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‎README.md

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# PythonDataScienceHandbook
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Supplemental materials for my OReilly project, the Python Data Science Handbook
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## Code Listings
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All the code from the book can be found in [code_listings](code_listings).
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The code is in IPython notebooks, organized by book chapter and section.
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## Figure Appendix
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Nearly every figure used in the book was generated using Matplotlib.
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Most figures are generated by the code within the text; those few that are not
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can be found in the online-only [Figure Appendix](figure_appendix/06.00-Figure-Code.ipynb)
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## Full Notebooks
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I am still negotiating with OReilly the open publication of the full manuscript in the form of Jupyter notebooks. Stay tuned!
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## License
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The code here is released under the [MIT license](LICENSE). Read more at the [Open Source Initiative](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).

‎code_listings/01.06-Errors-and-Debugging.ipynb

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{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Errors and Debugging"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 1,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": false
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"def func1(a, b):\n",
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" return a / b\n",
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"\n",
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"def func2(x):\n",
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" a = x\n",
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" b = x - 1\n",
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" return func1(a, b)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 2,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": false
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"ename": "ZeroDivisionError",
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"evalue": "division by zero",
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"output_type": "error",
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"traceback": [
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"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mZeroDivisionError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
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"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-2-b2e110f6fc8f>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mfunc2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
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"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-1-d849e34d61fb>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mfunc2\u001b[0;34m(x)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 5\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 6\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m-\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 7\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
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"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-1-d849e34d61fb>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mfunc1\u001b[0;34m(a, b)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m/\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m 3\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 4\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 5\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0;31mZeroDivisionError\u001b[0m: division by zero"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"func2(1)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 3,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": false
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Exception reporting mode: Plain\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"%xmode Plain"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 4,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": false
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"ename": "ZeroDivisionError",
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"evalue": "division by zero",
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"output_type": "error",
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"traceback": [
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"Traceback \u001b[0;36m(most recent call last)\u001b[0m:\n",
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" File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-4-b2e110f6fc8f>\"\u001b[0m, line \u001b[1;32m1\u001b[0m, in \u001b[1;35m<module>\u001b[0m\n func2(1)\n",
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" File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-1-d849e34d61fb>\"\u001b[0m, line \u001b[1;32m7\u001b[0m, in \u001b[1;35mfunc2\u001b[0m\n return func1(a, b)\n",
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"\u001b[0;36m File \u001b[0;32m\"<ipython-input-1-d849e34d61fb>\"\u001b[0;36m, line \u001b[0;32m2\u001b[0;36m, in \u001b[0;35mfunc1\u001b[0;36m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31m return a / b\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0;31mZeroDivisionError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;31m:\u001b[0m division by zero\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"func2(1)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 5,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": false
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Exception reporting mode: Verbose\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"%xmode Verbose"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 6,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": false
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"ename": "ZeroDivisionError",
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"evalue": "division by zero",
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"output_type": "error",
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"traceback": [
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"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mZeroDivisionError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
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"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-6-b2e110f6fc8f>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mfunc2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36mglobal\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36mfunc2\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m= <function func2 at 0x103729320>\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-1-d849e34d61fb>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mfunc2\u001b[0;34m(x=1)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 5\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 6\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m-\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 7\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36mglobal\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36mfunc1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m= <function func1 at 0x1037294d0>\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\n \u001b[0m\u001b[0;36ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m= 1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\n \u001b[0m\u001b[0;36mb\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m= 0\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-1-d849e34d61fb>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mfunc1\u001b[0;34m(a=1, b=0)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m/\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m= 1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\n \u001b[0m\u001b[0;36mb\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m= 0\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 3\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 4\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 5\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0;31mZeroDivisionError\u001b[0m: division by zero"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"func2(1)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 7,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": false
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"> \u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-1-d849e34d61fb>\u001b[0m(2)\u001b[0;36mfunc1\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0;32m 1 \u001b[0;31m\u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m----> 2 \u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m/\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 3 \u001b[0;31m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\n",
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"ipdb> print(a)\n",
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"1\n",
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"ipdb> print(b)\n",
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"0\n",
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"ipdb> quit\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"%debug"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 8,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": false
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"> \u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-1-d849e34d61fb>\u001b[0m(2)\u001b[0;36mfunc1\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0;32m 1 \u001b[0;31m\u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m----> 2 \u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m/\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 3 \u001b[0;31m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\n",
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"ipdb> up\n",
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"> \u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-1-d849e34d61fb>\u001b[0m(7)\u001b[0;36mfunc2\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0;32m 5 \u001b[0;31m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 6 \u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m-\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m----> 7 \u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\n",
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"ipdb> print(x)\n",
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"1\n",
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"ipdb> up\n",
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"> \u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-6-b2e110f6fc8f>\u001b[0m(1)\u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0;32m----> 1 \u001b[0;31m\u001b[0mfunc2\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\n",
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"ipdb> down\n",
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"> \u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-1-d849e34d61fb>\u001b[0m(7)\u001b[0;36mfunc2\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0;32m 5 \u001b[0;31m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 6 \u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mx\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m-\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m----> 7 \u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\n",
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"ipdb> quit\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"%debug"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 9,
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"metadata": {
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"collapsed": false
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Exception reporting mode: Plain\n",
219+
"Automatic pdb calling has been turned ON\n"
220+
]
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},
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{
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"ename": "ZeroDivisionError",
224+
"evalue": "division by zero",
225+
"output_type": "error",
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"traceback": [
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"Traceback \u001b[0;36m(most recent call last)\u001b[0m:\n",
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" File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-9-569a67d2d312>\"\u001b[0m, line \u001b[1;32m3\u001b[0m, in \u001b[1;35m<module>\u001b[0m\n func2(1)\n",
229+
" File \u001b[1;32m\"<ipython-input-1-d849e34d61fb>\"\u001b[0m, line \u001b[1;32m7\u001b[0m, in \u001b[1;35mfunc2\u001b[0m\n return func1(a, b)\n",
230+
"\u001b[0;36m File \u001b[0;32m\"<ipython-input-1-d849e34d61fb>\"\u001b[0;36m, line \u001b[0;32m2\u001b[0;36m, in \u001b[0;35mfunc1\u001b[0;36m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31m return a / b\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0;31mZeroDivisionError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;31m:\u001b[0m division by zero\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"> \u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-1-d849e34d61fb>\u001b[0m(2)\u001b[0;36mfunc1\u001b[0;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0;32m 1 \u001b[0;31m\u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfunc1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0ma\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m----> 2 \u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0ma\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m/\u001b[0m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m 3 \u001b[0;31m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
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"\u001b[0m\n",
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"ipdb> print(b)\n",
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"0\n",
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"ipdb> quit\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"%xmode Plain\n",
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"%pdb on\n",
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"func2(1)"
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]
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}
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],
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"metadata": {
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"kernelspec": {
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"display_name": "Python 3",
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"language": "python",
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"name": "python3"
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},
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"language_info": {
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"codemirror_mode": {
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"name": "ipython",
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"version": 3
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},
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"file_extension": ".py",
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"mimetype": "text/x-python",
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"name": "python",
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"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
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"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
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"version": "3.5.1"
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}
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},
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"nbformat": 4,
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"nbformat_minor": 0
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}

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