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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../recipes/recipes_index.html">๋ชจ๋ ๋ ์ํผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ</a></li>
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๋ ์ํผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ</a></li>
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<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">ํ์ดํ ์น(PyTorch) ์์ํ๊ธฐ</span></p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/basics/intro.html">ํ์ดํ ์น(PyTorch) ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ตํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/basics/quickstart_tutorial.html">๋น ๋ฅธ ์์(Quickstart)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/basics/tensorqs_tutorial.html">ํ
์(Tensor)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/basics/data_tutorial.html">Dataset๊ณผ DataLoader</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/basics/transforms_tutorial.html">๋ณํ(Transform)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/basics/buildmodel_tutorial.html">์ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์ฑํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/basics/autogradqs_tutorial.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">torch.autograd</span></code>๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์๋ ๋ฏธ๋ถ</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/introyt/introyt1_tutorial.html">PyTorch ์๊ฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/introyt/tensors_deeper_tutorial.html">Pytorch Tensor ์๊ฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/introyt/autogradyt_tutorial.html">The Fundamentals of Autograd</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/introyt/modelsyt_tutorial.html">Building Models with PyTorch</a></li>
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<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">ํ์ดํ ์น(PyTorch) ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/deep_learning_60min_blitz.html">PyTorch๋ก ๋ฅ๋ฌ๋ํ๊ธฐ: 60๋ถ๋ง์ ๋์ฅ๋ด๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/pytorch_with_examples.html">์์ ๋ก ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๋ ํ์ดํ ์น(PyTorch)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/nn_tutorial.html"><cite>torch.nn</cite> ์ด <em>์ค์ ๋ก</em> ๋ฌด์์ธ๊ฐ์?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/tensorboard_tutorial.html">TensorBoard๋ก ๋ชจ๋ธ, ๋ฐ์ดํฐ, ํ์ต ์๊ฐํํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">์ด๋ฏธ์ง/๋น๋์ค</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/torchvision_tutorial.html">TorchVision Object Detection Finetuning Tutorial</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/transfer_learning_tutorial.html">์ปดํจํฐ ๋น์ (Vision)์ ์ํ ์ ์ดํ์ต(Transfer Learning)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/fgsm_tutorial.html">์ ๋์ ์์ ์์ฑ(Adversarial Example Generation)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/dcgan_faces_tutorial.html">DCGAN ํํ ๋ฆฌ์ผ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/vt_tutorial.html">๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์ํด ๋น์ ํธ๋์คํฌ๋จธ(Vision Transformer) ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ต์ ํํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/tiatoolbox_tutorial.html">Whole Slide Image Classification Using PyTorch and TIAToolbox</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">์ค๋์ค</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/audio_io_tutorial.html">Audio I/O</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/audio_resampling_tutorial.html">Audio Resampling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/audio_data_augmentation_tutorial.html">Audio Data Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/audio_feature_extractions_tutorial.html">Audio Feature Extractions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/audio_feature_augmentation_tutorial.html">Audio Feature Augmentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/audio_datasets_tutorial.html">Audio Datasets</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/speech_recognition_pipeline_tutorial.html">Speech Recognition with Wav2Vec2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/text_to_speech_with_torchaudio.html">Text-to-speech with Tacotron2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/forced_alignment_with_torchaudio_tutorial.html">wav2vec2์ ์ด์ฉํ ๊ฐ์ ์ ๋ ฌ</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">ํ
์คํธ</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/bettertransformer_tutorial.html">Fast Transformer Inference with Better Transformer</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/char_rnn_classification_tutorial.html">๊ธฐ์ด๋ถํฐ ์์ํ๋ NLP: ๋ฌธ์-๋จ์ RNN์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฆ ๋ถ๋ฅํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/char_rnn_generation_tutorial.html">๊ธฐ์ด๋ถํฐ ์์ํ๋ NLP: ๋ฌธ์-๋จ์ RNN์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฆ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/seq2seq_translation_tutorial.html">๊ธฐ์ด๋ถํฐ ์์ํ๋ NLP: Sequence to Sequence ๋คํธ์ํฌ์ Attention์ ์ด์ฉํ ๋ฒ์ญ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/text_sentiment_ngrams_tutorial.html">torchtext ๋ผ์ด๋ธ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ก ํ
์คํธ ๋ถ๋ฅํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/translation_transformer.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nn.Transformer</span></code> ์ torchtext๋ก ์ธ์ด ๋ฒ์ญํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/torchtext_custom_dataset_tutorial.html">Preprocess custom text dataset using Torchtext</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">๋ฐฑ์๋</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/onnx/intro_onnx.html">Introduction to ONNX</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">๊ฐํํ์ต</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/reinforcement_q_learning.html">๊ฐํ ํ์ต (DQN) ํํ ๋ฆฌ์ผ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/reinforcement_ppo.html">Reinforcement Learning (PPO) with TorchRL Tutorial</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/mario_rl_tutorial.html">๋ง๋ฆฌ์ค ๊ฒ์ RL ์์ด์ ํธ๋ก ํ์ตํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pendulum.html">Pendulum: Writing your environment and transforms with TorchRL</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">PyTorch ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ํ๋ก๋์
ํ๊ฒฝ์ ๋ฐฐํฌํ๊ธฐ</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/onnx/intro_onnx.html">Introduction to ONNX</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/flask_rest_api_tutorial.html">Flask๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ Python์์ PyTorch๋ฅผ REST API๋ก ๋ฐฐํฌํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/Intro_to_TorchScript_tutorial.html">TorchScript ์๊ฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="cpp_export.html">C++์์ TorchScript ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ก๋ฉํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="super_resolution_with_onnxruntime.html">(์ ํ) PyTorch ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ONNX์ผ๋ก ๋ณํํ๊ณ ONNX ๋ฐํ์์์ ์คํํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/realtime_rpi.html">Raspberry Pi 4 ์์ ์ค์๊ฐ ์ถ๋ก (Inference) (30fps!)</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">PyTorch ํ๋กํ์ผ๋ง</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/profiler.html">PyTorch ๋ชจ๋ ํ๋กํ์ผ๋งํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/hta_intro_tutorial.html">Introduction to Holistic Trace Analysis</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/hta_trace_diff_tutorial.html">Trace Diff using Holistic Trace Analysis</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Code Transforms with FX</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/fx_conv_bn_fuser.html">(๋ฒ ํ) FX์์ ํฉ์ฑ๊ณฑ/๋ฐฐ์น ์ ๊ทํ(Convolution/Batch Norm) ๊ฒฐํฉ๊ธฐ(Fuser) ๋ง๋ค๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/fx_profiling_tutorial.html">(beta) Building a Simple CPU Performance Profiler with FX</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">ํ๋ก ํธ์๋ API</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/memory_format_tutorial.html">(๋ฒ ํ) PyTorch๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ Channels Last ๋ฉ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ํ์</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/forward_ad_usage.html">Forward-mode Automatic Differentiation (Beta)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/jacobians_hessians.html">Jacobians, Hessians, hvp, vhp, and more: composing function transforms</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/ensembling.html">๋ชจ๋ธ ์์๋ธ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/per_sample_grads.html">Per-sample-gradients</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="cpp_frontend.html">PyTorch C++ ํ๋ก ํธ์๋ ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="torch-script-parallelism.html">TorchScript์ ๋์ ๋ณ๋ ฌ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ(Dynamic Parallelism)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="cpp_autograd.html">C++ ํ๋ก ํธ์๋์ ์๋ ๋ฏธ๋ถ (autograd)</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">PyTorch ํ์ฅํ๊ธฐ</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/custom_function_double_backward_tutorial.html">Double Backward with Custom Functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/custom_function_conv_bn_tutorial.html">Fusing Convolution and Batch Norm using Custom Function</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="cpp_extension.html">Custom C++ and CUDA Extensions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="torch_script_custom_ops.html">Extending TorchScript with Custom C++ Operators</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="torch_script_custom_classes.html">์ปค์คํ
C++ ํด๋์ค๋ก TorchScript ํ์ฅํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dispatcher.html">Registering a Dispatched Operator in C++</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="extend_dispatcher.html">Extending dispatcher for a new backend in C++</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="privateuseone.html">Facilitating New Backend Integration by PrivateUse1</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">๋ชจ๋ธ ์ต์ ํ</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/profiler.html">PyTorch ๋ชจ๋ ํ๋กํ์ผ๋งํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/tensorboard_profiler_tutorial.html">ํ
์๋ณด๋๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ ํ์ดํ ์น ํ๋กํ์ผ๋ฌ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/hyperparameter_tuning_tutorial.html">Ray Tune์ ์ฌ์ฉํ ํ์ดํผํ๋ผ๋ฏธํฐ ํ๋</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/vt_tutorial.html">๋ฐฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์ํด ๋น์ ํธ๋์คํฌ๋จธ(Vision Transformer) ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ต์ ํํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/parametrizations.html">Parametrizations Tutorial</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/pruning_tutorial.html">๊ฐ์ง์น๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ(Pruning) ํํ ๋ฆฌ์ผ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dynamic_quantization_tutorial.html">(๋ฒ ํ) LSTM ๊ธฐ๋ฐ ๋จ์ด ๋จ์ ์ธ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๋์ ์์ํ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/dynamic_quantization_bert_tutorial.html">(๋ฒ ํ) BERT ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋์ ์์ํํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/quantized_transfer_learning_tutorial.html">(๋ฒ ํ) ์ปดํจํฐ ๋น์ ํํ ๋ฆฌ์ผ์ ์ํ ์์ํ๋ ์ ์ดํ์ต(Quantized Transfer Learning)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="static_quantization_tutorial.html">(๋ฒ ํ) PyTorch์์ Eager Mode๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ ์ ์ ์์ํ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/torchserve_with_ipex.html">Grokking PyTorch Intel CPU performance from first principles</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/torchserve_with_ipex_2.html">Grokking PyTorch Intel CPU performance from first principles (Part 2)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/nvfuser_intro_tutorial.html">Getting Started - Accelerate Your Scripts with nvFuser</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/ax_multiobjective_nas_tutorial.html">Multi-Objective NAS with Ax</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/torch_compile_tutorial.html">Introduction to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">torch.compile</span></code></a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/inductor_debug_cpu.html">Inductor CPU backend debugging and profiling</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/scaled_dot_product_attention_tutorial.html">(Beta) Scaled Dot Product Attention (SDPA)๋ก ๊ณ ์ฑ๋ฅ ํธ๋์คํฌ๋จธ(Transformers) ๊ตฌํํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/scaled_dot_product_attention_tutorial.html#torch-compile-sdpa"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">torch.compile</span></code> ๊ณผ ํจ๊ป SDPA ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/scaled_dot_product_attention_tutorial.html#sdpa-atteition-bias">SDPA๋ฅผ <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">atteition.bias</span></code> ํ์ ํด๋์ค์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/scaled_dot_product_attention_tutorial.html#id8">๊ฒฐ๋ก </a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/knowledge_distillation_tutorial.html">Knowledge Distillation Tutorial</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">๋ณ๋ ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ์ฐ ํ์ต</span></p>
<ul class="current">
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../distributed/home.html">Distributed and Parallel Training Tutorials</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/dist_overview.html">PyTorch Distributed Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/ddp_series_intro.html">Distributed Data Parallel in PyTorch - Video Tutorials</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/model_parallel_tutorial.html">๋จ์ผ ๋จธ์ ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ณ๋ ฌํ ๋ชจ๋ฒ ์ฌ๋ก</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/ddp_tutorial.html">๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณ๋ ฌ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ ์์ํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/dist_tuto.html">PyTorch๋ก ๋ถ์ฐ ์ดํ๋ฆฌ์ผ์ด์
๊ฐ๋ฐํ๊ธฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/FSDP_tutorial.html">Getting Started with Fully Sharded Data Parallel(FSDP)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/FSDP_adavnced_tutorial.html">Advanced Model Training with Fully Sharded Data Parallel (FSDP)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/TP_tutorial.html">Large Scale Transformer model training with Tensor Parallel (TP)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/process_group_cpp_extension_tutorial.html">Cpp ํ์ฅ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ ํ๋ก์ธ์ค ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋ฐฑ์๋ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ์ ์</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/rpc_tutorial.html">Getting Started with Distributed RPC Framework</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/rpc_param_server_tutorial.html">Implementing a Parameter Server Using Distributed RPC Framework</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/dist_pipeline_parallel_tutorial.html">Distributed Pipeline Parallelism Using RPC</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/rpc_async_execution.html">Implementing Batch RPC Processing Using Asynchronous Executions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณ๋ ฌ(DDP)๊ณผ ๋ถ์ฐ RPC ํ๋ ์์ํฌ ๊ฒฐํฉ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="ddp_pipeline.html">๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณ๋ ฌ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ณ๋ ฌ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ ํ์ดํ๋ผ์ธ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ ํธ๋์คํฌ๋จธ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ์ต</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="generic_join.html">Distributed Training with Uneven Inputs Using the Join Context Manager</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Edge with ExecuTorch</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/executorch/stable/tutorials/export-to-executorch-tutorial.html">Exporting to ExecuTorch Tutorial</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href=" https://pytorch.org/executorch/stable/running-a-model-cpp-tutorial.html">Running an ExecuTorch Model in C++ Tutorial</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/executorch/stable/tutorials/sdk-integration-tutorial.html">Using the ExecuTorch SDK to Profile a Model</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/executorch/stable/demo-apps-ios.html">Building an ExecuTorch iOS Demo App</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/executorch/stable/demo-apps-android.html">Building an ExecuTorch Android Demo App</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/executorch/stable/examples-end-to-end-to-lower-model-to-delegate.html">Lowering a Model as a Delegate</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">์ถ์ฒ ์์คํ
</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../intermediate/torchrec_tutorial.html">TorchRec ์๊ฐ</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="sharding.html">Exploring TorchRec sharding</a></li>
</ul>
<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Multimodality</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../beginner/flava_finetuning_tutorial.html">TorchMultimodal ํํ ๋ฆฌ์ผ: FLAVA ๋ฏธ์ธ์กฐ์ </a></li>
</ul>
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<div class="section" id="ddp-rpc">
<h1>๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณ๋ ฌ(DDP)๊ณผ ๋ถ์ฐ RPC ํ๋ ์์ํฌ ๊ฒฐํฉ<a class="headerlink" href="#ddp-rpc" title="์ด ์ ๋ชฉ์ ๋ํ ํผ๋จธ๋งํฌ">ยถ</a></h1>
<p><strong>์ ์</strong>: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pritamdamania87">Pritam Damania</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/wayi1">Yi Wang</a></p>
<p><strong>๋ฒ์ญ</strong>: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/dajeongPark-dev">๋ฐ๋ค์ </a></p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">์ฐธ๊ณ </p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="../_images/pencil-16.png"><img alt="edit" src="../_images/pencil-16.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a> ์ด ํํ ๋ฆฌ์ผ์ ์์ค ์ฝ๋๋ <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/PyTorchKorea/tutorials-kr/blob/master/advanced_source/rpc_ddp_tutorial.rst">GitHub</a> ์์ ํ์ธํ๊ณ ๋ณ๊ฒฝํด ๋ณผ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.</p>
</div>
<p>์ด ํํ ๋ฆฌ์ผ์ ๊ฐ๋จํ ์์ ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณ๋ ฌ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ(distributed data parallelism)์
๋ถ์ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ณ๋ ฌ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ(distributed model parallelism)๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํฉํ์ฌ ๊ฐ๋จํ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ์ต์ํฌ ๋
<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel">๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณ๋ ฌ(DistributedDataParallel)</a> (DDP)๊ณผ
<a href="#id2"><span class="problematic" id="id3">`</span></a>๋ถ์ฐ RPC ํ๋ ์์ํฌ(Distributed RPC framework) <<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html">https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html</a>>`__๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํฉํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ํด ์ค๋ช
ํฉ๋๋ค.
์์ ์ ์์ค ์ฝ๋๋ <a href="#id4"><span class="problematic" id="id5">`</span></a>์ฌ๊ธฐ <<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/examples/tree/master/distributed/rpc/ddp_rpc">https://github.com/pytorch/examples/tree/master/distributed/rpc/ddp_rpc</a>>`__์์ ํ์ธํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.</p>
<p>์ด์ ํํ ๋ฆฌ์ผ ๋ด์ฉ์ด์๋
<a href="#id6"><span class="problematic" id="id7">`</span></a>๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณ๋ ฌ ์์ํ๊ธฐ <<a class="reference external" href="https://tutorials.pytorch.kr/intermediate/ddp_tutorial.html">https://tutorials.pytorch.kr/intermediate/ddp_tutorial.html</a>>`__์
<a href="#id8"><span class="problematic" id="id9">`</span></a>๋ถ์ฐ RPC ํ๋ ์์ํฌ ์์ํ๊ธฐ <<a class="reference external" href="https://tutorials.pytorch.kr/intermediate/rpc_tutorial.html">https://tutorials.pytorch.kr/intermediate/rpc_tutorial.html</a>>`__๋
๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณ๋ ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ถ์ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋ณ๋ ฌ ํ์ต์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ํํ๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ๋ํด ์ค๋ช
ํฉ๋๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ด ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๊ฒฐํฉํ ์ ์๋ ๋ช ๊ฐ์ง ํ์ต ํจ๋ฌ๋ค์์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. ์๋ฅผ ๋ค์ด:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>ํฌ์ ๋ถ๋ถ(ํฐ ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ํ
์ด๋ธ)๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ง ๋ถ๋ถ(FC ๋ ์ด์ด)์ด ์๋ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ,
๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ(parameter server)์ ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ํ
์ด๋ธ(embedding table)์ ๋๊ณ <a href="#id10"><span class="problematic" id="id11">`</span></a>๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณ๋ ฌ <<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel">https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel</a>>`__์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ
์ฌ๋ฌ ํธ๋ ์ด๋์ ๊ฑธ์ณ FC ๋ ์ด์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ์ํ ์๋ ์์ต๋๋ค.
์ด๋ <a href="#id12"><span class="problematic" id="id13">`</span></a>๋ถ์ฐ RPC ํ๋ ์์ํฌ <<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html">https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html</a>>`__๋
๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ์์ ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์์
(embedding lookup)์ ์ํํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.</p></li>
<li><p>๋ค์์ <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.03377">PipeDream</a> ๋ฌธ์์์ ์ค๋ช
๋ ํ์ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ณ๋ ฌ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ ํ์ฑํํ๊ธฐ ์
๋๋ค.
<a href="#id14"><span class="problematic" id="id15">`</span></a>๋ถ์ฐ RPC ํ๋ ์์ํฌ <<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html">https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html</a>>`__๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ
์ฌ๋ฌ worker์ ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๋จ๊ณ๋ฅผ ํ์ดํ๋ผ์ธ(pipeline)ํ ์ ์๊ณ
(ํ์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ) <a href="#id16"><span class="problematic" id="id17">`</span></a>๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณ๋ ฌ <<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel">https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel</a>>`__์ ์ด์ฉํด์
๊ฐ ๋จ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.</p></li>
</ol>
<div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><br /></div>
</div>
<p>์ด ํํ ๋ฆฌ์ผ์์๋ ์์์ ์ธ๊ธํ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ฃฐ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค.
๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ด ์ด 4๊ฐ์ worker๊ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>1๊ฐ์ ๋ง์คํฐ๋ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ์ ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ํ
์ด๋ธ(nn.EmbeddingBag) ์์ฑ์ ๋ด๋นํฉ๋๋ค.
๋ํ ๋ง์คํฐ๋ ๋ ํธ๋ ์ด๋์ ํ์ต ๋ฃจํ๋ฅผ ์ํํฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
<li><p>1๊ฐ์ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฉ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์ ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ํ
์ด๋ธ์ ๋ณด์ ํ๊ณ ๋ง์คํฐ ๋ฐ ํธ๋ ์ด๋์ RPC์ ์๋ตํฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
<li><p>2๊ฐ์ ํธ๋ ์ด๋๋ <a href="#id18"><span class="problematic" id="id19">`</span></a>๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณ๋ ฌ <<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel">https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/nn.html#torch.nn.parallel.DistributedDataParallel</a>>`__์
์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ณต์ ๋๋ FC ๋ ์ด์ด(nn.Linear)๋ฅผ ์ ์ฅํฉ๋๋ค.
ํธ๋ ์ด๋๋ ๋ํ ์๋ฐฉํฅ ์ ๋ฌ(forward pass), ์ญ๋ฐฉํฅ ์ ๋ฌ(backward pass) ๋ฐ ์ต์ ํ ๋จ๊ณ๋ฅผ ์คํํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
</ol>
<div class="line-block">
<div class="line"><br /></div>
</div>
<p>์ ์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ์ต๊ณผ์ ์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ด ์คํ๋ฉ๋๋ค:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>๋ง์คํฐ๋ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ์ ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ํ
์ด๋ธ์ ๋ด๊ณ ์๋
<a href="#id20"><span class="problematic" id="id21">`</span></a>์๊ฒฉ ๋ชจ๋(RemoteModule) <<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#remotemodule">https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#remotemodule</a>>`__์ ์์ฑํฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
<li><p>๊ทธ๋ฐ ๋ค์ ๋ง์คํฐ๋ ํธ๋ ์ด๋์ ํ์ต ๋ฃจํ๋ฅผ ์์ํ๊ณ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ชจ๋(remote module)์ ํธ๋ ์ด๋์๊ฒ ์ ๋ฌํฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
<li><p>ํธ๋ ์ด๋๋ ๋จผ์ ๋ง์คํฐ์์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ชจ๋์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ
์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์์
(embedding lookup)์ ์ํํ ๋ค์ DDP ๋ด๋ถ์ ๊ฐ์ธ์ง FC ๋ ์ด์ด๋ฅผ ์คํํ๋ <a href="#id22"><span class="problematic" id="id23">``</span></a>HybridModel``์ ์์ฑํฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
<li><p>ํธ๋ ์ด๋๋ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์๋ฐฉํฅ ์ ๋ฌ์ ์คํํ๊ณ ์์ค์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ <a href="#id24"><span class="problematic" id="id25">`</span></a>๋ถ์ฐ Autograd <<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#distributed-autograd-framework">https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#distributed-autograd-framework</a>>`__๋ฅผ
์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ญ๋ฐฉํฅ ์ ๋ฌ์ ์คํํฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
<li><p>์ญ๋ฐฉํฅ ์ ๋ฌ์ ์ผ๋ถ๋ก FC ๋ ์ด์ด์ ๋ณํ๋๊ฐ ๋จผ์ ๊ณ์ฐ๋๊ณ DDP์ allreduce๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋ชจ๋ ํธ๋ ์ด๋์ ๋๊ธฐํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
<li><p>๋ค์์ผ๋ก, ๋ถ์ฐ Autograd๋ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ๋ก ๋ณํ๋๋ฅผ ์ ํํ๊ณ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์์ ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ํ
์ด๋ธ์ ๋ณํ๋๊ฐ ์
๋ฐ์ดํธ๋ฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
<li><p>๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก, <a href="#id26"><span class="problematic" id="id27">`</span></a>๋ถ์ฐ ์ตํฐ๋ง์ด์ (DistributedOptimizer) <<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#module-torch.distributed.optim">https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#module-torch.distributed.optim</a>>`__๋ ๋ชจ๋ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์๋ฅผ ์
๋ฐ์ดํธํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>์ด์ ๊ฐ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์์ธํ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.
๋จผ์ ํ์ต์ ์ํํ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ๋ชจ๋ ์์
์๋ฅผ ์ค์ ํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
์์ 0๊ณผ 1์ ํธ๋ ์ด๋, ์์ 2๋ ๋ง์คํฐ, ์์ 3์ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ์ธ 4๊ฐ์ ํ๋ก์ธ์ค๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ญ๋๋ค.</p>
<p>TCP init_method๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ 4๊ฐ์ ๋ชจ๋ worker์์ RPC ํ๋ ์์ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธฐํํฉ๋๋ค.
RPC ์ด๊ธฐํ๊ฐ ๋๋๋ฉด, ๋ง์คํฐ๋ <a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/master/generated/torch.nn.EmbeddingBag.html">EmbeddingBag</a> ๋ ์ด์ด๋ฅผ
<a href="#id28"><span class="problematic" id="id29">`</span></a>์๊ฒฉ ๋ชจ๋(RemoteModule) <<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#remotemodule">https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#remotemodule</a>>`__์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ
๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ์ ๋ด๊ณ ์๋ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ชจ๋ ํ๋๋ฅผ ์์ฑํฉ๋๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฐ ๋ค์ ๋ง์คํฐ๋ ๊ฐ ํธ๋ ์ด๋๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ณตํ๊ณ <a href="#id30"><span class="problematic" id="id31">`</span></a>rpc_async <<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#torch.distributed.rpc.rpc_async">https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#torch.distributed.rpc.rpc_async</a>>`__๋ฅผ
์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๊ฐ ํธ๋ ์ด๋์์ <a href="#id32"><span class="problematic" id="id33">``</span></a>_run_trainer``๋ฅผ ํธ์ถํ์ฌ ๋ฐ๋ณต ํ์ต์ ์์ํฉ๋๋ค.
๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ๋ง์คํฐ๋ ์ข
๋ฃํ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ๋ชจ๋ ํ์ต์ด ์๋ฃ๋ ๋๊น์ง ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฝ๋๋ค.</p>
<p>ํธ๋ ์ด๋๋ <cite>init_process_group <https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/distributed.html#torch.distributed.init_process_group>`__์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ
(2๊ฐ์ ํธ๋ ์ด๋) world_size=2๋ก DDP๋ฅผ ์ํด ``ProcessGroup``์ ์ด๊ธฐํํฉ๋๋ค.
๋ค์์ผ๋ก TCP init_method๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ RPC ํ๋ ์์ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธฐํํฉ๋๋ค.
์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ์ฃผ์ ํ ์ ์ RPC ์ด๊ธฐํ์ ProgressGroup ์ด๊ธฐํ์์ ์ฐ์ด๋ ํฌํธ(port)๊ฐ ๋ค๋ฅด๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค.
์ด๋ ๋ ํ๋ ์์ํฌ์ ์ด๊ธฐํ ๊ฐ์ ํฌํธ ์ถฉ๋์ ํผํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์ ์
๋๋ค.
์ด๊ธฐํ๊ฐ ์๋ฃ๋๋ฉด ํธ๋ ์ด๋๋ ๋ง์คํฐ์ ``_run_trainer</cite> RPC๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ง ํ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋๋ค.</p>
<p>ํ๋ผํผํฐ ์๋ฒ๋ RPC ํ๋ ์์ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธฐํํ๊ณ ํธ๋ ์ด๋์ ๋ง์คํฐ์ RPC๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฝ๋๋ค.</p>
<div class="highlight-py notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">run_worker</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">world_size</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> ์ด ํจ์๋ RPC๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธฐํํ๊ณ , ํจ์๋ฅผ ํธ์ถํ๊ณ ,</span>
<span class="sd"> RPC๋ฅผ ์ข
๋ฃํ๋ ๋ํผ ํจ์(wrapper function)์
๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="c1"># ํฌํธ ์ถฉ๋์ ํผํ๊ธฐ ์ํด init_rpc ๋ฐ init_process_group์ ๋ํด</span>
<span class="c1"># TCP init_method์์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ํฌํธ ๋ฒํธ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="n">rpc_backend_options</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TensorPipeRpcBackendOptions</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">rpc_backend_options</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">init_method</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"tcp://localhost:29501"</span>
<span class="c1"># ์์(rank) 2๋ master๋ฅผ ์๋ฏธํ๊ณ , 3์ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 0๊ณผ 1์ ํธ๋ ์ด๋๋ฅผ ๋ปํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">rank</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">rpc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">init_rpc</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s2">"master"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">rank</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">world_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">world_size</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">rpc_backend_options</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">rpc_backend_options</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">remote_emb_module</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RemoteModule</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s2">"ps"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">EmbeddingBag</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">NUM_EMBEDDINGS</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">EMBEDDING_DIM</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">kwargs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"mode"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"sum"</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># ํธ๋ ์ด๋์์ ํ์ต ๋ฃจํ๋ฅผ ์คํํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="n">futs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">trainer_rank</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]:</span>
<span class="n">trainer_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"trainer</span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">trainer_rank</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">fut</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rpc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">rpc_async</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">trainer_name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">_run_trainer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">remote_emb_module</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">trainer_rank</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">futs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fut</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># ๋ชจ๋ ํ์ต์ด ๋๋ ๋๊น์ง ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฝ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">fut</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">futs</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">fut</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">wait</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">rank</span> <span class="o"><=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># ํธ๋ ์ด๋์์ ๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณ๋ ฌ์ ๋ํ ํ๋ก์ธ์ค ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ ์ด๊ธฐํํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="n">dist</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">init_process_group</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">backend</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"gloo"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rank</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">world_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">init_method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"tcp://localhost:29500"</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># RPC๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธฐํํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="n">trainer_name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"trainer</span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">rpc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">init_rpc</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">trainer_name</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">rank</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">world_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">world_size</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">rpc_backend_options</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">rpc_backend_options</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># ํธ๋ ์ด๋๋ ๋ง์คํฐ์ RPC๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ง ํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">rpc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">init_rpc</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s2">"ps"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">rank</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">world_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">world_size</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">rpc_backend_options</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">rpc_backend_options</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ๋ ์๋ฌด๊ฒ๋ ํ์ง ์์ต๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
<span class="c1"># ๋ชจ๋ rpc๊ฐ ๋๋ ๋๊น์ง ์ฐจ๋จํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="n">rpc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shutdown</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"__main__"</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="c1"># 2๊ฐ์ ํธ๋ ์ด๋, 1๊ฐ์ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ, 1๊ฐ์ ๋ง์คํฐ</span>
<span class="n">world_size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="n">mp</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">spawn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">run_worker</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">world_size</span><span class="p">,),</span> <span class="n">nprocs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">world_size</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">join</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>ํธ๋ ์ด๋์ ๋ํ ์์ธํ ์ค๋ช
์ ์์, ํธ๋ ์ด๋๊ฐ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">HybridModel``์</span> <span class="pre">๋ํด</span> <span class="pre">์ค๋ช
๋๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="pre">์๋์</span> <span class="pre">์ค๋ช
๋</span> <span class="pre">๋๋ก</span> <span class="pre">``HybridModel``์</span> <span class="pre">๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์</span> <span class="pre">์๋ฒ์</span> <span class="pre">์๋ฒ ๋ฉ</span> <span class="pre">ํ
์ด๋ธ(``remote_emb_module</span></code>)๊ณผ DDP์ ์ฌ์ฉํ <a href="#id34"><span class="problematic" id="id35">``</span></a>device``๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ ํ๋ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ชจ๋์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ด๊ธฐํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
๋ชจ๋ธ ์ด๊ธฐํ๋ DDP ๋ด๋ถ์ <a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/master/generated/torch.nn.Linear.html">nn.Linear</a> ๋ ์ด์ด๋ฅผ
๊ฐ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ ํธ๋ ์ด๋์์ ์ด ๋ ์ด์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ ํ๊ณ ๋๊ธฐํํฉ๋๋ค.</p>
<p>๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์๋ฐฉํฅ(forward) ํจ์๋ ๊ฝค ๊ฐ๋จํฉ๋๋ค.
RemoteModule์ <a href="#id36"><span class="problematic" id="id37">``</span></a>forward``๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ์์ ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์์
(embedding lookup)์ ์ํํ๊ณ ๊ทธ ์ถ๋ ฅ์ FC ๋ ์ด์ด์ ์ ๋ฌํฉ๋๋ค.</p>
<div class="highlight-py notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">HybridModel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Module</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> ํ์ด๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ํฌ์ ๋ถ๋ถ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ง ๋ถ๋ถ์ด ์๋ ๋ชจ๋ธ์
๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="sd"> 1) ๋ฐ์ง ๋ถ๋ถ์ ๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณ๋ ฌ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ชจ๋ ํธ๋ ์ด๋์ ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ณต์ ๋๋ nn.Linear ๋ชจ๋์
๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="sd"> 2) ํฌ์ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ์์ nn.EmbeddingBag๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ชจ๋์
๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="sd"> ์ด ์๊ฒฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ์ ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ํ
์ด๋ธ์ ๋ํ ์๊ฒฉ ์ฐธ์กฐ(Remote Reference)๋ฅผ ์ป์ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">remote_emb_module</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">device</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">super</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">HybridModel</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_emb_module</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">remote_emb_module</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DDP</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Linear</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cuda</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">device</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">device_ids</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">device</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">device</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">device</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">indices</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">offsets</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">emb_lookup</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_emb_module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">forward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">indices</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">offsets</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">emb_lookup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cuda</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">device</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>๋ค์์ผ๋ก ํธ๋ ์ด๋์ ์ค์ ์ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.
ํธ๋ ์ด๋๋ ๋จผ์ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ์ ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ํ
์ด๋ธ๊ณผ ์์ฒด ์์๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ ํ๋ ์๊ฒฉ ๋ชจ๋์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ
์์์ ์ค๋ช
ํ <a href="#id38"><span class="problematic" id="id39">``</span></a>HybridModel``์ ์์ฑํฉ๋๋ค.</p>
<p>์ด์ <a href="#id40"><span class="problematic" id="id41">`</span></a>๋ถ์ฐ ์ตํฐ๋ง์ด์ (DistributedOptimizer) <<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#module-torch.distributed.optim">https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#module-torch.distributed.optim</a>>`__๋ก
์ต์ ํํ๋ ค๋ ๋ชจ๋ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์์ ๋ํ RRef ๋ชฉ๋ก์ ๊ฒ์ํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ์์ ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ํ
์ด๋ธ์ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์๋ฅผ ๊ฒ์ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด
RemoteModule์ <a href="#id42"><span class="problematic" id="id43">`</span></a>remote_parameters <<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#torch.distributed.nn.api.remote_module.RemoteModule.remote_parameters">https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#torch.distributed.nn.api.remote_module.RemoteModule.remote_parameters</a>>`__๋ฅผ ํธ์ถํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ด๊ฒ์ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ผ๋ก ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ํ
์ด๋ธ์ ๋ชจ๋ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์๋ฅผ ์ดํด๋ณด๊ณ RRef ๋ชฉ๋ก์ ๋ฐํํฉ๋๋ค.
ํธ๋ ์ด๋๋ RPC๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ์์ ์ด ๋ฉ์๋๋ฅผ ํธ์ถํ์ฌ ์ํ๋ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์์ ๋ํ RRef ๋ชฉ๋ก์ ์์ ํฉ๋๋ค.
DistributedOptimizer๋ ํญ์ ์ต์ ํํด์ผ ํ๋ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์์ ๋ํ RRef ๋ชฉ๋ก์ ๊ฐ์ ธ์ค๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ FC ๋ ์ด์ด์ ์ ์ญ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์์ ๋ํด์๋ RRef๋ฅผ ์์ฑํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
์ด๊ฒ์ <a href="#id44"><span class="problematic" id="id45">``</span></a>model.fc.parameters()``๋ฅผ ํ์ํ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์์ ๋ํ RRef๋ฅผ ์์ฑํ๊ณ
<a href="#id46"><span class="problematic" id="id47">``</span></a>remote_parameters()``์์ ๋ฐํ๋ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ ์ถ๊ฐํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ก <a href="#id48"><span class="problematic" id="id49">``</span></a>model.parameters()``๋ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. <a href="#id50"><span class="problematic" id="id51">``</span></a>RemoteModule``์์ ์ง์ํ์ง ์๋ <a href="#id52"><span class="problematic" id="id53">``</span></a>model.remote_emb_module.parameters()``๋ฅผ ์ฌ๊ท์ ์ผ๋ก ํธ์ถํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์
๋๋ค.</p>
<p>๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ๋ชจ๋ RRef๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ DistributedOptimizer๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ CrossEntropyLoss ํจ์๋ฅผ ์ ์ํฉ๋๋ค.</p>
<div class="highlight-py notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_run_trainer</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">remote_emb_module</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rank</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="sa">r</span><span class="sd">"""</span>
<span class="sd"> ๊ฐ ํธ๋ ์ด๋๋ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ์์ ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์์
(embedding lookup)์ ํฌํจํ๊ณ </span>
<span class="sd"> ์ ์ญ์์ nn.Linear๋ฅผ ์คํํ๋ ์๋ฐฉํฅ ์ ๋ฌ(forward pass)๋ฅผ ์คํํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="sd"> ์ญ๋ฐฉํฅ ์ ๋ฌ(backward pass) ๋์์, ๋ถ์ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ๋ณ๋ ฌ์ ๋ฐ์ง ๋ถ๋ถ(nn.Linear)์ ๋ํ ๋ณํ๋ ์ง๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ด๋นํ๊ณ </span>
<span class="sd"> ๋ถ์ฐ autograd๋ ๋ณํ๋ ์
๋ฐ์ดํธ๊ฐ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๋ฒ๋ก ์ ํ๋๋๋ก ํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="sd"> """</span>
<span class="c1"># ๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์์ฑํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="n">model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">HybridModel</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">remote_emb_module</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rank</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># ๋ชจ๋ ๋ชจ๋ธ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ฐ ์ตํฐ๋ง์ด์ ์ ๋ํ rrefs๋ก ๊ฒ์ํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="c1"># ์๋ฒ ๋ฉ ํ
์ด๋ธ์ ๋ํ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์๋ฅผ ๊ฒ์ํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="n">model_parameter_rrefs</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_emb_module</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">remote_parameters</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="c1"># model.fc.parameters()์ ์ค์ง ์ง์ญ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์๋ง ํฌํจํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="c1"># ์ฐธ๊ณ : ์ฌ๊ธฐ์์๋ model.parameters()๋ฅผ ํธ์ถํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="c1"># ์๋ํ๋ฉด parameters()๊ฐ ์๋๋ผ remote_parameters()๋ฅผ ์ง์ํ๋</span>
<span class="c1"># remote_emb_module.parameters()๋ฅผ ํธ์ถํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์
๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">param</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">fc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">parameters</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">model_parameter_rrefs</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">RRef</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">param</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="c1"># ๋ถ์ฐ ์ตํฐ๋ง์ด์ ๋ฅผ ์ค์ ํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="n">opt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DistributedOptimizer</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">optim</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">SGD</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">model_parameter_rrefs</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">lr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.05</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">criterion</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CrossEntropyLoss</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>์ด์ ๊ฐ ํธ๋ ์ด๋์์ ์คํ๋๋ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ์ต ๋ฃจํ๋ฅผ ์๊ฐํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค.
<a href="#id54"><span class="problematic" id="id55">``</span></a>get_next_batch``๋ ํ์ต์ ์ํ ์์์ ์
๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋์์ ์์ฑํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋์์ฃผ๋ ํจ์์ผ ๋ฟ์
๋๋ค.
์ฌ๋ฌ ์ํญ(epoch)๊ณผ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฐ์น(batch)์ ๋ํด ํ์ต ๋ฃจํ๋ฅผ ์คํํฉ๋๋ค:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>๋จผ์ ๋ถ์ฐ Autograd์ ๋ํด
<a href="#id56"><span class="problematic" id="id57">`</span></a>๋ถ์ฐ Autograd Context <<a class="reference external" href="https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#torch.distributed.autograd.context">https://pytorch.org/docs/master/rpc.html#torch.distributed.autograd.context</a>>`__๋ฅผ ์ค์ ํฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
<li><p>๋ชจ๋ธ์ ์๋ฐฉํฅ ์ ๋ฌ์ ์คํํ๊ณ ํด๋น ์ถ๋ ฅ์ ๊ฒ์(retrieve)ํฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
<li><p>์์ค ํจ์๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ถ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ชฉํ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ์์ค์ ๊ณ์ฐํฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
<li><p>๋ถ์ฐ Autograd๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์์ค์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ถ์ฐ ์ญ๋ฐฉํฅ ์ ๋ฌ์ ์คํํฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
<li><p>๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ๋ถ์ฐ ์ตํฐ๋ง์ด์ ๋จ๊ณ๋ฅผ ์คํํ์ฌ ๋ชจ๋ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์๋ฅผ ์ต์ ํํฉ๋๋ค.</p></li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight-py notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_next_batch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">num_indices</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">indices</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LongTensor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">num_indices</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NUM_EMBEDDINGS</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># ์คํ์
(offset)์ ์์ฑํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="n">offsets</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="n">start</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="n">batch_size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">while</span> <span class="n">start</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="n">num_indices</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">offsets</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">append</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">start</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">start</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">random</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">batch_size</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="n">offsets_tensor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LongTensor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">offsets</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">target</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">LongTensor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">batch_size</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">random_</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cuda</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">yield</span> <span class="n">indices</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">offsets_tensor</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">target</span>
<span class="c1"># 100๊ฐ์ ์ํญ(epoch)์ ๋ํด ํ์ตํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">epoch</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="c1"># ๋ถ์ฐ autograd context๋ฅผ ์์ฑํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">indices</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">offsets</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">target</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">get_next_batch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rank</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">dist_autograd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">context</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">context_id</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">indices</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">offsets</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">loss</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">criterion</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">output</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">target</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># ๋ถ์ฐ ์ญ๋ฐฉํฅ ์ ๋ฌ(distributed backward pass)์ ์คํํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="n">dist_autograd</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">backward</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">context_id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">loss</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="c1"># ๋ถ์ฐ ์ตํฐ๋ง์ด์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐฑ์ ํฉ๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="n">opt</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">context_id</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># ๋ฐ๋ณต๋ ๋๋ง๋ค ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ณํ๋๋ฅผ ํธ์คํ
ํ๋ ํ๋์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ์ฐ autograd context๋ฅผ ์์ฑํ๋ฏ๋ก</span>
<span class="c1"># ๋ณํ๋๋ฅผ 0์ผ๋ก ๋ง๋ค ํ์๊ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค.</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Training done for epoch </span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">epoch</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>์ ์ฒด ์์ ์ ์์ค ์ฝ๋๋ <a href="#id58"><span class="problematic" id="id59">`</span></a>์ฌ๊ธฐ <<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/pytorch/examples/tree/master/distributed/rpc/ddp_rpc">https://github.com/pytorch/examples/tree/master/distributed/rpc/ddp_rpc</a>>`__์์ ์ฐพ์ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.</p>
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