Add merge sort.

Author: trekhleb

README.md

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
   * [Selection Sort](https://github.com/trekhleb/javascript-algorithms/tree/master/src/algorithms/sorting/selection-sort)
   * [Insertion Sort](https://github.com/trekhleb/javascript-algorithms/tree/master/src/algorithms/sorting/insertion-sort)
   * [Heap Sort](https://github.com/trekhleb/javascript-algorithms/tree/master/src/algorithms/sorting/heap-sort)
+  * [Merge Sort](https://github.com/trekhleb/javascript-algorithms/tree/master/src/algorithms/sorting/merge-sort)
 
 ## Running Tests
 

src/algorithms/sorting/SortTester.js

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ export class SortTester {
     expect(sorter.sort([''])).toEqual(['']);
     expect(sorter.sort(['a'])).toEqual(['a']);
     expect(sorter.sort(['aa', 'a'])).toEqual(['a', 'aa']);
+    expect(sorter.sort(['aa', 'q', 'a', 'bbbb', 'ccc'])).toEqual(['q', 'a', 'aa', 'ccc', 'bbbb']);
     expect(sorter.sort(['aa', 'aa'])).toEqual(['aa', 'aa']);
   }
 

src/algorithms/sorting/merge-sort/MergeSort.js

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import Sort from '../Sort';
+
+export default class MergeSort extends Sort {
+  sort(originalArray) {
+    // Call visiting callback.
+    this.callbacks.visitingCallback(null);
+
+    // If array is empty or consists of one element then return this array since it is sorted.
+    if (originalArray.length <= 1) {
+      return originalArray;
+    }
+
+    // Split array on two halves.
+    const middleIndex = Math.floor(originalArray.length / 2);
+    const leftArray = originalArray.slice(0, middleIndex);
+    const rightArray = originalArray.slice(middleIndex, originalArray.length);
+
+    // Sort two halves of split array
+    const leftSortedArray = this.sort(leftArray);
+    const rightSortedArray = this.sort(rightArray);
+
+    // Merge two sorted arrays into one.
+    return this.mergeSortedArrays(leftSortedArray, rightSortedArray);
+  }
+
+  mergeSortedArrays(leftArray, rightArray) {
+    let sortedArray = [];
+
+    // In case if arrays are not of size 1.
+    while (leftArray.length && rightArray.length) {
+      let minimumElement = null;
+
+      // Find minimum element of two arrays.
+      if (this.comparator.lessThenOrEqual(leftArray[0], rightArray[0])) {
+        minimumElement = leftArray.shift();
+      } else {
+        minimumElement = rightArray.shift();
+      }
+
+      // Call visiting callback.
+      this.callbacks.visitingCallback(minimumElement);
+
+      // Push the minimum element of two arrays to the sorted array.
+      sortedArray.push(minimumElement);
+    }
+
+    // If one of two array still have elements we need to just concatenate
+    // this element to the sorted array since it is already sorted.
+    if (leftArray.length) {
+      sortedArray = sortedArray.concat(leftArray);
+    }
+
+    if (rightArray.length) {
+      sortedArray = sortedArray.concat(rightArray);
+    }
+
+    return sortedArray;
+  }
+}

src/algorithms/sorting/merge-sort/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Merge Sort
+
+In computer science, merge sort (also commonly spelled 
+mergesort) is an efficient, general-purpose, 
+comparison-based sorting algorithm. Most implementations 
+produce a stable sort, which means that the implementation 
+preserves the input order of equal elements in the sorted 
+output. Mergesort is a divide and conquer algorithm that 
+was invented by John von Neumann in 1945.
+
+An example of merge sort. First divide the list into 
+the smallest unit (1 element), then compare each 
+element with the adjacent list to sort and merge the 
+two adjacent lists. Finally all the elements are sorted 
+and merged.
+
+![Merge Sort](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Merge-sort-example-300px.gif)
+
+A recursive merge sort algorithm used to sort an array of 7 
+integer values. These are the steps a human would take to 
+emulate merge sort (top-down).
+
+![Merge Sort](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Merge_sort_algorithm_diagram.svg)
+
+## References
+
+[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_sort)

src/algorithms/sorting/merge-sort/__test__/MergeSort.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import BubbleSort from '../MergeSort';
+import {
+  equalArr,
+  notSortedArr,
+  reverseArr,
+  sortedArr,
+  SortTester,
+} from '../../SortTester';
+
+// Complexity constants.
+const SORTED_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT = 79;
+const NOT_SORTED_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT = 102;
+const REVERSE_SORTED_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT = 87;
+const EQUAL_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT = 79;
+
+describe('MergeSort', () => {
+  it('should sort array', () => {
+    SortTester.testSort(BubbleSort);
+  });
+
+  it('should sort array with custom comparator', () => {
+    SortTester.testSortWithCustomComparator(BubbleSort);
+  });
+
+  // it('should do stable sorting', () => {
+  //   SortTester.testSortStability(BubbleSort);
+  // });
+
+  it('should visit EQUAL array element specified number of times', () => {
+    SortTester.testAlgorithmTimeComplexity(
+      BubbleSort,
+      equalArr,
+      EQUAL_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should visit SORTED array element specified number of times', () => {
+    SortTester.testAlgorithmTimeComplexity(
+      BubbleSort,
+      sortedArr,
+      SORTED_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should visit NOT SORTED array element specified number of times', () => {
+    SortTester.testAlgorithmTimeComplexity(
+      BubbleSort,
+      notSortedArr,
+      NOT_SORTED_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should visit REVERSE SORTED array element specified number of times', () => {
+    SortTester.testAlgorithmTimeComplexity(
+      BubbleSort,
+      reverseArr,
+      REVERSE_SORTED_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT,
+    );
+  });
+});