("it's now: {}".format(time.asctime())) + + called_later(0) + + # do some stuff: + for i in range(100): + print("{}: nothing important...".format(i)) + time.sleep(0.5) + + + + diff --git a/_downloads/singleton.py b/_downloads/singleton.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..890082b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/singleton.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +""" +example of using __metaclass__ to impliment the singleton pattern +""" + + +class Singleton(type): + instance = None + + def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs): + if cls.instance is None: + cls.instance = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs) + return cls.instance + + +class MyClass(metaclass=Singleton): + pass + +object1 = MyClass() +object2 = MyClass() + +print(id(object1)) +print(id(object2)) diff --git a/_downloads/sort_key.py b/_downloads/sort_key.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e10df5a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/sort_key.py @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +""" +demonstration of defining a sort_key method for sorting +""" + +import random +import time + + +class Simple: + """ + simple class to demonstrate a simple sorting key method + """ + + def __init__(self, val): + self.val = val + + def sort_key(self): + """ + sorting key function --used to pass in to sort functions + to get faster sorting + + Example:: + + sorted(list_of_simple_objects, key=Simple.sort_key) + + """ + return self.val + + def __lt__(self, other): + """ + less than --required for regular sorting + """ + return self.val < other.val + + def __repr__(self): + return "Simple({})".format(self.val) + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + N = 10000 + a_list = [Simple(random.randint(0, 10000)) for i in range(N)] + # print("Before sorting:", a_list) + + print("Timing for {} items".format(N)) + start = time.clock() + sorted(a_list) + reg_time = time.clock() - start + print("regular sort took: {:.4g}s".format(reg_time)) + + start = time.clock() + sorted(a_list, key=Simple.sort_key) + key_time = time.clock() - start + print("key sort took: {:.4g}s".format(key_time)) + + print("performance improvement factor: {:.4f}".format((reg_time / key_time))) diff --git a/_downloads/students.txt b/_downloads/students.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a85853a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/students.txt @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +Name: Nickname, languages +Swift, Taylor: python, java, perl +Swift, Samuel: Sam +Brooks, Garth: fortran, java, matlab, bash +Buble, Michael: python, powershell +Stefani, Gwen: c#, javascript, python, typescript +Gaye, Marvin: c++, java +Jagger, Michael: Mick, shell, python +Lennon, John: +Nelson, Willy: python, java +McCartney, Paul: nothing +Dylan, Bob: java, python, ruby +Springsteen, Bruce: c++, python +Jackson, Michael: java, c#, python +Berry, Charles: Chuck c++, matlab, +Wonder, Steven: Stevie, c, perl, java, erlang, python +Nicks, Stevie: java, perl, c#, c++, python +Turner, Tina: bash, python +Plant, Robert: Bob, bash, python, ansible +Townshend, Peter: Pete, c#, powershell, python, sql +Moon, Keith: python, r, visualbasic +Mitchell, Joni: php, mysql, python +Ramone, John: Johnny, rex, db +King, Carol: r +Waters, Muddy: perl, python +Star, Richard: Ringo, shell, python, vb +Smith, Patricia: Patti, python +Morrison, Jim: fortran, perl, sql, python +Marley, Robert: Bob, c, c++, lisp +Simon, Paul: bash, python, sql +Charles, Ray: Chuck, java, python diff --git a/_downloads/super_test.py b/_downloads/super_test.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0a73e93f --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/super_test.py @@ -0,0 +1,264 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python3 + +""" +Some example code demonstrating some super() behaviour +""" + +# Define a multiple inheritance scheme: +class A(): + def __init__(self): + print("in A __init__") + print("self's class is:", self.__class__) + s = super().__init__() + + +class B(): + def __init__(self): + print("in B.__init__") + s = super().__init__() + + +class C(): + def __init__(self): + print("in C.__init__") + s = super().__init__() + + +class D(C, B, A): + def __init__(self): + print("self's class is:", self.__class__) + super().__init__() + +# print our D's method resoluton order +# Is it what you expect? +print("\nD's mro:") +print( D.__mro__) +# see what happens when you create a D object: +print("\ninitializing a D object:") +d = D() + + +# ## super's parameters +# To do its thing, super() needs to know two things: +# +# ``super(type, obj)`` +# +# It needs to know that type (class) that you want the super-classes of, +# AND it needs to know the actual object instance at the time it is called. +# +# python3 fills these in for you at run time, but in python2, you needed to +# specify them: +# +# ``` +# class A(object): +# def __init__(self): +# super(A, self).__init__() +# ``` +# +# But why do you need BOTH `A` and `self`? -- isn't `self` an instance of `A`? +# +# Not neccesarily -- if A's method is being called from a subclass, then +# `self` will be an instance of the subclass. `super()` requires that the object be an instance of the class (or a subclass). +# +# This distiction will come up later.... +# +# Again, py3 takes care of this for you, though you CAN still spell it out. + +# see what you get with super by itself: +s_c = super(C, d) +print("\n the super object of super(C, d) itself") +print(s_c) + + +# This works because `d` is a `D` object, which is a subclass of `C`. + +# create a C instance: +c = C() + +# and try to create a super with the missmatch +print("\n the super object of super(D, c)") +try: + super(D, c) +except TypeError as err: + print(err) +# But this gives a TypeError: `C` is NOT a subclass of `D` + +# it doesn't have to be an exact intance, jsust a subclass: + +print("\n the super object of super(A, d)") +s_a = super(A, d) +print(s_a) + + +print("\n the super object of super(B, d)") +s_b = super(B, d) +print(s_b) + +print("\nD inherits from both A and B, so that worked...") + +print("\nD's MRO:") +print(D.__mro__) + + +# An Example of why you want to use super() everywhere. + +# Classes without super() + +class A(): + def this(self): + print("in A.this") + +class B(): + def this(self): + print("in B.this") + +class C(A,B): + def this(self): + print("in C.this") + A.this(self) + B.this(self) + +print("\nRunning without super()") +print("Creating a C instance without super() -- and calling it's this method:") +c = C() +c.this() + +print("C's `this` explicitly called both A and B's methods -- so they all get called.") + +# Using super in just C: + +print("\n using super() in C, but not everywhere...") + +class A(): + def this(self): + print("in A.this") + +class B(A): + def this(self): + print("in B.this") + +class C(B): + def this(self): + print("in C.this") + super().this() + + +print("\n C's MRO") +print(C.__mro__) + +print("\ncreating a C instance and calling it's this() method:") +c = C() +c.this() + +print("**NOTE: `A.this` did NOT get called!") + +# **Note:** `A.this` did NOT get called! +# +# Even though it is in in the MRO. +# +# Python stopped when it found the method in B. + +# ### Using super everywhere: + +print("using super everywhere:") + +class Base(): + def this(self): + pass # just so there is a base that has the method + +class A(Base): + def this(self): + print("in A.this") + super().this() + +class B(Base): + def this(self): + print("in B.this") + super().this() +class C(A,B): + def this(self): + print("in C.this") + super().this() + + +print("\nnow create a C instance and call its this() method:") +c = C() +c.this() + +print("Now both A and B's methods get called -- probably what you want.") + +print("\nAnd the MRO of the base class") +print(Base.__mro__) + +# But if you don't want both called -- better to just be Explicit, rather than use super(): + +class Base(): + def this(self): + pass # just so there is a base that has the method + +class A(Base): + def this(self): + print("in A.this") + super().this() + +class B(Base): + def this(self): + print("in B.this") + super().this() + +class C(A,B): + def this(self): + print("in C.this") + A.this(self) + +print("\nIf you want total control of what methods get called --don't use super" + "and be explicit") + +c = C() +c.this() + + +print("**Whoa** -- A and B's method DID get called! -- why?") + +print("A's MRO:") +print(A.__mro__) + + +print("B is not there") + +print("\nBut if we print the class of each instance when this() is called") + +class Base(): + def this(self): + pass # just so there is a base that has the method + +class A(Base): + def this(self): + print("in A.this") + print("self's class in A's this method:", self.__class__) + super().this() + +class B(Base): + def this(self): + print("in B.this") + super().this() + +class C(A,B): + def this(self): + print("in C.this") + A.this(self) + + +print("and create a c instance and call this():") +c = C() +c.this() + +print("In A's this method -- self is a C object") + +print("C's MRO:") +print(C.__mro__) + +print("\nRemember, `super()` is dynamic -- what it calls is determined at run time.") +print("That's how it knows to call ``B``'s method too.") +print("Which is why we say that using `super()` is *part* of the interface of" + "the class.") diff --git a/_downloads/test_address_book_mongo.py b/_downloads/test_address_book_mongo.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..83d714be --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/test_address_book_mongo.py @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python + +""" +test code for the mongo specific addressbook model +remember to start mongo database first + +$ mongod --dbpath=mongo_data/ +""" + +import pytest + +import address_book_mongo as model + + +@pytest.fixture +def chris(): + chris = model.Person(last_name='Barker', + first_name='Chris', + middle_name='H', + cell_phone='(123) 555-7890', + email='PythonCHB@gmail.com', + ) + return chris + + +@pytest.fixture +def fred(): + fred = model.Person(last_name='Jones', + first_name='Fred', + middle_name='B', + cell_phone='(123) 555-7890', + email='FredJones@gmail.com', + ) + return fred + + +def test_person_to_dict(chris): + dct = chris.to_dict() + + assert dct['last_name'] == "Barker" + assert dct['email'] == 'PythonCHB@gmail.com' + + +def test_person_to_from_dict(chris): + + dct = chris.to_dict() + chris2 = model.Person.from_dict(dct) + + print(chris2) + + assert chris2.last_name == 'Barker' + assert chris2.first_name == 'Chris' + assert chris2.middle_name == 'H' + assert chris2.cell_phone == '(123) 555-7890' + assert chris2.email == 'PythonCHB@gmail.com' + + +def test_household_to_dict(chris): + home = model.Household(name="The Barkers", + people=(chris,), + address=model.Address(line_1='123 Some St', + line_2='Apt 1234', + city='Seattle', + state='WA', + zip_code='98000',), + phone='123-456-8762', + ) + + home_dct = home.to_dict() + + assert home_dct['name'] == "The Barkers" + assert home_dct['address']['city'] == 'Seattle' + + +def test_household_to_dict_to_object(chris, fred): + + home = model.Household(name="The Barkers", + people=(chris, fred), + address=model.Address(line_1='123 Some St', + line_2='Apt 1234', + city='Seattle', + state='WA', + zip_code='98000',), + phone='123-456-8762', + ) + + home2 = model.Household.from_dict(home.to_dict()) + + assert home2.name == home.name + assert home2.phone == home.phone + assert home2.address.line_1 == home.address.line_1 + assert home2.address.line_2 == home.address.line_2 + assert home2.people == home.people diff --git a/_downloads/test_calculator_pytest.py b/_downloads/test_calculator_pytest.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0482978a --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/test_calculator_pytest.py @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +#!/use/bin/env python + +""" +tests for the calculator module + +designed to be run with pytest +""" + +import pytest + +import calculator_functions as calc + + +# a very simple test +def test_add(): + assert calc.add(2, 3) == 5 + + +# testing with a variety of parameters: +def test_multiply_ugly(): + """ + the ugly, not very robust way.... + """ + assert calc.multiply(2, 2) == 4 + assert calc.multiply(2, -1) == -2 + assert calc.multiply(-2, -3) == 6 + assert calc.multiply(3, 0) == 0 + assert calc.multiply(0, 3) == 0 + + +param_names = "arg1, arg2, result" +params = [(2, 2, 4), + (2, -1, -2), + (-2, -2, 4), + (3, 0, 0), + ] +@pytest.mark.parametrize(param_names, params) +def test_multiply(arg1, arg2, result): + assert calc.multiply(arg1, arg2) == result diff --git a/_downloads/test_generator.py b/_downloads/test_generator.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..06409e6f --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/test_generator.py @@ -0,0 +1,61 @@ +""" +test_generator.py + +tests the solution to the generator lab + +can be run with pytest +""" + +import generator_solution as gen + + +def test_intsum(): + + g = gen.intsum() + + assert next(g) == 0 + assert next(g) == 1 + assert next(g) == 3 + assert next(g) == 6 + assert next(g) == 10 + assert next(g) == 15 + + +def test_intsum2(): + + g = gen.intsum2() + + assert next(g) == 0 + assert next(g) == 1 + assert next(g) == 3 + assert next(g) == 6 + assert next(g) == 10 + assert next(g) == 15 + + +def test_doubler(): + + g = gen.doubler() + + assert next(g) == 1 + assert next(g) == 2 + assert next(g) == 4 + assert next(g) == 8 + assert next(g) == 16 + assert next(g) == 32 + + for i in range(10): + j = next(g) + + assert j == 2**15 + + +def test_fib(): + g = gen.fib() + assert [next(g) for i in range(9)] == [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34] + + +def test_prime(): + g = gen.prime() + for val in [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97]: + assert next(g) == val diff --git a/_downloads/test_html_output2.html b/_downloads/test_html_output2.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4908a122 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/test_html_output2.html @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + + +

+Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, but this is enough to show that we can do some text +

+

+And here is another piece of text -- you should be able to add any number +

+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_downloads/test_html_output3.html b/_downloads/test_html_output3.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3e19aa10 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/test_html_output3.html @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + + +PythonClass = Revision 1087: + + +

+Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, but this is enough to show that we can do some text +

+

+And here is another piece of text -- you should be able to add any number +

+ + diff --git a/_downloads/test_html_output4.html b/_downloads/test_html_output4.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5846b22f --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/test_html_output4.html @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + + +PythonClass = Revision 1087: + + +

+Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, but this is enough to show that we can do some text +

+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_downloads/test_html_output5.html b/_downloads/test_html_output5.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e7efbfc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/test_html_output5.html @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + + +PythonClass = Revision 1087: + + +

+Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, but this is enough to show that we can do some text +

+
+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_downloads/test_html_output6.html b/_downloads/test_html_output6.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..407a87f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/test_html_output6.html @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + + +PythonClass = Revision 1087: + + +

+Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, but this is enough to show that we can do some text +

+
+And this is a +link +to google + + diff --git a/_downloads/test_html_output7.html b/_downloads/test_html_output7.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..19cfc412 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/test_html_output7.html @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + +PythonClass = Revision 1087: + + +

PythonClass - Class 6 example

+

+Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, but this is enough to show that we can do some text +

+
+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_downloads/test_html_output8.html b/_downloads/test_html_output8.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3ae18415 --- /dev/null +++ b/_downloads/test_html_output8.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + +PythonClass = Revision 1087: + + +

PythonClass - Class 6 example

+

+Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, but this is enough to show that we can do some text +

+
+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/source/exercises/sample_html.html b/_downloads/test_html_output9.html similarity index 89% rename from source/exercises/sample_html.html rename to _downloads/test_html_output9.html index f2687e95..05dfff23 100644 --- a/source/exercises/sample_html.html +++ b/_downloads/test_html_output9.html @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@

PythonClass - Class 6 example

Here is a paragraph of text -- there could be more of them, but this is enough to show that we can do some text

-