Add quick sort.

Author: trekhleb

README.md

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
   * [Insertion Sort](https://github.com/trekhleb/javascript-algorithms/tree/master/src/algorithms/sorting/insertion-sort)
   * [Heap Sort](https://github.com/trekhleb/javascript-algorithms/tree/master/src/algorithms/sorting/heap-sort)
   * [Merge Sort](https://github.com/trekhleb/javascript-algorithms/tree/master/src/algorithms/sorting/merge-sort)
+  * [Quick Sort](https://github.com/trekhleb/javascript-algorithms/tree/master/src/algorithms/sorting/quick-sort)
 
 ## Running Tests
 

src/algorithms/sorting/quick-sort/QuickSort.js

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import Sort from '../Sort';
+
+export default class QuickSort extends Sort {
+  sort(originalArray) {
+    // Clone original array to prevent it from modification.
+    const array = originalArray.slice(0);
+
+    // If array has less then or equal to one elements then it is already sorted.
+    if (array.length <= 1) {
+      return array;
+    }
+
+    // Init left and right arrays.
+    const leftArray = [];
+    const rightArray = [];
+
+    // Take the first element of array as a pivot.
+    const pivotElement = array.shift();
+    const centerArray = [pivotElement];
+
+    // Split all array elements between left, center and right arrays.
+    while (array.length) {
+      const currentElement = array.shift();
+
+      // Call visiting callback.
+      this.callbacks.visitingCallback(currentElement);
+
+      if (this.comparator.equal(currentElement, pivotElement)) {
+        centerArray.push(currentElement);
+      } else if (this.comparator.lessThen(currentElement, pivotElement)) {
+        leftArray.push(currentElement);
+      } else {
+        rightArray.push(currentElement);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Sort left and right arrays.
+    const leftArraySorted = this.sort(leftArray);
+    const rightArraySorted = this.sort(rightArray);
+
+    // Let's now join sorted left array with center array and with sorted right array.
+    return leftArraySorted.concat(centerArray, rightArraySorted);
+  }
+}

src/algorithms/sorting/quick-sort/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Quicksort
+
+Quicksort is a divide and conquer algorithm.
+Quicksort first divides a large array into two smaller 
+sub-arrays: the low elements and the high elements.
+Quicksort can then recursively sort the sub-arrays
+
+The steps are:
+
+1. Pick an element, called a pivot, from the array.
+2. Partitioning: reorder the array so that all elements with 
+values less than the pivot come before the pivot, while all 
+elements with values greater than the pivot come after it 
+(equal values can go either way). After this partitioning, 
+the pivot is in its final position. This is called the 
+partition operation.
+3. Recursively apply the above steps to the sub-array of 
+elements with smaller values and separately to the 
+sub-array of elements with greater values.
+
+Animated visualization of the quicksort algorithm.
+The horizontal lines are pivot values.
+
+![Quicksort](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Sorting_quicksort_anim.gif)
+
+## References
+
+[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort)

src/algorithms/sorting/quick-sort/__test__/QuickSort.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import QuickSort from '../QuickSort';
+import {
+  equalArr,
+  notSortedArr,
+  reverseArr,
+  sortedArr,
+  SortTester,
+} from '../../SortTester';
+
+// Complexity constants.
+const SORTED_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT = 190;
+const NOT_SORTED_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT = 62;
+const REVERSE_SORTED_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT = 190;
+const EQUAL_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT = 19;
+
+describe('QuickSort', () => {
+  it('should sort array', () => {
+    SortTester.testSort(QuickSort);
+  });
+
+  it('should sort array with custom comparator', () => {
+    SortTester.testSortWithCustomComparator(QuickSort);
+  });
+
+  it('should do stable sorting', () => {
+    SortTester.testSortStability(QuickSort);
+  });
+
+  it('should visit EQUAL array element specified number of times', () => {
+    SortTester.testAlgorithmTimeComplexity(
+      QuickSort,
+      equalArr,
+      EQUAL_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should visit SORTED array element specified number of times', () => {
+    SortTester.testAlgorithmTimeComplexity(
+      QuickSort,
+      sortedArr,
+      SORTED_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should visit NOT SORTED array element specified number of times', () => {
+    SortTester.testAlgorithmTimeComplexity(
+      QuickSort,
+      notSortedArr,
+      NOT_SORTED_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should visit REVERSE SORTED array element specified number of times', () => {
+    SortTester.testAlgorithmTimeComplexity(
+      QuickSort,
+      reverseArr,
+      REVERSE_SORTED_ARRAY_VISITING_COUNT,
+    );
+  });
+});